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Index
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Page references in italic indicate images.
Adams, Gerry, 55; background of, 54–5, 94, 187, 359–60; and Dolours Price, 54–6, 71, 93, 287–8, 296–7, 318, 325–30, 350–1, 358, 365, 374–5; personality of, 55, 96, 186–7, 218, 228, 232, 240, 359–60; itinerant lifestyle of, 56, 97, 186, 255; avoidance of direct violence, 70–1, 228, 237; as ‘key strategist’ in IRA, 70–1, 188–90, 192–3, 228; and Brendan Hughes, 70–3, 71, 123–4, 150, 186–7, 189–90, 192, 236–7, 265–6, 305, 317; Catholicism of, 71, 187, 220; as ‘top IRA man’ in Belfast, 72, 93, 96, 229–30, 268, 269, 321–2, 358–9, 361; on MRF death list, 89; interrogation and imprisonment of (March 1972), 90–1, 92–3, 361; counter-interrogation techniques, 91, 361; released from Long Kesh (1972), 93, 229, 297; secret talks with government (July 1972), 93, 94, 95, 96, 229; marries Colette, 97; the ‘Unknowns’ answer directly to, 103, 274–5, 285, 350–1; and Four Square Laundry, 119, 120, 123, 359; arrest and interrogation of (July 1973), 123–4; in Long Kesh (1973–7), 124, 147, 186–90; and London bombings (8 March 1973), 129–30, 274, 322; embraces political strategy, 188–9, 192–3, 203, 218, 229, 232, 232–3, 272, 393–4; and the ‘long war’, 188–9, 192–3, 229; philosophy of the conflict, 188–90, 192–3, 203; articles in Republican News, 189, 230; released from Long Kesh (1977), 189–90; ‘reinventing’ of IRA, 190, 192–3; refusal to renounce violence, 193, 231, 233; on death of Sands, 207; MP for West Belfast (1983), 218, 221, 229, 232, 235; and Father Reid, 220, 226; and Milltown Cemetery murders (1988), 221–2; at funeral of Kevin Brady, 222–3; secret meeting with Hume (11 January 1988), 227–8; denials of IRA membership, 229–31, 237, 259, 268, 269, 274, 287, 297, 329–30, 361, 393; refashioning of persona, 229–32, 233, 253, 255, 393; paradox/ambiguity of emerging persona, 230, 253, 260, 272–3, 319, 363–4, 393, 394; calibrated sophistry of, 231, 247, 260, 297; and Brighton bombing (October 1984), 233–4; attempted murder of (spring 1984), 234–5, 310; sidelines Seamus Twomey, 239; Rea as voice-over for, 240; and disappeared issue, 246–7, 296–8, 325, 326–7, 358–9, 360–1, 365; visa to visit USA, 251; and London Docklands bombing (1996), 252; and Good Friday Agreement, 253–4, 261; speech at grave of Wolfe Tone (1998), 253–4; and Ed Moloney, 255; sell-out accusations against, 255, 261, 265, 268, 269, 325; ‘They haven’t gone away, you know’ soundbite, 260, 363; ignorance of Belfast Project, 262; Brendan Hughes’ break with, 263, 265–6, 267–70, 297, 317; and moral responsibility, 268–9, 297, 329–30, 396; as free of painful introspection, 269, 330, 396; and prolongation of H block hunger strikes, 271–3, 318–19; and abduction/murder of McConville, 275, 284–5, 296–7, 322, 328, 337, 350–1, 365, 374–5; on informers, 276, 307; Price’s contempt for, 287, 288; meetings with the McConvilles, 297; at Hughes’ funeral, 317–18; and O’Rawe’s Blanketmen, 319; reacts to Voices from the Grave, 322; refers to ‘trauma’ suffered by Hughes and Price, 322, 329–30; and Lynskey’s disappearance, 325, 326–7, 328, 359; arr
ested in relation to McConville case, 352, 357–9, 360–2; sexual abuse allegations in family of, 359–60, 362; Sinn Féin’s fortunes tied to, 361–3; dismisses Villiers report (2015), 369; Ivor Bell’s plot against, 372; McConville case dropped by prosecutors, 375, 385; McConville family’s civil suit against, 385; alleged job-offer to McConville shooter, 389, 390–1, 392; retirement of, 392–3; Twitter account, 393; on ‘outbreeding strategy’, 394; on implications of Brexit, 395
Adams, Liam, 359–60, 362
American Civil Liberties Union, 343
Angleton, James Jesus, 304, 305
Angry Brigade, 150–1
anorexia, 200–1, 204, 205, 206–7, 209, 210
Argentina, 291
Armagh jail, 197–200, 199, 204–5
Armstrong, Charlie, 291
Armstrong, William, 130
Atkins, Humphrey, 200, 203–4, 209
Azimkar, Patrick, 353–4
Barnes, Ciarán, 328–9, 343
BBC, 107–8
Behan, Brendan, 41
