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Kochland Page 84

by Christopher Leonard


  acquisition Farmland fertilizer plants for, 305, 501

  Koch Forest Products, 319

  Koch Gateway, 252–53, 263

  Koch Genesis, 293, 352, 353, 585

  Koch Global Alerts, 258

  Koch Industries PAC, 394, 456

  Koch Microelectronic Service Company, 222

  Koch Minerals, 223, 225, 296, 308

  Koch Minerals Cayman, Ltd., 503

  Koch Nitrogen, 296–98, 300, 301, 305, 587

  Koch Nitrogen Shipping, Ltd., 503

  Koch Petroleum, 221, 222

  Koch Resources, 572, 588

  Koch Supply & Trading, 223, 241–45, 260, 355, 357, 572, 587

  consolidation of trading operations under, 239–40

  Hall as CFO of, 487, 504, 583

  inside information for, 248, 252

  natural gas marketplace captured by, 251–52

  Koch University, 120–29, 222, 225, 367, 467

  Kovar, Charles, 524, 526

  Krauthammer, Charles, 458

  Kreutzer, David, 555

  Kriens, Don, 177, 178, 182–84

  K-State, see Kansas State University

  Kujawa, John, 72–73, 75–77

  Kujawa, Martha Ann, 76

  Kyoto Convention on Climate Change (1997), 394

  Labor, US Department of, 517

  Labor Education & Research Center (LERC), 375

  Labor Management System (LMS), 323–43, 373, 376–78, 385–86, 389, 513, 587

  events leading to use of, 323–32

  Georgia-Pacific adoption of, 331–33

  impacts of regulations of, 333–36

  ranking of drivers and supervisors by, 338–41, 378

  workers’ pay under, 341–42

  laissez-faire system, 92, 148, 272, 359

  Lance, Leonard, 442

  Langhofer, Keith, 49

  Lawrence, Steven, 158

  Lawrence, Ted, 157–58, 186

  Lehman Brothers, 229, 261, 264, 353, 590

  mortgage debt holdings leading to collapse of, 349–50

  oil futures at, 237

  private equity deals of, 294

  Leonard, Timothy, 142, 143

  leveraged buyouts, 198

  liberals, 2, 273, 314, 429, 435, 587

  carbon emissions legislation introduced by, see Waxman-Markey cap-and-trade bill

  Cayman Islands tax dodges investigated by, 503

  climate change derided as hoax perpetrated by, 329, 401, 480

  in Democratic Party, 157, 227, 269, 409, 416, 447

  greenhouse gas regulations drafted by, 395

  lobbying by, 409

  loss of congressional majority of, 482

  in Republican Party, 112, 227

  think tanks of, 397

  libertarianism, 5, 42, 250, 267, 532, 548

  politics and, 137, 146, 147

  Tea Party differences with, 438

  think tanks of, 268, 395, 445, 448–49, 547–48, 553

  Trump as antithesis of, 533, 537

  Libertarian Party, 14, 94, 112–14, 138, 393

  Libertarian Reason Foundation, 457

  Limbaugh, Rush, 458

  limited liability corporations (LLCs), 311, 312, 502, 540

  Lincoln, Blanche, 409

  Lincoln Center, 345

  Lindzen, Richard S., 400

  LinkedIn, 374

  Linn, Jim, 117

  Lipton, Eric, 558

  livestock feed, 169, 196, 199–201, 205–9, 231

  lobbyists, 4, 5, 135, 406–16, 458, 518, 535, 554

  against Border Adjustment Tax, 544, 546–47

  in California power crisis, 268, 273–75, 348

  against cap-and-trade bill, 404, 406, 422–25, 432, 450, 581, 583, 584

  coordination of third-party groups with, 322, 446–49

  echo chamber tactic of, 445–47

  economic elite, policy outcomes of, 572

  front groups for, 146, 150, 163n, 268, 540

