Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist

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by Kate Raworth


  45. Jackson, T. and Webster, R. (2016) Limits Revisited: a review of the limits to growth debate, The All Party Parliamentary Group on Limits to Growth, Surrey: University of Surrey, available at: http://limits2growth.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Jackson-and-Webster-2016-Limits-Revisited.pdf

  46. Liu, E. and Hanauer, N. (2011) The Gardens of Democracy. Seattle: Sasquatch Books, pp. 11 and 87.

  47. Beinhocker, E. (2012) ‘New economics, policy and politics’, in Dolphin, T. and Nash, D. (eds), Complex New World. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, pp. 142–144.

  48. Ostrom, E. (2012) ‘Green from the grassroots’. Project Syndicate 12 June 2012. http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/green-from-the-grassroots

  49. Meadows, D. (1999) Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System. Hartland, VT: Sustainability Institute, p. 1. http://donellameadows.org/archives/leverage-points-places-to-intervene-in-a-system/

  50. Lovins, H. (2015) An Economy in Service to Life, available at: http://natcapsolutions.org/projects/an-economy-in-service-to-life/#.V3RD5ZMrLIE

  51. DeMartino, G. (2012) ‘Professional Economic Ethics: why heterodox economists should care’. Paper given at World Economic Association Conference, February–March 2012.

  52. DeMartino, G. (2011) The Economist’s Oath. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 142–150.

  53. Meadows, D. (2009) Thinking in Systems. London: Earthscan, pp. 169–170.

  5. Design to Distribute

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  2. Jiang, Y. et al. (2016) Basic Facts About Low-income Children. National Center for Children in Poverty, available at: http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_1145.html, and The Trussell Trust (2016) ‘Foodbank use remains at record high’, 15 April 2016, available at: https://www.trusselltrust.org/2016/04/15/foodbank-use-remains-record-high/

  3. Sumner, A. (2012) From Deprivation to Distribution: Is Global Poverty Becoming a Matter of National Inequality?’ IDS Working Paper no. 394., Sussex: IDS, available at: http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/Wp394.pdf

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  5. Kuznets, S. (1955) ‘Economic growth and income inequality’, American Economic Review, 45: 1, pp. 1–28.

  6. Kuznets, S. (1954) Letter to Selma Goldsmith, US Office of Business Economics, 15 August 1954, Papers of Simon Kuznets, Harvard University Archives, HUGFP88.10 Misc. Correspondence, Box 4. http://asociologist.com/2013/03/21/on-the-origins-of-the-kuznets-curve/

  7. Kuznets, S. (1955) ‘Economic growth and income inequality’, American Economic Review, 45: 1, pp. 1–28.

  8. Lewis, W. A. (1976) ‘Development and distribution’, in Cairncross, A. and Puri, M. (eds), Employment, Income Distribution, and Development Strategy: Problems of the Developing Countries. New York: Holmes & Meier, pp. 26–42.

  9. World Bank (1978) World Development Report, Washington, DC: World Bank, p. 33.

  10. Krueger, A. (2002) ‘Economic scene: when it comes to income inequality, more than just market forces are at work’, New York Times, 4 April 2002, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/04/business/economic-scene-when-it-comes-income-inequality-more-than-just-market-forces-are.html?_r=0

  11. Piketty, T. (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  12. Ostry, J. D. et al. (2014) Redistribution, inequality and growth. IMF Staff discussion note, February 2014, p. 5. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2014/sdn1402.pdf

  13. Quinn, J. and Hall, J. (2009) ‘Goldman Sachs vice-chairman says “learn to tolerate inequality” ’, Daily Telegraph 21 October 2009. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/recession/6392127/Goldman-Sachs-vice-chairman-says-Learn-to-tolerate-inequality.html

  14. Lucas, R. (2004) The Industrial Revolution: Past and Future, 2003 Annual Report Essay, The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, available at: https://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications/the-region/the-industrial-revolution-past-and-future

  15. Ossa, F. (2016) ‘The economist who brought you Thomas Piketty sees “perfect storm” of inequality ahead’, New York Magazine, 24 March 2016, available at: http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/03/milanovic-millennial-on-millennial-war-is-next.html

  16. Newsnight interview with Tony Blair and Jeremy Paxman, 4 June 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/newsnight/1372220.stm

  17. Wilkinson, R. and Pickett, K. (2009) The Spirit Level. London: Penguin.

  18. Wilkinson, R. and Pickett, K. (2014) ‘The Spirit Level authors: why society is more unequal than ever’, Guardian, 9 March 2014, available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/09/society-unequal-the-spirit-level

