The Winter Road

by Kate Holden

  Chillingworth, Breanna, ‘Croppa Creek Killer Ian Robert Turnbull, Who Murdered Tamworth-Based Environment Officer Glen Turner, Dies in Sydney Hospital’, The Northern Daily Leader, 28 March 2017.

  ——, ‘Glen Turner and Robert Strange Recognised with Australian Bravery Awards After Fatal 2014 Croppa Creek Clash’, Port Macquarie News, 29 March 2018.

  ——, ‘Ian Robert Turnbull’s Widow Robeena Ordered to Pay Damages for Murder of Glendon Turner Near Moree in 2014’, Northern Daily Leader, 14 October 2020.

  Clarry, Sarah & Noon, Samantha, ‘Native Vegetation Laws – The Good, the Bad and the Farmers Making It Work’, The Farmer, October 2018.

  Cornwall, Deborah, ‘Bloody-Minded Path to Croppa Creek Killing’, The Australian, 16 December 2017.

  Cox, Lisa, ‘Five Countries Hold 70% of World’s Last Wildernesses, Map Reveals’, The Guardian, 1 November 2018.

  ——, ‘Land-clearing in NSW Rises Nearly 60% Since Laws Were Relaxed’, The Guardian, 2 July 2020.

  ——, ‘Federal Minister Gives Green Light for Koala Habitat to be Bulldozed for Port Stephens Quarry’, The Guardian, 27 October 2020.

  ——, ‘Australia Urged to Overhaul Environment Laws and Reverse “Decline of Our Iconic Places”’, The Guardian, 28 January 2021.

  ——, ‘“It’s An Ecological Wasteland”: Offsets for Sydney Toll Road Were Promised But Never Delivered’, The Guardian, 10 February 2021.

  Cranston, Matthew, ‘Grain Farm Could Bring Up to $200m’, FarmOnline National, 11 April 2014.

  ——, ‘Australia’s Largest Wheat Grower Sells to US Westchester’, Australian Financial Review, 5 September 2016.

  Crawford, Sarah, ‘Farmer Ian Turnbull “At Point of Despair” as He Shot Environment Officer’, The Daily Telegraph, 17 May 2016.

  Cubby, Ben, ‘Koala Habitats in Danger as Bushland Areas Are Bulldozed’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 12 October 2012.

  Davies, Anne, ‘Clearing of Native Vegetation in NSW Jumps 800% in Three Years’, The Guardian, 4 August 2018.

  ——, ‘Farmers Prosecuted for Land Clearing Allege Former NSW Minister Gave Them Green Light’, The Guardian, 18 October 2019.

  Dobney, Chris, ‘Calls for “Incompetent” Environment Minister Upton to Be Sacked’, Echonetdaily, 29 June 2018.

  Druce, Alex, ‘NSW Native Veg Details Revealed, Delays Expected’, The Land, 10 May 2017.

  ——, ‘NSW Farmers Talk Tough on Land Conservation Costs, Grassland Fears’, The Land, 18 July 2017.

  Ellicott, John & Brown, Jamie, ‘Hundreds of Prosecutions Still in Wings Under Old Veg Laws’, The Land, 5 July 2019.

  Feneley, Rick, ‘The Farmers’ Rights Tensions that Preceded Fatal Shooting of Environmental Officer Glen Turner’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 August 2014.

  Ferguson, Kathleen & Ingall, Jennifer, ‘Native Vegetation Act Amnesty Angers Partner of Slain Environment Officer Glen Turner’, ABC News, 2 August 2019.

  Foley, Mike, ‘Koala Wars: What Is Actually in the Law Threatening to Tear the Coalition Apart’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 10 September 2020.

  Gleeson-White, Jane, ‘It’s Only Natural: The Push to Give Rivers, Mountains and Forests Legal Rights’, The Guardian, 1 April 2018.

  Grear, Anna, ‘It’s Wrongheaded to Protect Nature with Human-Style Rights’, Aeon, 19 March 2019.

  Griffiths, Tom, ‘How Many Trees Make a Forest? Cultural Debates about Vegetation Change in Australia’, Australian Journal of Botany, vol. 50, no. 4, 2002, pp. 375–89.

  Guilliatt, Richard, ‘How A Row Over Land Clearing Left Compliance Officer Glen Turner Dead’, The Australian, 13 September 2014.

  Hall, Louise, ‘Ian Turnbull, Accused of Murdering Environmental Officer Glen Turner, Refused Bail’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 2 October 2014.

  ——, ‘Farmer Ian Turnbull Mentally Ill When He Shot Environmental Officer Glen Turner: Court’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 13 May 2016.

  Hannam, Peter, ‘Losing the Plot: How Native Vegetation Mapping Went Feral’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 15 January 2016.

