Human Game: The True Story of the 'Great Escape' Murders and the Hunt for the Gestapo Gunmen
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Kidder, Gordon (Flying Officer), viii, xv, 241
background of, 69–70
escape from Stalag Luft III, 69, 71–72
murder of, 65, 66–67, 72, 73–74, 75, 77, 78–79, 79–84, 82, 85, 86–89, 90, 93–94, 97, 152, 161, 162, 219–220, 223, 224, 227
recapture of, 72
reconstruction of murder, 82, 82
Kiel (Gestapo and Kripo), xv, 20, 22–27, 205–216, 216–217, 218–219, 220–222. See also specific members
Kiel, Germany, 40, 63, 162
Kierath, Reginald (Flying Officer), viii, 100–101, 102, 103, 104, 241
Kiewnarski, Antoni (Flight Lieutenant), viii, 188, 241
killing field examined by Bowes and Lyon, 83
Kiowsky, Friedrich (Zlín Frontier Police driver), xv
Czech custody of, 219
interrogation of, 77–81, 83
Schauschütz and, 76
van der Bijil and, 66–67
Zacharias and, 88, 89
Kirby-Green, Thomas (Squadron Leader), viii, xv, 241
background of, 68–69
escape from Stalag Luft III, 69, 70, 71–72
letters written to home by, 69, 70–71
murder of, 65, 66, 67, 72, 73–74, 77, 78–83, 82, 84, 85, 88–89, 94, 97, 152, 161–162, 219–220, 223, 224, 227
recapture of, 72
reconstruction of murder, 82, 82
Kiske (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 185
Knappe (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 185
Knoechlein, Fritz (SS), 92–93
Knuppelberg, Adolf (Brno Gestapo), xv
Kidder and Kirby-Green murders, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 84, 89
mural of German satyrs, 77
whereabouts, mystery of, 161
Kolanowski, A. Wlodzimierz (Flying Officer), viii, 172, 189, 241
Kozlowsky, Otto (Brno Gestapo lawyer), xv, 81, 84, 161
Kriminalpolizei (Kripo), xiv–xvi. See also Breslau (Gestapo and Kripo); Brno/Zlín (Gestapo and Kripo); Munich (Gestapo and Kripo); specific members
Danzig (Kripo), xv, 39, 96, 97, 98, 162–170
Gestapo vs., 17
Grossfahndung order, 14, 36, 176, 225
Karlsruhe (Kripo), xv, 131, 132, 133–138, 139, 141
Kiel (Kripo), xv, 20, 22–27, 205–216, 216–217, 218–219, 220–222
Liberec (Kripo), xvi, 100–101, 103, 104, 105
recapture of Stalag Luft III escapees, 16–17, 18, 21, 34, 49, 96–97, 114
Strasbourg (Kripo), xvi, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198
Krol, Stanislaw (Flying Officer), viii, 241
Krupa, Frantisek (crematorium attendant), 84
Lampel, Josef (Saarbrücken Kripo), 151
Lancaster bombers, 33
Landhaus Brichta hotel raid, 85–86
Langford, Patrick (Flight Lieutenant), ix, 189, 241
Langlois (Flight Lieutenant), 245, 246
Lauefer (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 189
Leigh, Thomas (Flight Lieutenant), ix, 186, 241
Lerchesflur Prison, 149
letters to home written by POWs, 9–10, 69, 70–71, 204
Liberec (Gestapo and Kripo), xvi, 100–101, 103, 104, 105
Liegnitz, Germany, 39, 41, 106, 172
Lindeiner-Wildau, Friedrich-Wilhelm von (Colonel), 36–37, 37–38, 246
Linke, Paul (Police Chief), 207–208
Llandovery Castle case, 226
London Cage
interrogations at, 62, 63, 90–96, 110, 113, 114, 137, 140, 142, 150, 159, 170, 175, 184, 199, 212, 222, 223
Kensington Palace Gardens, England, 62, 90, 92
Scotland and, 91, 92, 93, 94, 185, 192–193, 212, 227–228
torture allegations, 227–228, 229