  for global warming regulations, 397–98, 401, 404–6, 418

  influence on courts and US Attorney’s offices of, 138, 142

  Inglis and, 418–20

  neoliberal, 227

  for renewable energy, 480

  against oil theft legal case, 394, 584

  Trump administration and, 535, 563

  LoBiondo, Frank, 442–43

  Lochner, Joseph, 93

  Lockheed Martin, 408

  Loewe, Dylan, 404

  London, Jack, 383, 530

  See also Waxman-Markey bill

  Lonegan, Steve, 429–35, 442–43, 455, 458, 586

  Los Angeles Times, 287

  Louisiana, 122, 128, 231, 253, 473, 583

  chemical plants in, 100, 195

  fertilizer plant in, 194, 296–98, 304

  oil theft in, 30, 46–47, 122

  Lowe, Rob, 398

  Luxembourg, 502

  Lycra, 312

  MacArthur, Tom, 541n,

  Mahoney, Jim, 315

  management theories, 50, 191

  See also Market Based Management

  manufacturing plants, 35, 100

  See also chemical plants; fertilizer plants; paper mills; pulp mills

  Markel, F. Lynn, 87–91, 97, 105, 120, 121, 221, 586

  market analysis, 5, 97

  Market-Based Management (MBM), 4, 7, 120, 181, 359, 507, 510

  in acquisitions, 202–3, 211, 308, 329, 405, 482

  business failures resulting from, 153, 214, 216

  encoded philosophy in, 152, 486, 568

  key elements of, 329

  in labor contract negotiations, 378, 591

  leadership team made of proponents of, 221–22

  political implications, 406–7, 482, 485, 574, 586

  politics of, 406–7, 566, 574

  process owners in, 162

  profit centers in, 163

  safety issues related to, 153, 156, 512, 518, 520, 526–27

  in trading division, 261

  training new hires in, 314, 368–69, 501

  Markey, Ed, 397, 402, 403, 414, 420, 422, 586

  See also Waxman-Markey bill

  Marshall, Bettye, 116

  Marshall, J. Howard, II, 50, 107, 116–17

  Marshall, J. Howard, III, 107, 116–17

  Marshall, Stephen, 140

  Marx, Karen, 318

  Marx, Karl, 41

  Massachusetts, Markey as congressman from, 397, 586

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 99, 100–101, 105, 228, 344, 400

  Koch family members at, 37, 39, 99, 499, 585–86

  Matador Cattle Company, 37

  Mawer, Steve, 357–58, 362, 587

  Mayer, Jane, 459, 579

  Maynard, Nancy G., 401

  McCain, John, 19, 394, 541

  McCaskill, Claire, 444

  McCausland, Laurie, 412n

  McKinney, Travis, 334–37, 341–42, 347, 587

  McKinsey & Company, 237–39

  Meacham, John, 427

  Meadows, Mark, 539–41, 546–47, 550–51, 587

  Medicaid, 114

  Medicare, 93, 114, 147, 227, 228, 438

  megawatt-hours, markets for trading, 266–67, 271, 277–86

  floating prices on, 277

  nonprofit authority to ensure reliability of, 268

  parking transactions on, 281–85

  price caps on, 279–80

  reasonable rates on, 273

  West Power Clearing Model for, 279

  Mehlman Vogel Castagnetti, 409

  Mercatus Center, 139, 369, 445, 459

  Mercury contamination, 167

  mergers, 203n 212, 310, 473

  and acquisitions, 45, 146, 198, 501

  Merrill Lynch, 292

  methane emissions, 399

  Mexico, 147, 507, 538, 543

  fertilizer terminals in, 507

  Michelin, 417

  Michigan, Democrats in 2016 election in, 52, 397

  microseismic imaging, 465
r />   Microsoft, 3

  Minnesota, 149, 157–59, 172, 254, 569

  Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) of, 160, 173, 177–84, 187, 188

