1942: The Year That Tried Men's Souls
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Prange, Gordon W. At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor. New York, 1982.
_________, with Donald M. Goldstein and Katherine V. Dillon. Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History. New York, 1986.
Pyle, Ernie. Here Is Your War. New York, 1943.
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Reynolds, Clark G. America at War 1941–1945: The Home Front. New York, 1990.
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Robson, R. W. The Pacific Island Handbook 1944. New York, 1945.
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Schultz, Duane. The Doolittle Raid: America’s First Strike Against the Heart of Imperial Japan. New York, 1988.
Sherwood, Robert E. Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History. New York, 1948.
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Index
Abe, Hiroaki, 331
Abe, Koso, 290
Abucay Line, 146
Acuff, Roy, 305n
Adams, Dr., 166
African invasions, 196, 347–55, 377–87. See also Tunisia
Afrika Korps, 377–81, 394, 395
Ahrens, John, 277
Air Force, U.S., 316
aircraft carriers, U.S., 69n. See also specific carriers
Akagi (aircraft carrier), 62, 83, 226, 228, 229, 231, 234, 235, 237–40
Alam Haifa Ridge battle, 378–80
Aleutian Islands, 217, 219, 220, 224–26, 242
Algeria, 348, 349, 353, 354, 383
Alsace-Lorraine provinces, 7–8
America First Committee, 33
America First meeting, final, 87
America First movement, 33–34, 99
Aoba (cruiser), 272
Arabs, 383–85
Arizona (battleship), 75–78, 410
arms-limitation treaties. See naval arms-limitation treaties; Versailles Treaty
Arnold, Henry (“Hap”), 131, 169, 170, 172, 193–94
Astoria, 272, 274
Atlanta (cruiser), 330
Atlantic, Battle of the, 372–74
Atlantic Charter, 44–45
atomic energy and atomic bomb, 30–31, 397–98
Attlee, Clement, 8–9
Augusta (cruiser), 352
Ault, William B., 204
Australia, 132, 154, 257, 260, 263, 309–10
Australia (cruiser), 270, 272
Axis powers. See also specific topics
demand for “unconditional surrender” from, 391–92, 396–98
inevitable defeat of, 393, 413–15
leaders, x
B-17s, 91, 94, 129–31, 154, 168, 375
B-25s, 188–89
BagacLine, 146, 151, 152
Baldwin, Hanson, 308, 323
Bankhead, John, 165
“Banzai”/banzai charges, 145–46, 239, 304, 326, 398
barrage balloons, 91
Bat Out of Hell, 187–88
Bataan, 133, 137, 138, 140, 141, 143–49, 152, 175–76
King’s surrender at, 176–79
Bataan Death March, 177–82, 356, 399, 408
bats used to carry incendiary bombs, 166
Battleship Row, 76, 81
Bauer, Harold W. (“Joe”), 292–94
Bennion, Mervyn, 78
Birdville housing, 164n
Bismarck Sea, Battle of the, 345–46
black and white soldiers, tension between, 165
Black Chamber, 38–39
Blitzkrieg, 14
Bloch, Claude C., 72–73
blockade-running scheme, 149
Bloody Ridge, 304, 307, 308, 326, 327
Blue (destroyer), 270, 271
Blundon, Joseph, 287, 288
bomb-plot message, 89
Brand, Max, 294–95
Bratton, Rufus, 61–62, 66–68, 92
Brereton, Lewis, 129, 131
Brett, George, 316
Britain, 347. See also specific topics
failure to stop Hitler early on, 4, 8–9. See also under Churchill
French relations with, 350–51
March 1942 agreement with U.S., 196
U.S. aid to, 32–33
U.S. “lifeline” to, 373
Britain, Battle of, 15
British Mediterranean fleet, 36, 37
Brooklyn (cruiser), 352
Brousse, Charles, 247–48
Brown, Cecil, 117–18
Brown, Robert, 408–10
Browning, Miles, 232
Buckmaster, Elliott, 241, 244
Bulkeley, John D., 153, 154
Buna, 341–45
Burma, 127, 366
importance to Japanese and Allies, 366–67
Burma Road, 367–68
Cabanatuan. See Camp Cabanatuan
California, Japanese immigrants in, 20. See also internment camps; Japanese Americans
California (battleship), 77, 217
Callaghan, Daniel, 328–30