Long, James (Flight Lieutenant), ix, 174, 241
Lonsky, Klaus, 48–51, 50–51
Luftwaffe, 13, 30, 63, 73, 106, 129, 144, 149, 173, 174
Lux (Breslau Gestapo), xiv, 177, 178, 184, 185–186, 188, 189
Lyon, A. R. (Flight Lieutenant), xiii. See also Special Investigating Branch (SIB), RAF
actress and, 214
background of, 73
Baumann interrogation, 214–216
Blum and, 166–167
Bowes and, 101, 103
Clausen interrogation, 208
Denkmann interrogation, 209–210
discharge of, 216
Herberg interrogation, 132–138
internment camps canvassing, 208–209, 214
Jacobs interrogation, 209–210, 210–211
Kaehler interrogation, 209–210, 211–212
killing field examined by, 83
Kiowsky interrogation, 77–81
Krupa and, 84
Landhaus Brichta hotel raid, 85–86
Linke and, 207–208
Mueller interrogation, 208–209
Pankratz prison atrocities, 76–77, 82
Polish uncooperation in Breslau, 105
Schafer and, 205–206
Schauschütz interrogation, 74–76
Schmidt (Franz) interrogation, 209–210
Schmidt (Oskar) interrogation, 209–210, 210–211, 212
Stalag Luft III visit, 106–107
Struve interrogation, 212–213
Tischendorf and, 206–207
Urbanek and, 81
Vaca and, 76–77
winter of 1946–1947 (Germany), 213–214
Zacharias interrogation, 227
Zlín Gestapo headquarters and, 81–83
Mannheim, Germany, 138, 139, 153, 154
Manual for Military Law, 226
maps, X-Organization, 7, 10
Marcinkus, Romas (Flight Lieutenant), ix, 96, 162–170, 231, 241
Marshall, Harry (Flight Lieutenant), 11
Maryland bombers, 108
Massey, Herbert (Group Captain), 27, 28–30, 34
Mauthausen concentration camp, 15
McBride (Squadron Leader), 246
McDonald, Alastair (Flight Lieutenant), 173
McGarr, Clement (Lieutenant), ix, 242
McGill, George (Flight Lieutenant), ix, 189, 242
McKenna, Francis P. (Squadron Leader), xiii. See also Special Investigating Branch (SIB), RAF
Absalon (Gunther’s parents) and, 42–44
Absalon (Gunther’s wife) and, 44–45
Achterberg interrogation, 163–166
background of, 32–33, 36, 41, 46, 63
barbarity of Nazi Party, 216–218, 221
Bender’s statement, 151–152
Blackpool Borough Police, 32, 41, 232
Blum and, 166–167
Boschert interrogation, 140–141
Bowes and, 72, 84, 85, 87, 100, 142, 222
Breslau evacuees interviewees, 47, 48–51
Bruchardt interrogation, 166–170
cold case, 32, 33–42
Courtney and, 62–63
death of, 233
Dingermann interrogation, 150–151
dreams of, 47–48
exhaustion of, 132
Gmeiner interrogation, 141–142
Herberg interrogation, 132–138, 139
host families of evacuees and, 47, 48
humanity view of, 138
internment camps canvassing, 42, 45–46, 62–63, 98, 100, 109, 138, 151, 163, 176, 220
investigation as a complex machine, 161
jeep problems, 59–61
Judge Advocate General’s Office and, 57–58, 63–64
justice vs. revenge, 233, 234
Kah and, 52–54, 58, 61–62
Lampel interrogation, 151
Lindeiner’s statement, 36–37, 37–38
Lonsky and, 48–51
Müller and, 38, 100
Nebe and, 38, 57–58, 181–182
Order of the British Empire, 232
papers, protecting, 59, 60, 61
Post interrogation, 220–221
Preiss interrogation, 138–140
razor wire trap incident, 180
Russian uncooperat
ion with, 59–60, 62, 100, 180, 187, 188
Schmidt (Fritz’s mother) and, 218–219
Schmoll’s statement, 152–153
Schulz (Emil’s wife) and, 156, 157, 159–160
Schulz (Emil) interrogation, 157–160
