by Gopal Sukhu
“Jiu tan” (Nine Sighs; Liu Xiang), xxviii, 50n23, 220
Jiu zhang. See Nine Cantos
Jiubian. See Nine Variations
Jiuge. See Nine Songs
“Ju song” (Hymn to a Mandarin Orange Tree; Nine Cantos), 103, 127–29, 216
Kang Hui. See Gonggong
Karlgren, Bernhard, 85n27
Kitchen God, 12
Kongzi jiayu (Confucius Family Sayings), 136n22
“Lady of the Xiang River” (“Xiang furen”; Nine Songs), 1, 8–12
Lai Ge, 192, 193n11
landscape poetry, xxxiii, xxxix, xli–xliii
Laozi, xxxv. See also Daodejing
“Leaving My Sorrow” (“Li sao”), xv–xxviii, 25–60; allegory in, xxiv–xxv, 25, 27–34; and “Ask the Sky,” 52n29, 56n61, 61, 81n18, 99n75; dating of, xi, xviii, 214–18; deities in, 7, 26, 28–29; dialogue in, 25; and “Diviner,” 155n3; food in, 32, 46, 49n14; on ideal ruler, xv; influence of, 25–26; and Li Bai, xxxvii, xxxviii–xxxix; and Liu An, xx, xxi, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 27, 210; loyal dissent in, xxiv, 27, 31; Lure Leaf in, 31, 36, 45, 50n19; metaphors in, xv–xvi; as model, xxxi–xxxii; and Nine Cantos, 103, 108, 111, 114, 121, 128, 130, 135n9, 136n11, 138n46, 138n52; and Nine Songs, 1, 30, 31, 50n19, 55n56, 214; and Nine Variations, 167n12, 216; plant imagery in, 28–29, 30–32, 34; and Qu Yuan, xxvii, 26–27, 28, 34, 103; shamans in, 28, 30, 32, 34, 50n24; Spirit Adorned in, 28, 31, 36, 38; story of, 28, 30–35; and “Wandering Far Away,” 142, 143; and youxian poetry, xxxiv
legal systems, xiv, 104
Lei Kai, 73, 98n68
Leigong (Thunder God). See Feng Long
“Lesser Minister of Life Spans” (“Shao Siming”; Nine Songs), 1, 14–15, 31
Li, King (Zhou), xii, 97n65, 101n81
Li Bai, xxxiv–xxxv, xxxvii, 143
Li Cheng, 76n3, 187n1
Li Chenyu, 81n18
Li Daming, 76n3, 187n1
“Li Hun” (Serving the Spirits; Nine Songs), 21
Li Ji, 135n6
Li Lou (Lou Li), 119, 138n41
“Li sao.” See “Leaving My Sorrow”
Li Si, 198, 201nn7–8
Li Xiang, 101n80
Li Zhouhan, 54n49
Liang, state of, 3
Lienü zhuan (Biographies of exemplary women; Liu Xiang), 8
Liexian zhuan (Li Xiang), 101n80, 149n4
Liji (Book of Rites), xiv
Ling Fen, 33, 44, 46
Lingyang Hou (Lord of Lingyang), 137n30, 137n33
Lingyangzi Ming jing (The bright scripture of the Master of Lingyang), 149n8
Liu An (Prince of Huainan), 211, 218; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” xx, xxi, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 27, 210
Liu Bang (Han founder), 3, 6
Liu Mengpeng, 58n81
Liu Pi, Prince (Wu), 202
Liu Wu, Prince (Liang), 202, 217
Liu Xiang, xxviii, 8, 103, 152, 189; “Nine Sighs” by, xxviii, 50n23, 220; on “Summoning the Soul,” 170, 216
Liu Zongyuan, 83n25
Long Lian, 205, 209n12
“Longing for the Beautiful One” (“Si meiren”; Nine Cantos), 121–23, 216–17
“Lord in the Clouds” (“Yunzhong jun”; Nine Songs), 6–7
“Lord of the East” (“Dong Jun”; Nine Songs), 15–16
