The Crusades and the Near East
Page 49
Sunnis 22, 28–9, 35, 40
120, 195, 200, 205, 234–9, 249–50;
surgeons 190, 193, 195, 202, 208
negotiations with Richard I 240–1,
surrender gestures 241–4
246–7
Sybil, wife of Bohemond III 93–5
Saracen, the term 134, 138–9, 146
Sybil, wife of Bohemond VI 98
‘Saracene’ turrets 225
Sybil, wife of Leon 95, 97
Saracens, Western perceptions of 132,
Syria 14–18, 28–9, 32–44, 57–8, 64–5,
134–42, 152
84–5, 88, 92–3, 97–9, 111, 192
Savage-Smith, Emilie 191
Syriac chronicle 89
al-Sawad 32–3
schism 60–1, 65, 67–8, 73, 167, 172–4
al-Tabari 230
Scots/Scotland 111, 120
Tacuinum sanitatis in medicina (Ibn
Second Crusade 58, 62–3, 70, 120, 132,
Butlan) 197
144–5; Muslim responses 33; warfare
Tancred 13, 33, 88, 91, 114, 117–18,
13, 16
122–3, 197, 241
Seljuks 13–14, 28–9, 33, 36, 57–8, 84,
Taphnuz 88
94, 98, 112, 124, 260
Tarsus 91, 114, 117, 164, 241
Sempad 92, 94–7
Tatikios 162, 164, 175–7, 180
Seventh Crusade 16, 193, 195
Templars 21, 31, 97, 242, 245
Shams al-Din Muhammad 40–1
Teutonic Order 21, 96–7
Shams al-Khilafa 43, 237
Theoderich (pilgrim) 206
Shams al-Muluk Isma’il 33
Theodora Comnena 93
al-Shayzari 205
Theodore Komnenos Doukas 71
270
I N D E X
Theodore of Antioch 44
Venetians 42, 64, 70
Theodore Skoutariotes 57
Vincent of Beauvais 148
Theophanes 137, 148
Vita Antonii 138
Thessalonika 69, 71
Vita Lunovici Regis VI (Suger) 139
Thierry of Flanders 92
Vita Machometi (Adelphus) 131, 136, 142
Third Crusade 61–2, 92, 96, 110, 120–2,
Vita Mahumeti (Embricon) 131, 136, 143
242, 248; medics 192–4; Muslim
vitae Machometi 139, 142–51
response 30–1; warfare 13, 16, 20–1
Thomas (medic) 193
Walter, Hubert 192–3, 240
Thompson, E. P. 1
Walter Sans-Avoir 124
Thomson, R. W. 85
Walter the Chancellor 197
Thoros II, Lord of the Mountains 92–3
warfare 2, 259; ideological 22–3 ( see
Tiberias 20
also Holy War; jihad); Latin states
Tinsley, David 141
17–21; Middle Eastern 13–17; naval
Tolan, John 132
17, 42, 238; Western European
Toledo 131, 167
9–12
Torquato Tasso 124
warhorses 10, 14
trade 13, 16, 28–9, 31, 249–50
Werder, Dietrich von der 124
treaty-making 27–8, 32–3, 35, 39–40,
Western attitudes to Byzantium 4–6, 61,
42–3, 61, 69, 110, 173, 231–2, 234,
65–6, 73, 118, 161, 167, 178–9, 261;
244, 247 see also ceasefires;
Alexios I 14, 56–8, 60, 70, 75, 162–6,
negotiations; peace
168–77, 180–1, 260; Manuel I 58–60,
The Trial of the Physician (Hunayn b.
64, 70, 92–3
Ishaq) 205
Western European warfare 9–12
tribute payments 233–4, 237, 242
Western inns 42
Tripoli 18, 32, 90, 96, 98, 118
Western medicine 190–6
Tughtekin, Zahir al-Din 32–4, 36
William IX, Duke of Aquitaine 120, 170
‘Turcopoles’ 19
William of Malmesbury 109
Turks 36, 38, 56–8, 66, 73, 85, 112, 118,
William of Tyre 22, 59, 88–9, 92–4, 112,
179; agreements with Byzantium 170,
123, 192–4, 199–200, 204, 234–7,
175, 180; armies of 13–15, 19, 22, 29,
242, 244, 246–7, 249
40; tactics of 9, 15–16
William the Conqueror 11–12, 19
Tyre 16, 18, 43
Winemer 117
Woodings, Ann F. 191
‘ Ulama 34–5
Wright, Chris 3, 261
unification of Muslim territories 234–5
Union of Lyon 65, 67, 73
Yaghra, Battle of 39
Unur, Mu’in al-Din 33, 37
Ya’qub, Muwaffaq al-Din 44
Urban II, Pope 5, 14, 22, 44, 56–7, 75,
al-Yunini 242
107–9, 114, 136, 139–40, 161–2,
165–7, 172, 175–81, 231
Zabel, daughter of Leon 95–7
Urban V, Pope 66–7
Zangi, ‘Imad al-Din 18, 22, 33, 38–9, 44,
Usama ibn Munqidh 201, 204, 245
92, 234, 237
271
Document Outline
BOOK COVER
TITLE
COPYRIGHT
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS
CONTRIBUTORS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
1 WARFARE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION IN THE AGE OF THE CRUSADES, 1095–1291
2 MUSLIM RESPONSES TO THE FRANKISH DOMINION IN THE NEAR EAST, 1098–1291
3 ON THE MARGINS OF CHRISTENDOM: The impact of the crusades on Byzantium
4 CONFLICT AND COHABITATION: Marriage and diplomacy between Latins and Cilician Armenians, c.1097–1253
5 NATIONAL IDENTITY, LANGUAGE AND CONFLICT IN THE CRUSADES TO THE HOLY LAND, 1096–1192
6 INIMICUS DEI ET SANCTAE CHRISTIANITATIS?: Saracens and their Prophet in twelfth-century crusade propaganda and western travesties of Muhammad’s life
7 THE IMPACT OF THE FIRST CRUSADE ON WESTERN OPINION TOWARDS THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE: The Dei Gesta per Francos of Guibert of Nogent and the Historia Hierosolymitana of Fulcher of Chartres
8 ORIENTAL AND OCCIDENTAL MEDICINE IN THE CRUSADER STATES
9 ARCHITECTURE OF THE CRUSADERS IN THE HOLY LAND: The first European colonial architecture?
10 PEACEMAKING: Perceptions and practices in the medieval Latin East
AFTERWORD
INDEX