  ——, ‘Murdered Environment Officer Glen Turner’s Family Seeks Delay for Land-clearing Code’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 3 August 2016.

  ——, ‘Land Clearing in NSW Accelerates with Almost Two-Thirds of It Unexplained’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 4 August 2016.

  ——, ‘“Too Complicated”: New Land-clearing Laws Hard to Enforce, OEH Staff Widow Says’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 November 2017.

  ——, ‘NSW Koala Habitat Lost as Land Clearing Continues: “It Would Take the Army to Police These Blokes”’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 6 August 2018.

  ——, ‘Fears Family Behind “Evil” Land-clearing Act Will Avoid Court Order’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 11 August 2019.

  ——, ‘Dust-up Looms as NSW Nationals Seek to Cut Environmental Oversight’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 29 July 2020.

  Hinchcliffe, Joseph, ‘Mystery Treasure Belonging to King Found at Moree’, The Border Mail, 12 May 2015.

  Hughes, Lesley, ‘The Milk of Human Genius’, The Monthly, March 2020.

  Hunjan, Raveen, ‘Proposed NSW Land-clearing, Biodiversity Laws Dealt Blow in Submissions’, ABC News, 21 September 2016.

  Kembrey, Melanie, ‘Killer Farmer Ian Turnbull Taken to Court by Son Over Alleged Farm Promises’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 July 2016.

  Kinbacher, Lucy, ‘When “Going Holistic” Helps You Through the Dry Times’, Moree Champion, 21 February 2017.

  King, Maddy, ‘NSW Koalas Set to Become Extinct by 2050, Inquiry Reveals’, ABC News, 30 June 2020.

  Koubaridis, Andrew, ‘Supreme Court Jury Finds Ian Turnbull Guilty of Murdering Glen Turner’, News.com.au, 27 May 2016.

  Lamacraft, Tim & Thomas, Kerrin, ‘Croppa Creek Land Clearing Resumes After Environment Officer Fatal Shooting, Footage Shows’, ABC News, 7 August 2014.

  Leonard, Sarah, ‘Nature as an Ally: An Interview with Wendell Berry’, Dissent, Spring 2012.

  Levy, Megan & Hall, Louise, ‘Elderly Man Charged with Murder of Environment and Heritage Worker Near Moree’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 July 2014.

  Lucas, Richard. M.; Clewley, Daniel; Accad, Arnon et al., ‘Mapping Forest Growth and Degradation Stage in the Brigalow Belt Bioregion of Australia Through Integration of ALOS PALSAR and Landsat-Derived Foliage Projective Cover Data’, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 155, December 2014, pp. 42–57.

  Lucy, Michael, ‘How Climate Change Is Driving Extreme Heatwaves’, Cosmos, No. 77, Summer 2018.

  Manning, Adrian D., ‘Scattered Trees are Keystone Structures – Implications for Conservation’, Biological Conservation, vol. 132, no. 3, October 2006, pp. 311–21.

  Martin, Paul & Hine, Donald W., ‘Using Behavioural Science to Improve Australia’s Environmental Regulation’, The Rangeland Journal, vol. 39, 2017, pp. 551–61.

  Martin, Sarah, ‘Nationals MPs Snub Launch of Farming Group’s Climate Change Report’, The Guardian, 16 September 2016.

  McQueen, Rob, ‘Homesickness for a Foreign Country: Nostalgia and Colonisation’, International Journal of Law in Context, vol. 6, no. 3, 25 August 2010, pp. 257–75.

  Monbiot, George, ‘The Destruction of the Earth Is a Crime. It Should Be Prosecuted’, The Guardian, 28 March 2019.

  Morton, Adam, ‘Letter by 240 Leading Scientists Calls on Scott Morrison to Stem Extinction Crisis’, The Guardian, 28 October 2019.

  ——, ‘Review of Federal Environment Laws Will Cut “Green Tape” and Speed Up Approvals’, The Guardian, 29 October 2019.

  Morton, Adam & Davies, Anne, ‘Australia Spends Billions Planting Trees – Then Wipes Out Carbon Gains by Bulldozing Them’, The Guardian, 17 October 2019.

  Nadolny, Chris, ‘The New Biodiversity Laws: The Return of Broadscale Clearing or New Opportunities for Conservation-Minded Landholders?’, in Armidale Tree Group Newsletter, vol. 3, February 2018, pp. 5–11.

  Nason, James, ‘Is There Any Money in Soil Carbon Projects? It Seems There Is Now’, Bee
f Central, 9 December 2016.

  No author, ‘Agriculture’ and ‘The Kamilaroi’, Moree Tourism, 2017, www.moreetourism.com.au

  No author, ‘Moree Shooting: The Reaction’, Moree Champion, 30 July 2014.