Lou Li (Li Lou), 119, 138n41
love poetry, xxxiii, xxxix–xli, 4
Lü Wang. See Taigong Wang
Lu Xun, 61
luan (moral, envoi), xix, xx, 59n90, 178, 192; and Jia Yi, 196, 201n4; in Nine Cantos, 110, 113, 117, 120
Lunheng (Wang Chong), 98n71
“Luoshen fu” (Rhapsody on the Spirit of the River Luo; Cao Zhi), xxxvi, 55n57
Lure Leaf (quan; Acorus calamus): in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 31, 36, 45, 50n19; in Nine Cantos, 114, 115; in Nine Songs, 9, 11, 14, 15
Lüshi chunqiu, 23n22, 56n61, 94n56, 95n57, 99n74
Ma Maoyuan, 57n69
Ma Su, 86n30
Major, John, 76n2, 219
Mao Qiling, 96n63
Mawangdui tomb, 80n13
Mei Bo, 73, 98n69, 192, 193n10
Mei Cheng, 202
Mencius (Mengzi), xiii, xxix, 51n28, 85n29, 91n42, 155n5
Meng Zou, 205, 209n12
Mian Chen, 94nn51–52
Ming dynasty, 26
Miu Ji, 5
Momu, 126, 140n62
“Mountain Spirit” (“Shan Gui”; Nine Songs), 18–19
“Mourning Qu Yuan” (Diao Qu Yuan; Jia Yi), xxvii, xxix, 189, 194, 195–97, 217, 220
“Mourning Ying” (Ai Ying; Nine Cantos), xxvi, xxviii, 103, 110–13, 124, 129–30; dating of, 215, 216, 218
Moxi, 69, 91n41
Moye sword, 196, 201n2
Mozi, 51n28, 86nn29–30
Mu, Duke (Qin), 125, 137n36, 139n56
Mu, King (Zhou), 29, 72, 96n64, 138n49
Mu Tianzi zhuan (Travels of King Mu), 7, 96n64
“Mulan zhai” (Magnolia enclosure; Wang Wei), xxxix–xl
music, xiii, 4, 16, 22n8, 191; in “Great Summoning,” 183, 188n10; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 55n58; in Nine Cantos, 103, 108, 114, 130; stolen, 40, 47, 51n28, 67, 86nn29–31; in “Summoning the Soul,” 176–77; in “Wandering Far Away,” 148, 151nn36–37, 151n39
mythology: in “Ask the Sky,” 61, 76n1, 84n27; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 28–30; in Nine Songs, 1–2, 4, 9, 15; in Nine Variations, 156. See also deities and spirits
Nine Cantos (Jiu zhang), 103–41; “Bosom Full of Sand,” xxi, xxvi, xxviii, 103, 117–21; “Crossing the Yangtze,” 107–10; dating of, 215–17; “Expressing My Longing,” 114–17; “Hymn to a Mandarin Orange Tree,” 103, 127–29; “I Deplore Pleading,” 103, 104–7; “I Grieve When the Whirlwind,” 124, 129–34; “I Look Back in Sadness,” 124–27; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” 103, 108, 111, 114, 121, 128, 130, 135n9, 136n11, 138n46, 138n52; “Longing for the Beautiful One,” 121–23; “Mourning Ying,” xxvi, xxviii, 103, 110–13, 124, 129–30
“Nine Longings” (“Jiu huai”; Wang Bao), xxviii, 220
Nine Regions (Jiu Zhou), 13, 23n23, 44, 63, 65, 77n6
“Nine Sighs” (“Jiu tan”; Liu Xiang), xxviii, 50n23, 220