  19. West, D. (2014) Billionaires: Darrell West’s reflections on the Upper Crust. http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/brookings-now/posts/2014/10/watch-rural-dairy-farm-writing-billionaires-political-power-great-wealth

  20. Gore, A. (31 October 2013). ‘The Future: six drivers of global change’. Lecture given at the Oxford Martin School. http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/videos/view/317

  21. Islam, N. (2015) Inequality and Environmental Sustainability, UN DESA Working Paper no. 145 ST/ESA/2015/DWP/145, available at: http://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2015/wp145_2015.pdf

  22. Datta, Se. et al. (2015) ‘A behavioural approach to water conservation: evidence from a randomized evaluation in Costa Rica’, Ideas 42. http://www.ideas42.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Belen-Paper-Final.pdf and Ayres, I., Raseman, S. and Shih, A. (2009) Evidence from Two Large Field Experiments that Peer Comparison Can Reduce Residential Energy Usage, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 15386. http://www.nber.org/papers/w15386

  23. Boyce, J. K. et al. (1999) ‘Power distribution, the environment, and public health: a state-level analysis’, Ecological Economics 29, pp. 127–140.

  24. Holland, T. et al. (2009) ‘Inequality predicts biodiversity loss’, Conservation Biology 23: 5, pp. 1304–1313.

  25. Kumhof, M. and Rancière, R. (2010) Inequality, Leverage and Crises, IMF Working Paper WP/10/268, Washington, DC: IMF.

  26. Ostry, J. D. et al. (2014) Redistribution, inequality and growth. IMF Staff discussion note, February 2014. p. 5. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2014/sdn1402.pdf

  27. Ostry, J. (2014) ‘We do not have to live with the scourge of inequality’, Financial Times, 3 March 2014, available at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f551b3b0-a0b0-11e3-a72c-00144feab7de.html#axzz4AsgUK8pa

  28. Goerner, S. (2015) Regenerative Development: The Art and Science of Creating Durably Vibrant Human Networks, Connecticut: Capital Institute, available at: http://capitalinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/000-Regenerative-Devel-Final-Goerner-Sept-1-2015.pdf

  29. Goerner, S. et al. (2009) ‘Quantifying economic sustainability: implications for free-enterprise theory, policy and practice’, Ecological Economics 69, p. 79.

  30. The Asia Floor Wage, available at http://asia.floorwage.org/

  31. Pizzigati, S. (2004) Greed and Good. New York: Apex Press, pp. 479–502.

  32. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. http://www.nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx

  33. Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN) http://www.basicincome.org/

  34. Alperovitz, G. (2015) What Then Must We Do? White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, p. 26.

  35. Landesa, http://www.landesa.org/resources/suchitra-deys-story/

  36. ‘Educating the People’, Ottawa Free Trader, 7 August 1914, p. 3.

  37. Mill, J. S. (1848) Principles of Political Economy, Book V, Chapter II, 28, available at: http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlP.html

  38. George, H. (1879) Progress and Poverty, New York: Modern Library, Book VII, Chapter 1.

  39. Thompson, E.P. (1964) The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Ran
dom House, p. 218.

  40. Land Matrix, available at: www.landmatrix.org

  41. Pearce, F. (2016) Common Ground: securing land rights and safeguarding the earth. Oxford: Oxfam International.

  42. Ostrom, E. (2009) ‘A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems’, Science 325, p. 419.

  43. Ostrom, E. (2009) ‘Beyond markets and states: polycentric governance of complex economic systems’. Nobel Prize lecture, 8 December 2009. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2009/ostrom_lecture.pdf

  44. Ostrom, E., Janssen. M. and Anderies, J. (2007) ‘Going beyond panaceas’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 39, pp. 15176–15178.

  45. Greenham, T. (2012) ‘Money is a social relationship’ TEDx Leiden, 29 November 2012, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1pS1emZP6A

  46. Ryan-Collins, J. et al. (2012) Where Does Money Come From? London: New Economics Foundation.

  47. Bank of England Interactive Database, Table C, ‘Further analyses of deposits and lending’, series: ‘Industrial analysis of sterling monetary financial institutions lending to UK residents: long runs’, available at: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/iadb/index.asp?first=yes&SectionRequired=C&HideNums=-1&ExtraInfo=false&Travel=NIxSTx

  48. Hudson, M. and Bezemer, D. (2012) ‘Incorporating the rentier sectors into a financial model’, World Economic Review 1, p. 6.