  No author, ‘Moree Shooting: Farmer Ian Turnbull Jailed for 35 Years for Murdering Environmental Officer’, ABC News, 23 June 2016.

  No author, ‘Farmers Thank Mike Baird,’ Western Magazine, 19 January 2017.

  No author, ‘Ian Turnbull Obituary’, Moree Champion, 11 April 2017.

  No author, ‘Saving Our Species Program’, New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, 20 January 2021, www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/threatened-species/saving-our-species-program

  No author, ‘Victim Impact Statements’, Victim Support Services, https://victimsupportservices.org/help-for-victims/victim-impact-statements/

  Olding, Rachel, ‘Tragic End to Disputes Over Illegal Land Clearing’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 July 2014.

  ——, ‘Police to Allege Glen Turner Gunned Down While Inspecting an Unrelated Site in Croppa Creek’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 August 2014.

  Pike, Ben, ‘Environmental Officer Glen Turner Gunned Down for Just Doing His Job: Wheat Farmer Ian Turnbull Charged with Murder’, The Daily Telegraph, 30 July 2014.

  ——, ‘Pushed Beyond Despair: Farmer Ian Turnbull’s Family Says Feud Over Trees Consumed Hardworking Man of the Land’, The Daily Telegraph, 31 July 2014.

  Pike, Ben & Godfrey, Miles, ‘Fresh Charges Laid Against Murder-accused Farmer Ian Turnbull’, The Daily Telegraph, 5 August 2014.

  Plumwood, Val, ‘Shadow Places and the Politics of Dwelling’, Australian Humanities Review, vol. 44, 2008, pp. 139–50.

  Pontin, Ben, ‘Environmental Law-Making Public Opinion in Victorian Britain: The Cross-currents of Bentham’s and Coleridge’s Ideas, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 34, no. 4, Winter 2014, pp. 759–90.

  Popova, Maria, ‘Pioneering Conservationist Mardy Murie on Nature, Human Nature, and the Wealth of the Wilderness’, Brain Pickings, no date.

  Richardson, Miles; Cormack, Adam; McRobert, Lucy et al., ‘30 Days Wild: Development and Evaluation of a Large-Scale Nature Engagement Campaign to Improve Well-Being’, PLoS ONE, vol. 2, no. 2, 18 February 2016.

  Rule, Susan; Brook, Barry; Haberle, Simon et al., ‘The Aftermath of Megafaunal Extinction: Ecosystem Transformation in Pleistocene Australia’, Science, vol. 335, no. 6075, pp. 1483–86.

  Schlesinger, Larry, ‘Nuveen Adds Moree Farms to $3.5b Global Agriculture Fund’, Australian Financial Review, 10 November 2019.

  Schwartz, Judith D., ‘Soil as Carbon Storehouse: New Weapon in Climate Fight?’, Yale Environment 360, 4 March 2014.

  Slezak, Michael, ‘NSW Farmers Member Quits Executive in Dispute Over Land Clearing’, The Guardian, 2 February 2016.

  ——, ‘Conservation Groups Storm Out of Consultations Over Land-clearing Law’, The Guardian, 19 February 2016.

  ——, ‘Koalas “Under Siege” from Policy Changes Set to Destroy Habitat, Report Finds’, The Guardian, 7 November 2016.

  ——, ‘Call for Inquiry After Nationals MP Urged Land-clearing Investigation Be Dropped’, The Guardian, 15 November 2016.

  ——, ‘Can Queensland Labor End Broadscale Land Clearing, As Promised?’, The Guardian, 12 March 2018.

  ——, ‘Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Familiar Patterns Behind Australia’s Land-clearing Crisis’, The Guardian, 14 March 2018.

  Symons, Mark, ‘Tree-Clearing Causing Queensland’s Greatest Animal Welfare Crisis’, WWF Australia, 6 September 2017.

  Tyson, Ross, ‘Moree Shooting: Croppa Creek Unites for Glen Turner’s Family’, Moree Champion, 30 July 2014.

  Vanclay, Frank, ‘Social Principles for Agricultural Extension to Assist in the Promotion of Natural Resource Management’, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 213–22.

  Vaughan, Adam, ‘Humans Have Destroyed a Tenth of Earth’s Wilderness in 25 Years – Study’, The Guardian, 9 September 2016.

  Vergotis, Paul, ‘Power to the People: What the Draft Biodiversity Conservation Bill 2016 Means for Developers and Landowners’, McCabe Curwood, 17 May 2016.

  Ward, Michelle; Simmonds, Jeremy & Reside, April et al., ‘Lots of Loss with Little Scrutiny: The Attrition of Habitat Critical for Threatened Species in Australia’, Conservation Science and Practice, 8 September 2019, https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/csp2.117

  Watts, Jonathan, ‘Latest Land Defender Murder Cements Mexico’s Deadly Reputation’, The Guardian, 27 October 2018.

