Outpost: Life on the Frontlines of American Diplomacy: A Memoir

by Christopher R. Hill

  issued a news release questioning my qualifications: http://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=fcc1fcc3-802a-23ad-4420-7c7e728928fb.

  “lied to the Senate”: https://votesmart.org/public-statement/412493/brownback-disappointed-by-nomination-of-chris-hill-to-serve-as-ambassador-to-iraq#.Uky__r-E7ww.

  Dick Cheney was John King’s guest: CNN Late Edition, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0903/15/sotu.01.html.

  an impassioned plea to the Senate to confirm me: http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/03/18/top_brass_disturbed_by_gop_stalling_of_iraq_ambassador.

  Senator Kerry was energetic and generous in his support: http://votesmart.org/public-statement/419169/nomination-of-christopher-r-hill-to-be-ambassador-to-iraq-continued#.UkzNPr-E7ww.

  Chapter 22: The Longest Day

  A company called First Kuwaiti: First Kuwait was the prime contractor of a project that became fodder for much that was wrong in Iraq. http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2007/10/18/20676/criminal-probe-into-us-embassy.html.

  Peruvian contract guards in brown uniforms: Most worked as subcontractors for a company called Triple Canopy, one of several private military contractors, the best known of which was Blackwater. For a general discussion on the phenomenon see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_military_company.

  the arrival of Secretary Clinton: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/hillary-clinton-visit-iraq-secretary-state-iraq-track-article-1.359990. Clinton never returned to Baghdad. Part of the reason she did not return was that soon thereafter, President Obama asked Vice President Biden to oversee efforts in Iraq. Nonetheless, many argued that as holder of the State Department’s largest post, she should have made an appearance there.

  Chapter 23: Winding Down the War

  audience of marines at Camp Lejeune: President Barack Obama, “Responsibility for Ending the War,” Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, February 27, 2009.

  “The surge was my idea”: The success of the surge had many fathers, Petraeus among them. Wikipedia has a good summary of it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007.

  “America doesn’t deserve its military”: Alissa J. Rubin, “In Iraq, a Blunt Civilian Is a Fixture by the General’s Side,” New York Times, November 20, 2009.

  Terry Barnich: “U.S. officials: Roadside bomb kills3 in Fallujah,” http://USAToday30.usatoday.com/news/world/Iraq/2009-05-26-iraq-bomb_N.htm.

  announced that Vice President Biden would take on: http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2009/06/obama-gives-biden-iraq-assignment/.

  bomb that had devastated the Foreign Ministry building: http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009/0824/p06s01-wome.html.

  approved an election law: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/07/world/middleeast/07iraq.html?_r=0.

  “It is difficult for any major oil company not to be in Iraq”: A French oil executive quoted in “U.S. Companies Shut Out as Iraq Auctions Its Oil Fields,” Time, December 19, 2009.

  Index

  Abramowitz, Mort, 130

  Accountability and Justice Commission, 377

  activation order (ACTORD), 142–43

  Adair, Marshall, 96

  Adeeb, Ali al-, 386

  Adelman, Carol, 47, 50–51

  Afghanistan, 38, 297, 301

  Holbrooke on, 389–91

  New Zealand in, 269, 271

  Polish offer of forces for, 187, 188

  Soviet invasion of, 34

  war in, 194, 199, 204, 211, 269, 363, 382–83

  Afghan War, 194, 347

  AFL-CIO, 41

  Africa, 15

  Agani, Fehmi, 128, 135

  Agency for International Development, U.S. (USAID), 46, 47, 50–51, 335, 336

  Agreed Framework, 205, 245, 292

  Agreed Principles, 91, 93, 102, 222

  Ahn Chanmo, 190–91

  Albania, 7, 45–51, 79, 97, 121, 122–23, 136, 167, 168, 316, 317, 320

  Albanian Foreign Ministry, 46

  Albanians, 107–8, 131, 147, 159, 177, 373

  in Kosovo, 120–22, 124, 126–27, 129–32, 134, 144–45, 147–49, 150, 152, 154–56, 167, 170, 177, 178