Belfast: Divis Flats, West Belfast, 5–8, 32–3, 34–5, 36–7, 59–60, 62, 107–12, 181, 264–7, 314, 331–4; Andersonstown, 9, 42; Shankill Road, 17, 28, 40; geography of, 25, 42; Harland & Wolff shipyard, 25–6; Luftwaffe bombing of (1941), 26; ethnic geography of, 27, 28–30, 40; outbreak of rioting (summer 1969), 28–31; relocations of Catholic population, 30, 31, 41, 60; modernist redevelopment, 32–3; Falls Road curfew (July 1970), 35–6; Falls Road, 40, 42, 64; ‘peace walls’, 40, 369–70; St Mary’s Teacher Training College, 43; Bloody Friday (July 1972), 98–9, 128–9, 231, 267, 268; unlicensed drinking clubs, 99–101; McConville children alone at St Jude’s Walk, 107–12; Nazareth Lodge orphanage, 181–2, 184; Musgrave Park Hospital, 206–7; Clonard Monastery, 219–21, 227–8; Sinn Féin headquarters on Falls Road, 230; Deanes restaurant, 257, 258; Boston College Touts graffiti, 364, 364–5; bustling centre of, 370
Belfast Project: setting up of, 254–8; absolute secrecy, 258, 260–1, 318, 324, 344; and loyalist paramilitaries, 258, 321, 323, 338, 340, 380; interviews, 261, 262–3, 267–75, 283–5, 288–9, 297, 318, 328–9; McIntyre’s record-keeping, 262–3, 345, 373–4; Dolours Price interviews, 288–9, 328–9, 345–52, 358, 361, 365, 387–8, 389–90; Moloney’s Voices from the Grave, 321–4; secret of revealed, 321–4; Sinn Féin’s reaction to, 322; Morrison requests access to tapes, 322–3; ambiguity in conception of, 323–4; history department’s view of, 323–4, 344–5; and Barnes’ Sunday Life article, 328–9; PSNI subpoena, 337, 338–45, 379–80, 381–2; legal status of confidentiality agreements, 340–1; Big Bobby’s threat to interviewees, 364; ‘Boston College Touts’ graffiti, 364, 364–5; Boston College loses forms, 373–4; Ivor Bell’s interview, 373–4; McIntyre’s own oral history tape, 381–2
Bell, Ivor, 93, 94, 284, 357, 365, 371–4, 375, 385
Bew, Paul, 254, 256, 257, 258
Blair, Tony, 252
Bloody Sunday (January 1972), 56–7, 135, 259, 378
Blyth, Ian, 171
‘bog people’, 299
Boston College, USA, 1–2, 254–5, 256–8, 260–1, 262, 267, 321, 344, 387; Burns Library, 1–2, 254–5, 256–8, 262, 328–9, 344, 346, 351; Morrison requests access to tapes, 322–3; history department’s view of Project, 323–4, 344–5; ignorance of Belfast Project’s existence, 323–4; and Barnes’ Sunday Life article, 328–9; PSNI subpoena, 337, 338–45, 379–80, 381–2; gives Brendan Hughes interviews to PSNI, 341, 342; gives McConville material to PSNI, 351–2; loss of Belfast Project forms, 373–4
Boston Globe, 339
Boutcher, Jon, 376–7
Bradley, Gerry, 321
Brady, Ian, 290–1
Brady, Kevin, 222–3
Brady, Martin, 132, 133
Brexit (2016), 395
British Army: arrival in Northern Ireland (1969), 33; at top of Divis Tower, 33, 264; gun battles with Catholic snipers, 34; patrols in Belfast, 34; use of tear gas, 35, 36, 79; Falls Road curfew (July 1970), 35–6; behaviour towards Catholics, 35–7; clandestine observation posts in Belfast, 37–8, 73; soldiers murdered by paramilitaries, 41, 56; attacks on IRA members, 65–6, 68, 73; killing of ‘Big Joe’ McCann, 65–6; surge in troop numbers in Northern Ireland, 78; nature of Northern Ireland deployment, 78–9; 39 Airportable Brigade, 79; Hughes wiretaps headquarters of, 162–3; Gibraltar shootings (6 March 1988), 219, 221; handheld radios, 283, 331, 332–3, 333, 334–5; collusion with loyalist paramilitaries, 308–12, 378
Brixton Prison, 159, 165–6, 167–74, 210–11
Brockway, Fenner, 198–9, 200, 204–6
Brown, James, rescue from hospital, 53–4, 55–6
Bunting, Ronald, 17–19, 20, 22, 24, 135
Bunting, Ronnie, 18–19
burial rites, 291
Burntollet Bridge ambush (January 1969), 22–4, 23, 43, 135, 151, 347
Bush, George W., 86
Cahill, Tom, 123
Cameron, David, 312
Campbell, Trevor, 276–81, 282, 301, 333
car bombs, 127–8, 129, 131–4, 154
Castlereagh interrogation center, 52–3, 278, 301–3, 307, 363
child abuse, 182–4, 359–60, 362, 384
Chile, 291
Clinton, Bill, 251–2, 253, 296
Clinton, Hillary, 343
Collins, Eamon, 322
Coogan, Tim Pat, 206
Corden-Lloyd, Ian, 104
Corrigan, Peter, 373, 374, 375