Camp Caba
natuan, 138, 356–65, 406
Camp O’Donnell, 181–83, 356, 359
Camp Pendleton, California, 306
Canberra, 271, 274
cannibalism, Japanese, 343
Cape Esperance, 338
Cape Matapan, Battle of, 37
Carlson, Evans, 288, 289
Casablanca, 347, 349, 351–53, 388, 390
Casablanca Conference, 387–91, 393
Cat Island, 166, 167
Central America, 28
Chamberlain, Neville, 13, 14, 48
Champlin, Malcolm, 143n
Chiang Kai-shek, 193, 367, 368, 402
Chicago, 271, 274
China, 171, 402
Japanese fighting with and invasion of, 26–28, 32, 43, 48, 51, 52, 112, 367–72. See also Rape of Nanking
landing fields, 189–91
U.S. aid to, 31, 32, 368
China Clippers, Pan Am, 102–4
Chinese, Japanese brutality against, 26–27, 55, 178, 193
Chinese Americans, 159
Chokai (flagship), 272
Christmas 1941, 120–23, 138–40
Christmas 1942, 337–38, 386
Chungking, 43, 189, 193, 368
Churchill, Winston, 35, 119
background, 11–12
Casablanca Conference and, 387
elected prime minister, 15
on France, 390–91
India and, 297
on North African invasion, 122, 347
not reelected, 401
Roosevelt’s meetings with, 44, 122–23, 390–91
on Singapore, 125
speeches, 123, 124
warnings about Hitler regime, 8, 11–13, 15
Civil Air Patrol, 161
Clark, Mark, 349, 351
Clark Field, 129, 130
Clemens, Martin, 280–83
Clifton, George H., 379
ClubTsubaki, 360–62
code breaking. See also MAGIC system
of Italian naval code, 247
of Japanese code, 38–41, 62–63, 216–19, 197–98, 246, 401
of Vichy French naval code, 247–49
“code talkers,” Navajo, 306
Conger, Jack, 293–94
conspiracy theories, 95–96
Convoy PQ-17, 373–74
Cook, Charles, 182–83
Cook, James, 70n
Coral Sea, 197, 199, 257, 310
Coral Sea Battle, 199–202, 205, 219, 220, 224, 220, 257n
costs, casualties, and ramifications, 205–6
Corregidor, 140, 149–50, 176, 177
artillery guarding the south, 144
bombing of, 149, 150, 206–9, 212
drinking water in, 209
Japanese invasion of, 210–13
MacArthurin, 140, 145, 151, 153
Coughlin, Charles E., 34, 35
Crutchley, V. A. C., 270
cryptology. See code breaking
Cunningham, Winfield Scott, 109–11 249
Cynthia. See Thorpe, Amy Elizabeth (“Cynthia”)
Czechoslovakia, 12–13
D-day, 352, 403
Dakar, 350
Danzig, 14n114
Darlan, François, 354
Dasch, John, 253, 254
Davenport, Dean, 190–91
de Gaulle, Charles, 390, 402
Death Marches, 177–81; 408. See also Bataan Death March
death ray, 166
Death Ships, 407
Del Monte pineapple plantation, 154
Devereux, James P. S., 103–11
disease, 147, 148, 164, 250, 299, 312, 335, 341, 356, 364, 372, 407, 408. See also Death Marches
Dixon, Robert E., 201
Dog Army, 166–68
Donald Duck Navy, 295
Dönitz, Karl, 160, 161, 373
Doolittle, James H., 171, 172
after the war, 403–4
Arnoldand, 169–70, 172, 193–94
background and overview, 169–70
bombers, 188, 189, 192, 404
Medal of Honor awarded to, 194
Tokyo raid, 185–88, 191, 193, 197, 198
Doorman, K. W. F. M., 174
Duke of York (battleship), 122
Dutch Harbor, 225, 242
Dutch possessions, 43
Earle, Mrs. John B., 76
Edson, Merritt, 301–5
Edwards, Daniel, 343–44
Efate, 292
Egypt, 348, 377
Eichelberger, Robert, 341–45
Eighth Air Force, U.S., 403
Einstein, Albert, 30
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 353–54, 387, 403
Eisenhower, Milton, 160
El Alamein, 396
Elrod, “Hammering Hank,” 106
Empire (Cities Service oil tanker), 162
England. See Britain
Enterprise, U.S.S., (aircraft carrier), 87, 170–71, 199, 241, 261, 291. See also under Halsey
espionage, 60, 252–53, 363. See also Thorpe
Exclusion Act, 23
Faust, Frederick, 294n
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 159n, 253
Fighter Squadron 292, 294n
Fiji Islands, 263
Filipino Americans, 159
Fillmore, Millard, 17
films, anti-Axis, 255–56
First Battle of Bataan, 144–45
Fleming, Peter, 339n
Fletcher, Frank Jack