  in Macedonia, 97, 167, 173

  Ottomans resisted by, 120

  Rambouillet negotiations with, 148–49, 151–56

  Albright, Madeleine, 76, 142, 162, 179, 259, 332

  Hill appointed Kosovo envoy by, 125–26

  and Rambouillet negotiations, 147–48, 150–51, 155–56

  Alekseyev, Aleksandr, 210, 223

  Alexander the Great, 94

  Aliu, Bix, 154, 160–61, 164

  Al Jazeera, 376

  Allawi, Ayad, 370–77, 382–86

  Amanpour, Christiane, 146, 150, 288

  Ambrose, Stephen, 344

  American Academy of Berlin, 253, 255

  Anbar Province, 249, 295, 323, 340, 344, 356

  Anderson, Joseph, 345

  Andrews, M. C., 49

  Andrews Air Force Base, 81

  Angola, 78

  Ankara, 93, 101, 102, 103

  Annex One, 333

  Annex Two, 333

  Antwerp, 16

  Arabs, 396

  Iraqi, 375

  Shia, 337, 355

  Sunni, 302, 355, 375, 396

  Arab Spring, 397

  Arendt, Hannah, 106

  Arlington, Va., 40

  Arlington National Cemetery, 301, 362

  Armitage, Richard, 202, 203, 286–87

  ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), 264

  Asher, David, 242

  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, 269

  Assad, Bashar al, 358, 359, 386

  Assassin’s Gate (Packer), 302

  Associated Press, 135, 311

  Assyria, 350

  Athens, 93, 95, 96, 98–99, 100, 118

  U.S. Embassy in, 99

  Atkins, Dana, 145

  Auckland, 272

  Australia, 189, 203, 272, 274

  Austro-Hungarian Empire, 52, 57

  Baghdad, 2, 5, 274, 294, 295, 303, 310, 313, 316, 318, 323–39, 341, 343, 345, 363, 366, 370, 373, 382, 383, 387, 389, 410–11n

  U.S. Embassy in, 37, 316, 324–26, 328, 332, 333–38, 348, 349, 353–54, 356, 359, 378, 379, 383, 396

  Baghdad International Airport, 319, 322

  Baghdad University, 381

  Bajevski, Ljubco, 161, 163

  Baker, James, 36

  Balcerowicz, Leszek, 44–45

  Balcerowicz Plan, 44

  Balkans, 3, 105, 110, 130, 178, 217, 227, 345, 362, 381, 400

  breakup of Yugoslavia in, 52–53

  consequences of instability in, 58, 77–78

  Hill’s appointments to, 51, 56, 59, 79, 112, 179, 186, 284, 323, 357

  Hill’s return to, 399

  Kosovo crisis in, 120, 124, 131, 135, 148, 159

  Macedonian issues in, 93, 95–96, 98

  Ottoman Empire in, 89, 129

  revenge in, 178, 303

  Balkan Wars, 122

  Baltic States, 54

  Bamenda, 20

  Banco Delta Asia, 241–43, 246–48, 252–53, 255–58

  Bangkok, 296

  Bangladeshi battalion (Bang Bat), 71–72

  Ban Ki-moon, 206, 207, 238, 259, 327

  Barkhouse, Nolan, 213, 214, 215

  Barnich, Terry, 356

  Barrasso, John, 314

  Barzan, 386

  Barzani, Massoud, 327, 368, 374–75, 382, 386–88, 397

  Basra, 346, 369

  Basra Chamber of Commerce, 381

  Bechtel, 399

  Beijing, 211, 212–13, 215, 221, 222, 227, 233, 235, 242, 246, 250, 256, 280, 284, 288, 295, 311

  U.S. Embassy in, 213, 218, 259

  Belgium, 16, 41

  Belgrade, 161, 181, 298

  and Bosnian conflict, 70–71, 72, 79, 87, 91, 98, 102, 105

  Chinese embassy bombed in, 170

  Eagleburger in, 33–36

  Hill’s childhood years in, 13–15
/>   Hill’s Foreign Service appointment to, 32–35, 39, 40

  and Kosovo conflict, 120, 124–26, 128–29, 141, 145, 151, 156

  U.S. Embassy in, 15, 32, 71, 119, 124, 317

  Belgrade, International School of, 13–14

  Berger, Sandy, 60, 76, 80, 86, 179, 180

  Berlin, 40, 253, 254–55, 285

  Berlin Wall, 45, 58

  Biden, Joe:

  as Iraq point man for Obama administration, 333, 368, 369, 380, 385, 387, 410–11n

  Iraq visits of, 339, 361–62, 383–84

  Bight of Biafra, 20

  Bildt, Carl, 71, 73

  bin Laden, Osama, 194

  Bitola, 178

  Blackwater, 408n

  Blair, Tony, 185

  Blinken, Tony, 362

  Bolten, Josh, 276, 277

  Bolton, John, 197, 203, 242, 275

  Bondy, Steve, 339

  Bosnia, Bosnians, 90–91, 101, 124, 128, 139, 143, 144, 159, 179, 225, 227, 317, 399, 400