  49. Benes, J. and Kumhof, M. (2012) The Chicago Plan Revisited. IMF Working Paper 12/202. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2012/wp12202.pdf

  50. Keynes, J. M. (1936) General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Chapter 24.

  51. Ryan-Collins, J. et al. (2013) Strategic Quantitative Easing: Stimulating Investment to Rebalance the Economy. London: New Economics Foundation.

  52. Blyth, M., Lonergan, E. and Wren-Lewis, S., ‘Now the Bank of England needs to deliver QE for the people’. Guardian, 21 May 2015.

  53. Murphy, R. and Hines, C. (2010) ‘Green quantitative easing: paying for the economy we need’, Norfolk: Finance for the Future, available at: http://www.financeforthefuture.com/GreenQuEasing.pdf

  54. Greenham, T. (2012) ‘Money is a social relationship’, TEDx Leiden, 29 November 2012, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1pS1emZP6A

  55. Grassroots Economics (2016), ‘Community currency’, available at: http://grassrootseconomics.org/community-currencies

  56. Ruddick, W. (2015) ‘Kangemi-Pesa Launch Prep & More Currency News’, Grassroots Economics, available at: http://www.grassrootseconomics.org/kangemi-pesa-launch-prep

  57. www.zeitvorsorge.ch/

  58. Strassheim, I. (2014) ‘Zeit statt Geld fürs Alter sparen’, Migros-Magazin, 1 September 2014. www.zeitvorsorge.ch/#!/DE/24/Medien.htm

  59. DEVCON1 (2016) Transactive Grid: a decentralized energy management system. Presentation at Ethereum Developer Conference, 9–13 November 2015, London, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq8RPbFz5UU

  60. Seaman, D. (2015) ‘Bitcoin vs. Ethereum explained for NOOBZ’, published 30 November 2015, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJKLFH8q5c

  61. Trades Union Congress (2012) The Great Wages Grab. London: TUC. https://www.tuc.org.uk/sites/default/files/tucfiles/TheGreatWagesGrab.pdf

  62. Mishel, L. and Shierholz, H. (2013) A Decade of Flat Wages. EPI Briefing Paper no. 365, Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute. http://www.epi.org/files/2013/BP365.pdf

  63. Miller, J. (2015) German wage repression, Dollars & Sense blog. September 2015. http://dollarsandsense.org/archives/2015/0915miller.html

  64. International Labour Organization (2014) Global Wage Report. Geneva: ILO. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/04/us-employment-wages-ilo-idUSKCN0JI2JP20141204

  65. Kelly, M. (2012) Owning our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, p. 18.

  66. International Cooperative Alliance (2014), World Cooperative Monitor. Geneva: ICA, available at: http://ica.coop/sites/default/files/attachments/WCM2014_print.pdf

  67. John Lewis (2011) The John Lewis Partnership Bond, available at: http://www.partnershipbond.com/content/jlbond/about.html

  68. Cited in Kelly, M. (2012) Owning our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, p. 12.

  69. Kelly, M. (2012) Owning our Future, p. 212.

  70. Rikfin, J. (2014) The Zero Marginal Cost Society. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 204.

  71. Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A. (2012) ‘Jobs, productivity and the Great Decoupling’, New York Times, 11 December. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/12/opinion/global/jobs-productivity-and-the-great-decoupling.html?_r=0

  72. Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A. (2015) ‘Will humans go the way of horses?’ Foreign Affairs, July/August. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-06-16/will-humans-go-way-horses

  73. World Economic Forum (2016) The Future of Jobs, available at: http://reports.weforum.org/future-of-jobs-2016/

  74. Zuo, M. (2016) ‘Rise of the robots: 60,000 workers culled from just one factory as China’s struggling electronics hub turns to artificial intelligence’, South China Morning Post, 21 May 2016, available at: http://www.scmp.com/news/china/economy/article/1949918/rise-robots-60000-workers-culled-just-one-factory-chinas

  75. Brynjolfsson, E. and McAfee, A. (2015) ‘Will humans go the way of horses?’ Foreign Affairs, July/August. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-06-16/will-humans-go-way-horses

  76. Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2015) ‘Will humans go the way of horses?’