at admirals’ meeting, 329
bombing Japanese installations atTulagi, 260
Coral Sea Battle and, 205, 221
Guadalcanal and, 263–64, 268
Midway operation led by, 232
Nagumo and, 243
Task Force 107–9, 199–202
on Yorktown, 240
food supply and starvation, 148, 250, 407. See also Death Marches; prisoner of war (POW) camps
“forgotten war,” 366
Formosa, 129, 402
France
British relations with, 350–51
failure to stop Hitler early on, 8
proposed Allied invasion of, 347
surrender, 15
Free French, 390
French Frigate Shoals, 221n
French Indochina, 42
French military and North African
invasion, 349–54
Friedman, William F., 38–41
Fuchida, Mitsuo
after the war, 399–400
escaped prosecution, 399–400
Midway operation and, 226–28, 231, 234–35, 238, 239, 246
Pearl Harbor and, 71, 73–75, 83–84
Gandhi, Mohandas, 366
gas gangrene, 148
Gay, George, 236, 245
Genda, Minoru, 70, 83, 227
Geneva Convention, 184, 289
“gentleman’s agreement,” 21
German Americans, 158
German honor, 2
Germany. See also specific topics
destruction of, 396
motivations for instigating World War II, 1–2
Germany First doctrine, 346–47
“Germany first” policy, 138
Ghormley, Robert L., 264, 303, 329
Gin Drinkers, 120
Giraud, Henri, 390, 402
Goettge, Frank B., 281
Goettge Raid, 278–79
Gona, 344–45
Great Depression, 10, 54, 164
Great Sea Battle, notion of, 321
Great White Fleet, 21
Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere, 44, 259
Green Hell, 313
Grew, Joseph, 189
Griffith II, Samuel B., 262
Groom, Mrs. See Knudsen Groom, Mrs.
Grumman F4F Wildcat fighter planes, 106–8, 292. See also Wildcat fighter planes
Guadalcanal, 265
after the war, 405
first Japanese attempt to retake, 281–86
history, 258
as Island of Death, 335
Japanese mission to forestall U.S invasion of, 274
proposed evacuation, 336
Guadalcanal, Battle of, 335
casualties and final tally, 338–39
closing of, as sealing Japan’s doom, 340
Fletcher and, 261, 263–64, 268
importance, 339
Japanese troops, 334–35, 338
transport and supply of, 321, 323
naval, 328
relics of, 410
Roosevelt on, 323–24
Turner and, 264, 268, 275, 308, 315
two sections of Allied force in, 270
U.S. invasion, 260–74, 277–95, 298–309, 311, 315–18 324–34
arrival of American warplanes, 286
lack of opposition from Japanese, 267–69
Vandegrift and, 279, 286, 301, 305, 328, 403
why U.S. won, 339
Guam, 282
Halsey, William F. (“Bull”), 315
after the war, 405
background, 21
as commander of South Pacific, 315
Enterprise task force, 187, 220, 232
Guadalcanal and, 327, 328
Japanese and, 21
Nimitz and, 219
Hamby, Private, 151
Hammann (destroyer), 244
Harmon, Millard F. (“Miff”), 172
Hart, Thomas, 128, 139, 173
Hawaiian Islands, 70n
Helena (cruiser), 329
Henderson, Lofton, 287
Henderson Field, 293, 315, 324, 327
bombing and shelling, 317, 328, 334
modernization and urbanization, 336
surrender of, 325
U.S. pilots of, 339
Hersey, John, 319
Hewitt, Kent, 353
Hibbs, Ralph E., 357
Hiei (battleship), 330–32
Hirohito, Emperor, 193, 399
Hiryu (aircraft carrier), 237, 239–43
Hitler, Adolf, 12–16, 380–81
background, 7
declaration of war against U.S., 99
doctrine of lebensraum (living space), 8
Germany’s defeat and, 396
Mussolini compared with, 6
Mussolini’s negotiations with, 7
personality, 5
rearming of Germany, 4, 8
speeches, propaganda, and false promises, 7, 12
Stalin, Soviet Union, and, 16
Hollywood, 255–56
Holocaust, 5
Holt, Thaddeus, 348n
Homma, Masaharu
convicted of war crimes, 399
Philippines and, 143–45, 152
army in lower Bataan, 178
attack on Corregidor, 211
capture of Manila, 144
Tsuji and, 184
Wainwright and, 212–13
Hong Kong, 120–21, 126
Hoover, J. Edgar, 159n
Hopkins, Harry, 82, 324, 401
Hopkins, Robert, 389
Hornet (aircraft carrier), 199, 227, 233, 242