counter-insurgency: Kitson in Kenya, 74–7, 116, 117, 347; ‘counter-gang’ concept, 76, 116–18, 276; Low Intensity Operations (Kitson), 77–8, 79, 85–6, 88; lack of solid intelligence on IRA, 79, 80, 88; brutal treatment of IRA detainees, 83–6; Hooded Men, 83–6; ‘interrogation in depth’ techniques, 84–6; cultivation of sources in paramilitaries, 114–18, 276–81; British moulding of leaderships, 268; Force Research Unit (FRU), 310, 311–12; see also informers (touts); intelligence and espionage; MRF
The Crying Game (Neil Jordan film, 1992), 241
Cuba, 265, 317
Cumann na mBan, 10–11, 45–6, 50
Curtis, Elizabeth, 127–8
Cyprus, 77
Daily Mirror, 153–4
Deane, Seamus, 214
Derry: Guildhall, 20, 135, 214, 251–2; siege of (1689), 21, 28; Apprentice Boys marches, 28; Battle of the Bogside (1969), 28; Bloody Sunday (January 1972), 56–7, 135, 259, 378; Bill Clinton speech in (1995), 251–2
Devlin, Bernadette, 23, 171, 367
the disappeared: trauma suffered by families, 107–12, 245–7, 291, 298–9, 385; lack of police investigation, 110; gossip and rumours, 111, 121, 245, 294; act of disappearing as crime against humanity, 111–12; blue ribbons as symbols of remembrance, 244, 246; Linen Hall Library press conference (2005), 244, 246; families’ desire for grave to go to, 245, 291, 292, 296; families push for answers, 245–7; and Father Reid, 246; Gerry Adams’ response to issue, 246–7, 296–7, 325, 326–7, 358–9, 360–1, 365; and Sinn Féin, 247, 296–7; Gerry Adams’ involvement in McConville case, 275, 284–5, 296–7, 322, 328, 337, 350–1, 365, 374–5; Provisional leadership’s decision-making over, 283–5, 360–1; list of names, 291; Independent Commission for the Location of Victims’ Remains, 291–6, 313, 327–8, 382–3; search for bodies of, 291–9, 300, 313, 382–3; and members of the clergy, 292–3; Provisional IRA response to issue, 294–5, 296–7, 298, 325; Gerry Adams and, 296–7, 325, 326–7, 328, 359, 361; Wave (‘cross-community’ trauma center), 298; Morris’ article on, 326–8, 329, 341, 346; see also Lynskey, Joe; McConville, Jean
Dolan, Bridie, 12–13, 45, 131, 180, 288, 346–7
Dolan, Granny, 10, 45, 346–7
Donaldson, Denis, 303, 307
Dorfman, Ariel, 291
Dublin: British embassy set fire to (February 1972), 57; Dolours Price moves to, 209–10; Sinn Féin headquarters on Parnell Square, 238–9; Abbey Theatre, 383–4
the Dubliners, 173
Dundalk, 72, 73, 99, 161, 349–50
Durham Prison, 179
Easter Rising (April 1916), 11–12, 48
Elizabeth II, Queen, visit to Ireland (May 2011), 355–6
Enniskillen bombing (November 1987), 227
Ervine, David, 321
European Court of Human Rights, 86
Evans, Gerard, 291
Farrar-Hockley, Anthony, 84
Farrell, Mairéad, 219, 221
Feeney, Brian, 321
Feeney, Hugh, 48–9, 104, 130–1, 132, 134–5, 136, 388; arrested at Heathrow, 139–40; in custody after London bombings, 145; trial at Winchester Castle, 154, 158, 159; hunger strike, 166, 168, 173, 179; at funeral of Dolours Price, 366
Fenton, Joe, 305
Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election (1981), 202–3, 218, 271–2
Field Day theatre company, 213–15
Finney, Albert, 135
Finucane, Pat, 310–11
Flags and Emblems Act, 12
Force Research Unit (FRU), 310, 311–12
Four Square Laundry, 113–14, 119, 120, 123, 359
Free Wales Army, 40
Friel, Brian: The Freedom of the City, 135–6; and Field Day, 213–14; Translations, 214
Game of Thrones (television show), 370
Garland, John, 313
Gaughan, Michael, 178
Gibraltar shootings (6 March 1988), 219, 221
Good Friday Agreement (April 1998), 253, 254; absence of mechanism for dealing with the past, 258–9, 312, 375, 377–9; ‘power sharing’ arrangement, 259; Brendan Hughes’ hatred of, 265, 267–70; Dolours Price’s hatred of, 285, 286–8, 354; clauses on criminal justice, 312; implications of Brexit, 395
Graham, Mark, 147
Great Famine (nineteenth century), 168–9
Green, John Francis, 147
Guevara, Che, 16, 17, 77, 265, 317
Haass, Richard, 370
Hachey, Tom, 260, 321, 324, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344
Hamilton, Mark, 376
Harris, Drew, 375
Heaney, Seamus, 214, 251–2, 299; ‘Whatever You Say, Say Nothing’, 259
Hearst, Patty, 50
Heenan, Mary, 378