Nine Songs (Jiuge), xiv, xxvi, xxix, xxxi, 1–24; “August of the East,” 5–6; dating of, 214, 215, 216, 218; deities and spirits in, 1, 6–7, 12, 22n20; “Earl of the Yellow River,” xxii, 4, 16–17; “Great Minister of Life Spans,” 1, 12–13; and “I Lament It Was Not My Destiny,” 203; influence of, xxxvii–xxxviii, xli, xlii; “Lady of the Xiang River,” 1, 8–12; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” 1, 30, 31, 50n19, 55n56, 214; “Lesser Minister of Life Spans,” 1, 14–15, 31; “Lord in the Clouds,” 6–7; “Lord of the East,” 15–16; “Mountain Spirit,” 18–19; mythology in, 1–2, 4, 9, 15; and Nine Cantos, 108, 121, 136n20; numbering of, 1–2; and Qu Yuan, 2, 103; and “Regretting the Vows,” 193n2; “Ruler of the Xiang River,” 1, 8–10; “Serving the Spirits,” 2, 21; shamans in, 1–4, 7, 12; “Those Who Died for the Kingdom,” 2, 19–20; and “Wandering Far Away,” 142; women in, 4, 8–13
Nine Variations (Jiubian), 156–68; dating of, 216–17; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” 167n12, 216
Nine Variations and Nine Songs (stolen music), 40, 47, 51n28, 67, 86nn29–31
“Nine Yearnings” (“Jiu si”; Wang Yi), xxviii, 220
Ning Qi, 45, 58n75, 125, 139n59, 165, 168n16
Nü Qi (Jiuzi Mu), 78n10, 90n39
Nü Wa, 69, 92n44, 137n36
Nü Xu, 32, 37, 50n24
Nü Ying, 8, 151n38
oracle bones, 93n50, 94n53, 100n78
“Owl Rhapsody” (“Fu fu”; Jia Yi), xxix, 194, 195, 197–200, 220
Pankenier, David, 78n11
Peng and Xian: in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 32–34, 37, 44, 47, 50n23, 60n94; in Nine Cantos, 115, 121, 122, 131, 132, 133, 137n37, 138n54
Peng Keng (Peng Zu), 74, 100n80
Pi, Prince (Wu), 217
Ping, King (Chu), 136n23, 139n60
Ping Yi, 7. See also Feng Long
p
lant imagery, xv, 214; in “Diviner,” 155n3; in “Great Summoning,” 185; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 28–32, 34; in Nine Cantos, 121, 128; in Nine Variations, 160, 166n2, 167n12
Poe, Edgar Allan, 195
Qi (Shang founder), 138n48
qi (vital energy), 130, 145, 150n10
Qi, King (Xia), 2, 40, 51n28, 156; in “Ask the Sky,” 67, 85n29, 86n30, 93n49
Qi, state of, xix, 5
Qi and Ji (horses), 201n3, 205, 209n13; in Nine Variations, 161, 165, 167n4, 168n15
“Qi jian” (Seven Remonstrations; Dongfang Shuo), xxviii, 217, 220
Qi Jiang, 135n6
Qian Gaozhi, 54n49, 56nn62–64
Qian Ying, 148, 151n45
Qin, state of, 3, 5, 19, 110, 167n9; and Chu, xii, xix–xxi
Qin dynasty, 104, 142, 180, 214
Qing dynasty, 26, 142, 170
Qing Xiang, King (Chu), xi, xviii, xx, 103, 110, 114
Qinghua daxue cang zhanguo zhujian (Qinghua University bamboo texts), xvii
Qiongda yi shi (Poverty or success is a matter of timing; Guodian text), xv
Qu Yuan: and “Ask the Sky,” 62, 102n84; as author of Chuci, xi, xiii–xiv, xxvi–xxxii, xxxvi, xxxix, xl, xliii, 219; and Daoism, xxvi; and dating, 213, 215, 217, 218; and “Diviner” and “Fisherman,” 152–55; exile of, xi, xviii, xx–xxi; and “Great Summoning,” 180; and Huainan Xiaoshan, 210; and “I Lament It Was Not My Destiny,” 203, 207; and Jia Yi, xxvii, xxix, 189, 194–97, 220; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” xxvii, 