  77. Mazzucato, M. (2013) The Entrepreneurial State. London: Anthem Press, pp. 188–91.

  78. M. Frumkin, (1945) ‘The origin of patents’, Journal of the Patent Office Society, 27: 3, p. 143.

  79. Schwartz, J. (2009) ‘Cancer patients challenge the patenting of a gene’, New York Times, 12 May, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/13/health/13patent.html

  80. Stiglitz, J. (2012) The Price of Inequality. London: Allen Lane, p. 202.

  81. The Open Building Institute, available at http://openbuildinginstitute.org/

  82. Jakubowski, M. (2012) ‘The Open Source Economy’. Talk given at Connecting For Change: Bioneers by the Bay conference, the Marion Institute, 28 October 2012, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIIzogiUHFY

  83. Pearce, J. (2015) ‘Quantifying the value of open source hardware development’, Modern Economy, 6, pp. 1–11.

  84. Bauwens, M. (2012) Blueprint for P2P Society: The Partner State and Ethical Society, http://www.shareable.net/blog/blueprint-for-p2p-society-the-partner-state-ethical-economy

  85. Lakner, C. and Milanovic, B. (2015) ‘Global income distribution: from the fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession’, The World Bank Economic Review, pp. 1–30.

  86. OECD (2014) Detailed Final 2013 Aid Figures Released by OECD/DAC. http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/final2013oda.htm

  87. OECD (2015) ‘Non-ODA flows to developing countries: remittances’, available at: http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/beyond-oda-remittances.htm

  88. Financial Inclusion Insights (2015) Kenya: Country Context. http://finclusion.org/country-pages/kenya-country-page/

  89. Statistica (2015) Mobile Phone User Penetration as a Percentage of the Population Worldwide, 2012 to 2018. http://www.statista.com/statistics/470018/mobile-phone-user-penetration-worldwide/

  90. Banerjee, A. et al. (2015) Debunking the Stereotype of the Lazy Welfare Recipient: Evidence from Cash Transfer Programs Worldwide. HKS Working Paper no. 76, available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2703447 and Gertler, P., Martinez, S. and Rubio-Codina, M. (2006) Investing Cash Transfers to Raise Long-term Living Standards.’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 3994, Washington, DC: World Bank, available at: http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/poverty/ie/dime_papers/1082.pdf

  91. Global Basic Income Foundation, What Is a Global Basic Income? http://www.globalincome.org/English/Global-Basic-Income.html

 
; 92. Faye, M. and Niehaus, P. (2016) ‘What if we just gave poor people a basic income for life? That’s what we are about to test’, Slate, 14 April 2016, available at: http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2016/04/14/universal_basic_income_this_nonprofit_is_about_to_test_it_in_a_big_way.html

  93. Hurun Global Rich List 2015. http://www.hurun.net/en/articleshow.aspx?nid=9607

  94. Seery, E. and Caistor Arendar, A. (2014) Even It Up: Time to End Extreme Inequality. Oxford: Oxfam International, p. 17.

  95. ICRICT (2015) Declaration of the Independent Commissions for the Reform of International Corporate Taxation. www.icrict.org

  96. Barnes, P. (2003) ‘Capitalism, the Commons and Divine Right’. 23rd Annual E.F. Schumacher Lectures, Schumacher Center for a New Economics, available at: http://www.centerforneweconomics.org/publications/lectures/barnes/peter/capitalism-the-commons-and-divine-right

  97. Barnes, P. (2006) Capitalism 3.0: A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons. Berkeley: Berrett-Koehler.

  98. Sheerin, J. (2009) ‘Malawi windmill boy with big fans’, BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8257153.stm

  99. Pearce, J. et al. (2012) ‘A new model for enabling innovation in appropriate technology for sustainable development’, Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 8: 2, pp. 42–53.

  100. Pearce, J. (2012) ‘The case for open source appropriate technology’, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 14: 3, p. 430.

  101. Kamkwamba, W. (2014) ‘Updates from the past two years’, 6 October 2014, William Kamkwamba’s blog, available at: http://williamkamkwamba.typepad.com/williamkamkwamba/2014/10/updates-from-the-last-two-years.html

  102. Personal email correspondence with William Kamkwamba, 19 October 2015.

  6. Create to Regenerate

  1. Mallet, V. (2013) ‘Environmental damage costs India $80bn a year’, Financial Times 17 July 2013, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0a89f3a8-eeca-11e2-98dd-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3qz7R0UIf

  2. Grossman, G. and Krueger, A. (1995) ‘Economic growth and the environment’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110: 2, pp. 353–377.

 

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