  Wetherell, Rodney, ‘The “Original Greenie”: Dewar Wilson Goode AM, Grazier, Conservationist and Writer, 1.2.1907–28.6.2002’, Habitat Australia, vol. 30, no. 6, 2002, p. 24.

  Wharton, Jane, ‘Thirsty Koala Risks Life to Lick Rainwater Off Road in Fire-Ravaged Australia’, Metro, 18 January 2020.

  Books

  Atkinson, James, An Account of the State of Agriculture and Grazing in New South Wales, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1975 (facsimile edition 1826).

  Barr, Neil & Cary, John, Greening a Brown Land: The Australian Search for Sustainable Land Use, Macmillan Education Australia, Melbourne, 1992.

  Berry, Wendell in Kingsnorth, Paul (ed.), The World-Ending Fire: The Essential Wendell Berry, Penguin Books, Middlesex, 2017.

  Blomfield, Charles Edwin, Reminiscences of Early New England: Memoirs of a Pioneer, Southern Publishers, Bega, 1978.

  Bolton, Geoffrey, Spoils and Spoilers: A History of Australians Shaping Their Environment (second ed.), Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992.

  Bonyhady, Tim, The Colonial Earth, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2000.

  Boyce, Dean, Clarke of the Kindur: Convict, Bushranger, Explorer, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1970.

  Curthoys, Ann, ‘Mythologies’ in Richard Nile (ed.), The Australian Legend and Its Discontents, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 2000.

  Flannery, Tim, The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of The Australasian Lands and People, Reed Books, Melbourne, 1994.

  ——, Europe: A Natural History, Text Publishing, Melbourne, 2018.

  Frawley, Kevin, ‘Evolving Visions: Environmental Management and Nature Conservation in Australia’, in Pawson, Eric & Dovers, Stephen (eds), Australian Environmental History: Essays and Cases, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1994, pp. 55–78.

  Gascoigne, John with Curthoys, Patricia, The Enlightenment and the Origins of European Australia, Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2002.

  Gibson, Ross, Seven Versions of an Australian Badland, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 2002.

  Griffiths, Jay, Wild: An Elemental Journey, Hamish Hamilton, London, 2007.

  Haines, Robin F., Emigration and the Labouring Poor: Australian Recruitment in Britain and Ireland, 1831–60, Macmillan Press, Houndsmills and London, 1997.

  Korff, Jens, ‘Myall Creek Massacre (1838)’, Creative Spirits, 2017, available at www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/myall-creek-massacre-1838#axzz4q04fpEl5

  Lines, William J., Taming the Great South Land: A History of the Conquest of Nature in Australia, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1991.

  Locke, John, Second Treatise on Civil Government, Awnsham Churchill, London, 1869.

  Macfarlane, Robert, Mountains of the Mind: A History of a Fascination, Granta Books, London, 2003.

  Madden, Pat; Swinburn, Doug; Fuller, Shirley et al., And So the Story Goes: The Croppa Creek District, 1848–87, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 1987.

  Main, George, Heartland: The Regeneration of Rural Place, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, 2005.

  Maitland, Sara, Gossip from the Forest: The Tangled Roots of Our Forests and Fairytales, Granta, London, 2012.

  Massy, Charles, Call of the Reed Warbler: A New Agriculture, A New Earth, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 2017.

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to the Interior of Eastern Australia: With Descriptions of the Recently Explored Region of Australia Felix, and of the Present Colony of New South Wales, Vol. 1 (second ed.), 2004 (originally published 1838).

  ——, Journal of an Expedition Into the Interior of Tropical Australia In Search of a Route from Sydney to the Gulf of Carpentaria, 1848, available at http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks/e00034.html

  Muir, Cameron, The Broken Promise of Agricultural Progress: An Environmental History, Routledge, Melbourne, 2014.

  Nix, Henry, ‘The Brigalow’, in Pawson, Eric & Dovers, Stephen (eds), Australian Environmental History: Essays and Cases, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1994, pp. 198–233.

  Nixon, Rob, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts and London, 2011.

  Paine, Thomas, Agrarian Justice, 1795, available at www.cooperative-individualism.org/paine-thomas_agrarian-justice-01.htm

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  ——, How a Continent Created a Nation, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, 2007.

  Rolls, Eric, ‘More a New Planet Than a New Continent’, in Pawson, Eric & Dovers, Stephen (eds), Australian Environmental History: Essays and Cases, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1994, pp. 22–36.

  ——, A Million Wild Acres: 200 Years of Man and an Australian Forest, Hale & Iremonger, Sydney, 2011.

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  Stubbins, Ted & Smith, Paulette, The Myall Creek Massacre: Its History, Its Memorial and the Opening Ceremony, The Myall Creek Memorial Committee, Bingara, 2001.