26–27, 28, 34, 103; and Li Bai, xxxvi, xxxix; loyal dissent of, xxiv; in modern China, xxix–xxx; and Nine Cantos, 103, 104, 107–8, 110–11, 114, 117–18, 124, 127–30; and Nine Songs, 2, 103; and Nine Variations, 156, 216; other works ascribed to, xxvi, xxvii–xxviii, 216; and shamanism, 4; Shiji biography of, xvii–xxii, xxv, xxvii, 28, 34, 103, 114, 117, 124; suicide of, xi, xxi, 117; and “Summoning the Soul,” 170, 179n2; and “Wandering Far Away,” 142
Queen Mother of the West, xxxii, xxxv, 96n64, 138n49, 208n1
Rain God (Yushi), 147, 150n31
Red Pine (Chi Song), 144, 149n2, 190, 191, 206, 209n19
“Regretting the Vows” (“Xi shi”), 189–93; dating of, 217, 218
remonstration, xxiii–xxiv, 2, 3, 27, 31. See also “Seven Remonstrations”
Return (Fu) ritual, 169
“Ruler of the Xiang River” (“Xiang jun”; Nine Songs), 1, 8–10
Ruo (Ro), 148, 151n40
Rushou, 147, 150n26
Sanghu (Zi Sanghu, Zi Sang Bozi), 109, 136n22
“Serving the Spirits” (“Li Hun”; Nine Songs), 2, 21
“Seven Remonstrations” (“Qi jian”; Dongfang Shuo), xxviii, 217–18, 220
sexuality, xxxvi, xli; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 28, 30, 33; in Nine Songs, 4, 9, 12
shamans, xxv, xxxix, xlii; in “Ask the Sky,” 68, 88n34; of Chu, xiv, 3, 4, 7, 12; and dating, 214, 215, 217; female, 3, 9, 12, 17, 28, 30, 32, 50n24, 169; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 28, 30, 32, 34, 50n24; in Nine Cantos, 135n4, 135n9; in Nine Songs, 1–4, 7, 12; in “Summoning the Soul,” 169; terms for, 7, 15, 30, 57n71; in “Wandering Far Away,” 143
“Shan Gui” (Mountain Spirit; Nine Songs), 18–19
Shang dynasty, xii, 29, 56n61; and “Ask the Sky,” 72, 74, 94n55, 99n73
Shang Jiawei, 94n51
Shangguan Dafu, xviii, xx
Shanghai Museum texts, xvii, 62
Shangjia Wei (Hun Wei), 93n50, 94nn54–55
Shangshu (Shujing; Documents), 1, 50n25, 79n12, 85n28, 87n32, 91n42, 95nn58–59
Shanhaijing (Classic of mountains and seas): and “Ask the Sky,” 79nn12–13, 80n16, 81n20, 82n21, 83nn25–26, 84n27, 86nn29–30, 87n32, 92n44, 93n50, 94nn51–52; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” 51n28, 54n46, 54n49, 59n86, 60n94; and Nine Songs, 2, 9
Shao Hao, 48n10, 58n84, 134n3, 150n27
Shao Kang, 43, 53n31, 56n65, 69, 90n39
“Shao Siming” (Lesser Minister of Life Spans; Nine Songs), 1, 14–15, 31
Shao Tuo, 104
“She jiang” (Crossing the Yangtze; Nine Cantos), 107–10, 215, 218
Shen Baoxu, 162, 167n9
Shen Nong, 92n44, 137n36
Shen Yue, 90n39
Shensheng of Jin, 106, 135n6
Shentu Di, 134, 141n77
Shiji (Records of the grand historian; Sima Qian), xliiin5, 3, 8, 12, 17; on “Ask the Sky,” 93n50, 95nn58–59, 96n63, 97n65, 99n74, 101nn80–81; biography of Qu Yuan in, xvii–xxii, xxv, xxvii, 28, 34, 103, 114, 117, 124; and dating, 213, 215; on “Fisherman,” 152; on “Leaving My Sorrow,” xxi; on Liu An, 210; on Nine Cantos, 136n23; on Nine Variations, 156