  arms embargo to, 56, 65, 68

  Contact Group plan for, 88

  Croat alliance with, 68

  Dayton Peace Accords and, 109–11, 121–22, 197, 395

  death of Frasure and, 79, 80, 83, 107–8

  Geneva negotiations and, 102–3, 104

  Hillary Clinton in, 113–15

  Paris negotiations and, 83, 85–86

  Srebrenica massacre in, 147

  UN troops in, 67–73, 95, 105, 107

  U.S. relations with, 56–57, 66

  war in, 130

  Bosnian-Croat Federation, 227

  Bosnian Croats, 68, 84, 106

  Bosnian Federation, 84, 102

  Bosnian Muslims, 68, 73–74, 84, 106, 400

  Bosnian Serbs, 53, 57, 65, 68, 69, 70–71, 73, 86–90, 102–3, 104, 105, 106–11

  Boston, Mass., 117, 179

  Boston Globe, 313

  Bowdoin College, 19

  Brad (security detail), 173–74

  Bradtke, Bob, 64

  Brasich, Mrs., 13

  Bremer, L. Paul, 7

  Bremner, Sue, 59

  British Petroleum (BP), 377–78, 380, 381

  Brookings Institution, 348–49, 389

  Brooks, Vince, 377, 381

  Brownback, Sam, 311–12, 313, 315–17, 318

  Brussels, 41

  Buchpapai, Ukë, 49

  Budapest, 157

  Budina, Kestrina, 49, 50

  Buea, 20–22, 29

  Bugarcic, Bojan, 87, 90, 157

  Bulgaria, 54, 94, 97, 180

  “Bulldozer revolution,” 181

  Burcevski, Mitko, 119, 163, 165, 167–68

  Burgess, Jay, 49

  Burma, 266, 276, 286

  Burns, Bill, 294, 300, 309–10, 359–60

  Burns, Nicholas, 118, 259

  Bush, George H. W., 36, 55, 183

  Bush, George W., 183, 197

  departure from office of, 313

  Hill supported by, 234–35, 237

  Iraq war and, 272, 342–43, 398

  and North Korea, 196, 237, 239, 253, 274–75, 276–77, 283, 286–89, 292

  Powell and, 200, 202

  Warsaw visit of, 185–87

  Bush (G. W.) administration, 312, 355

  first term of, 199, 203, 293

  on multilateralism, 184

  and North Korea, 37, 204, 205–6, 221, 237, 245, 248, 292–93, 347

  and previous administrations, 188

  as right-leaning, 189, 205, 237

  second term of, 194, 196–97, 199

  Butenis, Patricia, 319, 323, 326

  Buzek, Jerzy, 186

  Café USA, 190–91

  Cairo, 370

  Cambodia, 264–67, 317

  Cambodian Center for Human Rights, 265

  Cameroon, 20–23, 25–27, 251, 324, 331

  Cameroon, Mount, 20, 22, 27, 29

  Cameroon Development Cooperation, 27

  Camp Lejeune, 306, 342

  Camp Liberty, 333

  Camp Union, 333

  Camp Victory, 353

  Canada, 72, 281

  Carlson, Eric, 339, 377

  Carnegie Foundation, 130

  Carter, Jimmy, 35, 36, 106

  Carter, Lillian, 35, 36

  Carwile, John, 379

  Casey, George, 345

  Castro, Fidel, 63

  Catholic Church, 41

  Catholic Relief Services (CRS), 173

  Central Command, U.S. (CENTCOM), 306, 386

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 180, 275

  Cenzer, Matthew, 193

  Cha, Victor, 229, 252–53, 256, 280

  Chalabi, Ahmed, 373, 377

  Chamberlain, Neville, 246

  Chandrasekaran, Rajiv, 303

  Charlottesville, Va., 37

  “Che Guevara” (KLA fighter), 132–33, 407n

  Cheney, Dick, 260

  as neoconservative, 197, 235

  on North Korea, 259, 274, 275–76, 277–78

  Obama criticized by, 312–13

  China, 204, 238, 263, 307

  Eagleburger on, 37

  importance of, 203

  North Korea and, 269, 275, 289–90, 317

  in Six Party Talks, 205–16, 218–22, 227–34, 236–37, 242, 246–47, 250, 251–53, 273, 287

  Steinberg on, 360

  targeting of Belgrade embassy of, 170, 408n

  China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), 379

  China-Soviet relations, 395–96

  Chinese Foreign Ministry, 219, 222

  Choi Son Hui, 216

  Choi Sun Ai, 252–53, 260

  Chopin Piano Competition, 181

  Christman, Dan, 71–72

  Christopher, Warren, 59, 60, 64–66, 76, 84, 110, 125, 399

  Chun Doo-Hwan, 191, 286

  Churchill, Winston, 84, 112

  CIA, 15

  Claire (assistant), 294

  Clark, Helen, 271, 272

  Clark, Wesley:

  and Bosnia, 80, 85–86, 88, 106, 107

  and Kosovo, 145, 152–53, 162, 164, 166–67, 170

  Clinton, Bill, 269

  Bosnia and, 81, 86, 113, 128–29

  Hill sent to Poland by, 179

  in Kosovo, 176, 180

  in Macedonia, 178

  in Poland, 183, 185

  Clinton, Chelsea, 114

  Clinton, Hillary:

  in Bosnia, 113–14, 115

  Hill sent to Iraq by, 294–95, 300–301, 310, 382, 388

  on Iraq, 11, 335–36, 373, 376

  Iraq visit of, 328–29, 331–32, 378, 410–11n

  in Macedonia, 178

  on North Korea, 291, 294–95

  as Secretary of State, 11, 357, 361

  Clinton administration, 188, 360

  Agreed Framework with North Korea of, 205, 245, 292

  breakup of Yugoslavia and, 52, 66

  Holbrooke in, 112

  Korea policy of, 245

  on Kosovo, 125

  CNN, 77, 86, 146, 150, 170, 172, 181, 287–88, 289, 297, 312, 370

  Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 7

  Cold War, 50, 51, 52, 57, 239–40, 270, 320

  Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP), 6, 322

  Commerce Department, U.S., 49

  Committee for the Protection of Journalists, 110

  Communists, Communism, 14, 15, 34, 43, 88, 183, 261, 321

  Congress, U.S., 7, 43, 56, 65, 113, 200, 225, 269, 304, 312

  see also Senate, U.S.

  Contact Group, 68, 71, 72, 75, 83, 88, 91, 102, 104, 131, 148, 153–54, 155

  Containerized Housing Units (CHUs), 334, 381

  Copenhagen, 185

  Corbin, Michael, 359

  Council of Deputies, 378

  counterinsurgency (COIN), 6, 343, 344, 345, 346–47, 353

  Craddock, General, 164

  Crawford, Tex., 273

  Croatia, 35, 52–53, 57, 68, 91, 95, 151, 399

  Croatian Serbs, 53, 57, 178

  Cro
ats, 69, 70, 103, 159, 373

  Bosnian, 68, 84, 106

  Crocker, Ryan, 294, 295, 301, 304, 307, 316, 319, 336, 350, 382–83, 387

  Cross, Tim, 169

  Crow, Sheryl, 114, 115

  Crowley, Chris, 336

  Crvenkovski, Stevo, 97, 100–101

  Cuba, 88, 224

  Daily, Dell, 286

  Damascus, 358, 359, 386

  Dari, 339

  Daum, 190

  Davies, Glyn, 298, 317

  Davis, Jen, 8, 10

  Dawa party, 377

  Dayton, Ohio, 104, 109–10, 127, 161, 197

  Dayton Peace Accords, 84, 104, 109, 112, 113, 121, 123, 128, 130, 131, 148, 151, 152, 197, 207, 222, 237, 238, 395

  Dela-Cruz, Derek, 9, 323–24, 388

  Demaci, Adem, 153

  de Mello, Sergio, 177–78

  Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), 124, 128, 135, 155

  Denmark, 407n

  Denver, University of, Korbel School of International Studies, 388, 400

  Dervishi, Andi, 49

  Desrocher, John, 379

  DeTrani, Joe, 210, 229, 237

  Dhi Qar Province, 1–3, 5, 7

  Diaoyutai conference facility, 227–28, 232, 233, 238

  Diem, Ed, 29–30

  Diyala Province, 322

  DJ (security officer), 341

  Douala, 20, 30, 324

  Drenica Valley, 125, 136, 137–38

  Drew, Nelson, 80, 81

  Dunn, Patrick, 379

  Duvalier, François, 17

  Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 44

  Eagleburger, Lawrence S.:

  as acting secretary of state, 45

  as ambassador to Yugoslavia, 32–35, 39, 57, 317, 332

  death of, 393

  subsequent career of, 36–38

  East Asian and Pacific Affairs Bureau (EAP):

  Hill as assistant secretary of, 195–96, 202, 206, 212, 246, 302, 307

  Hill as deputy director of, 53, 316, 342

  East Timor, 263

  Edelman, Eric, 197, 275

  Egypt, 339, 370

  Eichmann, Adolf, 106

  El Alamein, 268

  elections, U.S.:

  of 2000, 183, 242

  of 2004, 194

  El Faw, 353

  Embassy Baghdad Provincial Reconstruction Team, 8

  ENI, 380

  Erbil, 372, 387–88

  Estonia, 52

  European Bureau (EUR), 51, 53, 54, 60, 74, 119, 202

  European Union (EU), 53, 69, 70, 129, 139, 182, 184

  Exxon Mobil, 380

  Facebook, 394

  Fako Division, 20

  Falls Church, Va., 81

  Fallujah, 356

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 241, 243, 305

  Federal Reserve Bank, U.S., 257

  Feith, Doug, 197

  Feltman, Jeff, 361

  Fiasco (Ricks), 302