  refinery in, see Pine Bend refinery

  Mises, Ludwig von, 4, 124, 438, 440, 533

  academic interest in, 152, 369

  collector’s editions of works of, 393

  free market absolutism of, 42, 82

  judges ranked for conformity with teachings of, 139

  Koch Industries as laboratory to test theories of, 96–97

  political economy concept of, 91–92

  Mississippi River, 54, 122, 154, 160, 165, 170, 176n, 507

  Mobil Oil Company, 43

  Moeller, Joe, 221, 295, 320–21

  Molex, 483, 568, 569, 572, 584

  Money laundering, 150–51

  Monitor Group, 191

  Monocel, 100

  monopolies, 5, 22, 146, 272–73, 286, 577

  Montana, 450

  Monte Carlo simulations, 105–6

  Moody’s rating agency, 207

  Morgan, Mike, 274

  Morgan Stanley, 1, 237, 350

  Morgantown Energy Research Center (MERC), 468

  Morris, Kenny, 524, 526

  mortgages, 54, 61, 62, 206, 341, 388

  interest rates on, 347–48

  market trading in, 293, 349, 436

  Mosaic Company, 188

  Moxley, Tom, 478–82

  Munoz, Charles, 555

  Mydans, Bob, 142, 144

  NASA, 84, 401n, 534, 552

  Natenberg, Sheldon, 256

  National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame, 305

  National Association for Environmental Management, 188

  National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 447, 448

  National Bureau of Economic Research, 468

  nationalism, 533

  National Labor Relations Board, 71

  National Parks Service, 249

  National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC), 419

  National Rifle Association, 480

  Natural gas, 94, 229, 255–60, 312, 406, 415

  fracking of, 463–72, 475

  infrastructure for processing and shipping, 45, 65, 247, 249–52, 285, 500

  market trading in, 232–33, 238, 243, 246–47, 255–56, 587

  nitrogen-based fertilizer derived from, 194–95, 297, 299–301, 305, 482, 508

  power plants operating with, 249, 262–63, 267, 273, 276, 279, 443, 477, 556

  regulation and deregulation of, 250–51

  renewable energy alternatives to, 479

  “Natural Gas Point of View” slideshow, 259, 260

  Navy, US, 246, 376

  Nebraska, 194, 300

  Neels, Kevin, 544

  neoliberalism, 148, 227, 228, 402, 435, 446

  neopopulism, 447

  Nesmith, Tom, 280–82, 587

  Nevada, 443

  Americans for Prosperity chapter in, 555

  New Deal, 94, 226–27, 404, 414, 418, 446, 555

  economic interventionism of, 4–5, 92, 359–61, 461, 286

  energy industry regulations of, 250, 267–68, 272

  farm programs of, 204

  infrastructure policy of, 373

  Obama’s new, 482

  pro-union legislation in, 51, 71, 527

  safety-net programs of, 227, 438

  New Jersey, 432, 434, 476

  Americans for Prosperity chapter in, 429–30, 438, 442, 443, 455, 586

  New Hampshire, Pruitt in, 560

  New Mexico, oil theft in, 49, 145

  Newseum, 550

  New Source Review, 148–49, 473, 576

  New York City, 119, 294, 493, 500

  David Koch in, 39, 112, 344–46

  Elizabeth Koch in, 506–7, 586

  Freddie Koch in, 39, 586

  market trading in, 235, 241, 242

  September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11) in, 227, 228

  New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), 234–35

  New York Public Library, 346

  New York State, 154, 158

  Georgia-Pacific job cuts in, 353

  State Attorney General’s Office of, 132

  transportation infrastructure from Florida to, 128

  US Attorney General’s Office in Northern District of, 132

  New York State Theater, 345

  New York Stock Exchange, 1

  New York Times, The, 197, 345, 558

  Magazine, 562

  Nezer, Marc, 197

  Nicastro, David, 140–41

  Nickles, Don, 138, 142–45

  nitrification, 161, 167

  nitrous oxide emissions, 399, 411–12

  Nixon, Richard, 79, 92, 93, 113

  North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 147, 148, 446–47

  North Carolina, 353, 547

  Americans for Prosperity chapter in, 430, 547, 550

  Freedom Caucus congressman from, 539, 587

  North Dakota, 145, 466–58

  North Sea oil drilling, 231

  nuclear power, 259, 285

  NuStar Energy, 462

  Oaktree Capital Management, 294

  Obama, Barack, 382, 429, 451, 457, 461, 482, 533

  alterative fuels promoted by, 439

  Americans for Prosperity opposition to, 427, 570

  carbon emissions regulations advocated by, 2, 393–94, 403–4, 411, 414, 477, 556, 561

  command-and-control system imposed on economy by, 362

  election of, 433, 587

  health care legislation of, 411, 445, 537, 539

  Koch’s response to, 359–61, 389–91, 459–60, 482

  mortgage modification proposed by, 362, 436

  Pence’s cry for rebellion against agenda of, 421

  stimulus bill of, 361, 390, 422

  Obamacare, 428–29, 445, 453, 537–39, 541, 546, 549, 552

  Occupational Health and Safety Administration, see OSHA

  Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union (OCAW), 56–79, 180–81, 254, 327, 571, 590

  contract negotiations of Koch Refining Company and, 57–63, 72–73, 75–76

  Pine Bend strike of, 63–69, 75–78, 80, 82, 161, 181, 324, 386–87, 584, 588

  at Red Wing Pottery, 57

  offshore tax havens, 502–3

  oil theft, 7, 8, 19, 130–36, 140–45, 582, 584

  Dole delegitimizes issue of, 138

  FBI investigation of, 11–13, 15–17, 26–27, 130–32, 141–44, 583

  from Indian reservations, 20–21, 46, 131, 133, 136, 394

  oil gathering mismeasurement technique for, 15, 49, 130–31, 133, 145, 237

  Senate hearings on, 130

  senior executives involved in, 134, 140, 585

  Oklahoma, 41, 74, 146, 149, 444, 508

  fertilizer plant in, 300, 508

  natural gas refinery in, 45

  oil theft in, 8, 11–14, 16–17, 19–21, 25, 129, 131, 133, 135–38, 140–45, 394, 581–86, 590