Shijing (Book of Songs), xi; and “Ask the Sky,” 87n31, 98n70; and dating, 213–14, 217; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” 56n61; and Nine Variations, 162, 163, 167n8
Shou Meng, 74, 100n79
Shu Dan. See Zhou, Duke of
Shu Qi, 101n82, 140n67
Shun (sage-king), xxiii, xxxviii; in “Ask the Sky,” 69, 79n12, 91n42, 92n45; in “I Lament It Was Not My Destiny,” 204, 208n11; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 31, 33, 36, 40, 42, 43, 50n18, 51n27, 56n65, 57n66; in Nine Cantos, 108, 113, 120, 135n3, 136n11, 137n34, 137n36, 138n48; in Nine Songs, 8, 9; in Nine Variations, 164, 165; in “Wandering Far Away,” 151n39
Shuowen jiezi, 54n46, 56n62, 77n5
“Si meiren” (Longing for the Beautiful One; Nine Cantos), 121–23, 216–17
Sima Qian, 61, 103, 117, 152, 156, 170; on works by Qu Yuan, xxvi, xxvii–xxviii, 216. See also Shiji
Sima Xiangru, xxvi, xxx, xxxii, 142, 202, 218
Sima Zhen, 96n63
Six Dynasties period, xxxiii
Song dynasty, xxviii, 26, 129, 152
“Song of the Celestial Grandmother Dream: A Parting Gift” (“Meng you tian mu yin liubie”; Li Bai), xxxvii
Song Yu, xxvi, xxviii, xxxvi, xl, xlii; and Nine Variations, 156, 167n8, 216; and “Summoning the Soul,” 170, 216
Spirit Adorned: in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 28, 31, 36, 38; in Nine Songs, xli, 19
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), xxiii
Spring and Autumn period, xii, 58n75, 100n79, 135n6, 139nn56–61, 167n9, 201n2, 209nn14–15
Su Xuelin, 77n4
“Summoning the Soul” (Zhao hun), xiii, xxvi, xxviii, 169–79, 180; dating of, 215–16
Sunzi, 19
Tai Bo, 70, 92n46
Tai Hao, 147, 150n22
Tai Kang, 87n32
Taigong Wang (Jiang Ziya; Jiang Taigong; Lü Wang; Lü Shang), xv, xliiin5; in “Ask the Sky,” 99n75; in “I Lament It Was Not My Destiny,” 207, 209n24; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 45; in Nine Cantos, 125, 139n58; in Nine Variations, 161, 167n6
Taiyi (Great Unity), xiv, xvi, 5–6, 21n7, 76n1, 190, 193n2
Taiyi sheng shui (The Great Unity Gives Birth to Water), xiv, xvi, 5–6, 76n1
Tang (sage-king): in “Ask the Sky,” 69, 71, 74, 91nn40–41, 92n48, 93n48, 94n56, 95n58; in “Great Summoning,” 188n18; in “I Lament It Was Not My Destiny,” 204, 208n11; and Jia Yi, 200n2; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 40, 45, 53n34, 57n72; in Nine Cantos, 120, 125, 137n36, 138n44
Tang Bingzheng, 57n67, 57n69, 76n3, 94n52, 134n2, 187n1
Tang dynasty, xxxiv–xxxv, 26
Tang Le, 156
Tao Wu. See Gun
“Those Who Died for the Kingdom” (“Guoshang”; Nine Songs), 2, 19–20, 214
Thunder God. See Feng Long
Tian Lang (Sirius), 16, 23n26
“Tian wen.” See “Ask the Sky”
Tianxingguan (Jiangling, Hubei) manuscript, 6