“Sherlock Holmes,” 33
Smit and, 47, 57, 58, 59
Spann’s death confirmed by, 162
“spasmodic” quality of investigation, 219
Taylor and, 53, 58
Thomas and, 61
unaccounted-for-murderers, 223
Williams (H. J.) and, 35, 36–37, 38, 39–40, 42, 44, 45
Zacharias interrogation, 86–89, 90, 93
Zembrodt and, 51, 55–57
Mehling (Dr.), 56
memorial at Stalag Luft III, 234, 234
Mercier, Ernest, 51–54. See also Kah, Ernst (Breslau SD)
Merten, Hans (Nebe’s assistant), 18
Messerschmitt fighters, 2, 108, 192
MI9, 90
microphones used by Germany, 2, 4, 8, 145–146
Milford, Harold (Flight Lieutenant), ix, 173, 242
Minden prison, 40, 87, 88, 90, 117, 124, 137, 140, 141, 153, 158, 161, 168, 200, 209, 220
Ministry of Armed Forces of USSR, 184
Mohr, Peter (Munich Kripo), 114–115
Molovsky (Judge), 77
Mondschein, Jerzy (Flying Officer), ix, 100–101, 102, 103, 104, 242
monument at Stalag Luft III, 107
Moosburg, Germany, 150, 151, 176
Moravska Ostrava, Czech Republic, 67, 74, 79, 80, 83, 89
Mueller, Erich, 208–209
Müller, Heinrich (Gestapo SS Gruppenführer), xiv
Cochran murder, 133, 136, 137, 192
Gmeiner and, 141
Hayter murder, 198
Herberg and, 136, 137, 192
Kaltenbrunner and, 16, 209
McKenna and, 38, 100
Nebe and, 18
Panzinger and, 64
Schauschütz and, 75
Schimmel and, 198
Schmid and, 182–184
war crimes charges against, 224
Wielen and, 230
Muller, Jens (Lieutenant), 33
Müller, Reinhardt (Heinrich’s son), 182–184
Munich (Gestapo and Kripo), xvi. See also specific members
investigation of, 38, 107, 109–114, 115–118, 121–128, 161
justice escaped by, 219, 223, 232
Munich, Germany, 40, 62, 64, 106, 196, 202
mural of Gestapo satyrs, 77
murders of escapees (fifty) by Gestapo, viii–ix, 15–16, 17, 18, 31, 41, 222, 239–243. See also Great Escape, The; Special Investigating Branch (SIB), RAF; specific murdered escapees
Murray, Philip (Squadron Leader), 28, 30
Mustang fighters, 204
Narochi Vybor prison, 65
National Socialism, 181
Natzweiler concentration camp, xv, 38, 130, 132, 133–134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 162, 197, 199
Naville, Gabrielle (representative of Swiss Protecting Power), 30–31
Nazi Party, xiii–xvi. See also Germany; Gestapo; Hitler, Adolf; Kriminalpolizei (Kripo); specific members
barbarity of, 216–218, 221
cyanide capsules for suicide, 54, 64, 232
Nuremberg Laws, 110
SA (“brownshirts”), 121
Nebe, Arthur (Kripo SS Gruppenführer), xiv
death of, 181, 232
Diels and, 57
Einsatzgruppen B, 181–182
execution list by, 18, 181
Himmler and, 181
Hitler and, 181
justice escaped by, 181, 232
Kaltenbrunner and, 18
McKenna and, 38, 57–58, 181–182
Merten and, 18
Müller and, 18
recapture of Stalag Luft III escapees, 16–17, 18, 34
war crimes charges against, 224
Wielen and, 16–17, 34, 230
Neely (Lieutenant), 111
Netherlands, 33
Neue Bremm torture camp, 153, 155
Neuengamme internment camp, 209, 214
Neumünster, Germany, 20, 23, 58, 61, 96
New Zealand murdered escapees, 31. See also specific murdered escapees
Nicholas, W. V. (Captain), 33, 35
No. 1 Civilian Internment Camp (CIC) at Neumünster, 58, 61, 163
No. 2 Civilian Internment Hospital at Karlsruhe, 140
No. 4 Civilian Internment Camp (CIC) at Recklinghausen, 98