  Pine Bend refinery workers from, 65, 67

  Pruitt’s political career in, 557–59, 588

  University of, 191

  Oklahomans for Judicial Excellence, 139, 146

  O’Mara, Maureen, 186

  O’Neill, Brenden, 7, 241–46, 249–50, 252–65, 348, 498–99

  bonuses paid to, 261, 264

  financial problems of, 254–55

  natural gas trading by, 249, 250, 252–53, 256–65, 267, 276, 279, 587

  OPEC, 23, 204, 272, 352, 464, 472

  opportunistism, 45, 124–25, 192, 467

  Option Volatility and Pricing Strategies (Natenberg), 256

  Oregon, 258, 285, 379, 380, 571

  University of, 375, 388

  warehouses in, 323–26, 332, 340–41, 347, 371–88, 512, 582–84, 587, 590

  Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, see OPEC

  Osage tribe, 136–37

  Osbourn, Wes, 476, 505

  OSHA, 93, 113, 517, 520, 525, 526


  Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), 284, 285

  Packebush, Steve, 296–98, 300–306, 308, 504, 507–8, 511, 587

  paper mills, 308, 318, 323, 332, 522,

  during recessions, 470

  wastewater treatment at, 154, 158, 165

  paraxylene, 127

  Paris Climate Accord, 560, 561

  Paul, Rand, 532

  Paulson, Bernard, 51–56, 97, 104, 127

  cowboy boots worn by, 55, 59, 68

  first meeting of Koch and, 51–52

  refinery management by, 51, 82–86, 97, 105, 588

  union breaking by, 7, 52, 58–77

  Paulson, Henry, 359

  Payton, Lowell, 56, 68, 77

  Peace, J. Stephen, 269–71, 273–79, 285–86, 288, 292, 348, 588

  Peace Corps, 396

  Pelosi, Nancy, 396–97, 403, 420, 438, 441

  Pence, Mike, 421, 453, 458, 562

  Pennsylvania, 444

  fracking in, 468

  oil industry in, 399

  pig business in, 206

  2016 presidential election in, 533

  Pentagon, 227, 552

  Permanently Blue (Loewe), 404

  Persian Gulf nations, 23, 504

  See also OPEC

  petrochemicals, 55–56, 127, 246, 312, 353

  Pew Research Center, 450

  Phillips, Jonathan, 395–96, 402, 409, 419, 424, 454, 553

  background of, 396

  cap-and-trade policy supported by, 403–5, 414–16

  global warming concerns of, 396–98, 588

  at House passage of Waxman-Markey bill, 420–22

  Phillips, Tim, 427, 430, 438, 547–49, 588

  Phillips Petroleum, 21, 25

  piercing the veil, 212–13, 459

  pig industry, 200, 205–9

  Pine Bend refinery, 50–79, 107, 195, 327, 367, 571

  acquisition of, 50–51, 78, 294, 520

  ammonia-polluted water released from, 154, 159–88, 190, 225, 582, 583, 590, 591

  barge transport of crude oil to, 122

  Canadian oil processed at, 50, 79, 544–45

  Clean Air Act loophole for, 148

  competitive advantages of, 126–27, 300

  compliance team at, 315

  Corpus Christi refinery and, 469–71, 476, 568

  crude oil purchases for, 239, 466

  diesel engine crash into, 70–71, 74

  Market-Based Management at, 152–53, 163

  Minnesota location of, 25, 254

  Paulson as manager of, 52–56, 105, 482, 588

  profitability of, 85–86, 97, 159, 224, 345, 447, 544

  shutdowns for repairs of, 232–33

  strike at, 63–69, 75–78, 80, 82, 161, 181, 324, 386–87, 584, 588

  union contract negotiations at, 57–63, 72–76

  pipelines, 43, 45, 245, 276, 501, 591

  acquisitions of, 14, 91

  ammonia, 193–95, 297, 308

  constructed to Corpus Christi refinery, 462–63

  divestment of, 222

  Fred Koch’s, 35, 37, 40

 

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