Travels of King Mu (Mu Tianzi zhuan), 7, 96n64
turtles, 68–69, 79n13, 89n38
Waley, Arthur, xxii
Walker, Galal, xxi, xxv, 2, 124; on dating, 213–20
“Wandering Far Away” (“Yuan you”), xxvi, xxxii, 129, 142–51; dating of, 217, 218; influence of, xxxvii; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” 142, 143; and youxian poetry, xxxiv
Wang Bangcai, 53n35
Wang Bao, xxviii
Wang Chong, 98n
71
Wang Fuzhi, 1, 53n35, 53n38, 86n29, 89n35, 90n40
Wang Guowei, 93n50, 94n53
Wang Hai, 70, 71, 93n50
Wang Mang, xxii–xxiii
Wang Qiao (Wang Ziqiao), 89n36, 145, 149n7, 190, 191, 206, 209n19
Wang Shuqing, xxxvi–xxxvii
Wang Siyuan, 137n35, 179n11, 190
Wang Wei, xxxix–xl, xlii
Wang Yi, xviii, xxii, xxvi, xliiin5, 3–4; on “Ask the Sky,” 61–62, 77n5, 79n13, 80nn16–17, 81n18, 83nn25–26, 85n27, 86n29, 87nn31–32, 89n36, 89n38, 90nn39–40, 95n57, 99n75, 101n80, 101n83, 102n86; on dating, 215, 217, 218; on “Fisherman” and “Diviner,” 152; on “Great Summoning,” 188n12; on Huainan Xiaoshan, 210; on Jia Yi, 195; on “Leaving My Sorrow,” xxiv–xxv, 27–28, 29, 48n10, 49n12, 50n23, 53n35, 54n52; on Nine Cantos, 114, 127, 137n36, 138n37, 140n64; on Nine Songs, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8; on “Regretting the Vows”, 189; poetry by, xxviii, 220; on “Summoning the Soul,” 170, 216; on “Wandering Far Away,” 149n8
Wang Ziqiao. See Wang Qiao
Wangchuan Collection (Wangchuan ji; Wang Wei), xxxix
Wangshan tomb, 5
Warring States period, xii–xiv, xv, xvi–xvii, xxv, xxix, 61, 201n2, 218; and “Great Summoning,” 180, 188n13; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” 34, 50n21, 59n91; and Nine Cantos, 139n39, 140n64; and Nine Songs, 5, 12, 17
Wei, state of, xix
Weld, Susan, 104
Wen, Duke (Jin; Chong’er), 125, 137n36, 139n61
Wen, Emperor (Han), xxvii, 194, 195
Wen, King (Zhou), xiiv, xv, xliiin5; in “Ask the Sky,” 92n46, 98n72, 99nn73–75; in “Great Summoning,” 188n18; in “I Lament It Was Not My Destiny,” 207, 209n24; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 45; in Nine Cantos, 137n36, 139n58; in Nine Variations, 167n6
Wen Chang, 147, 150n30
Wen xuan, 101n82
Wen Yiduo, 51n25, 57n69, 77n5, 78n9, 90n40, 94n51, 96n63
Wind Earl. See Feilian
women: in “Great Summoning,” 180, 183–85, 188n12; immortal, 190, 193n5; in “Leaving My Sorrow,” 28, 30, 32, 33, 50n24, 55n57; in Nine Songs, 4, 8–13; as shamans, 3, 9, 12, 17, 28, 30, 32, 50n24, 169; in “Summoning the Soul,” 174, 176, 177; in “Wandering Far Away,” 148
Wu, Emperor (Han), xxx, xxxii, 3, 5, 22n14; and dating, 218, 219; and “Leaving My Sorrow,” xx, xxi, xxvi, xxviii, xxviii, 26–27, 210; and Sima Qian, xxvii–xxviii
Wu, King (Zhou), 95nn59–60, 99n76, 100n77, 101n82, 139n58
Wu, state of, 19, 70, 136n23, 167n9, 198, 201n6
Wu Ding, King (Shang), xv, xliiin4, 45, 149n3, 198, 201n9