No. 6 Civilian Internment Camp (CIC) at Moosburg, 98
Nöelle, Wilhelm (Brno Gestapo), xiv, 75, 161–162
Normandy invasion, 127, 217
North Western Europe War Crimes Investigation Unit, 40, 220
Norway, 204
Norwegian murdered escapees, 31. See also specific murdered escapees
Nuremberg Laws, 110
Nuremberg Trials, 38, 57, 170, 232
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Army High Command), 13
obstacles to investigation, 34, 35, 38, 40, 42, 46–47, 63, 96, 99–100, 180, 187, 188, 189
Oehlert, Dr. (defense counsel), 227–228
Oflag VI-B concentration camp, 14
Oflag XIII-B concentration camp, 118–121
Oflag XVII-A concentration camp, 14
Ogilvie, A. Keith (Flight Lieutenant), 173, 245, 246
Operation Bullet (Aktion Kugel), 15
Operation Loyton, 130–131
Order of the Blood, 221
Order of the British Empire, 232
Paderborn internment camp, 141
Pancheff (Major), 73
Pankratz prison atrocities, 76–77, 82
Panzinger, Fritz, 64
Patton, George S. (Lieutenant General), 119, 120
Patzig, Helmut (Lieutenant), 226
Pawluk, Kazimierz (Flying Officer), ix, 188, 242
Permanent Camp for Airmen 3, 1. See also Great Escape, The; Stalag Luft III (Stammlager Luft III)
Peters, Rudolf (Strasbourg Gestapo), 197–199
Picard, Henri (Flying Officer), ix, 96, 162–170, 231, 242
Pieber, Hans, 28–29, 30
Pieber, Haputmann, 246
Plötzensee Prison, 181
Plunkett, Des (Flight Lieutenant), 7
Pohe, Porokuro Patapu “Johnny” (Flying Officer), ix, 186, 242
Pohlmann, 215, 220–221. See also Post, Johannes (Kiel Gestapo)
Poland, 105–106, 121
Polish breakout from Oflag VI-B, 14
Polish murdered escapees, 31. See also specific murdered escapees
Polish uncooperation in Breslau, 105–106
Portugal, 34
Post, Johannes (Kiel Gestapo), xv
background of, 19–20, 216
Baumann and, 214–215, 215–216
Catanach, Christensen, Espelid, and Fuglesang murders, 22–25, 208, 209, 210–211, 212–213, 224
Heidt (Post’s mistress), 215–216, 220
interrogation of, 221
Pohlmann (alias), 215, 220–221
Sagan Case trial, 224, 225–226, 230, 231, 231
theater and, 23, 27
Prague, Czech Republic, 3, 52, 73, 84, 101, 103, 105, 147, 161
Preiss, Otto (Karlsruhe Gestapo), xv
Cochran murder, 134–135, 137, 138–140, 224
Sagan Case trial, 224, 229, 230
Quebec University, 82
RAF. See Royal Air Force
razor wire trap incident, McKenna, 180
Reavell-Carter, Laurence (Squadron Leader), 245–247
recaptured escapees, 17–18, 27–28, 30, 34, 36–37, 49. See also specific escapees
recapture of Stalag Luft III escapees by Kripo, 16–17, 18, 21, 34, 49, 96–97, 114
reconstruction of Kidder and Kirby-Green murders, 82, 82
records, destroyed, 21, 64, 81, 117, 127, 141, 208
Red Army, 34, 35, 47, 50, 51, 52, 64, 100, 106, 174, 187
Red Cross, 6, 15, 2
8, 30, 67, 81, 92, 118, 144, 161, 164, 210, 212
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), xiv, 16, 16n. See also Central Security Office, Berlin
Rinteln, Germany, 39–40, 45, 46, 47, 57, 62, 87, 107, 140, 160
Roemer, Hugo (Brno Gestapo), xiv, 74, 75, 76, 161–162, 162n
Rogue’s Gallery, 223
Rotenhahn Inn, 25, 207
Royal Air Force (RAF) Investigation Team, xiii, 163, 219, 233. See also Special Investigating Branch (SIB), RAF
Royle, Paul (Flight Lieutenant), 173
Ruhr Valley, Germany, 27, 40, 43
Russian Occupation Zone, 35, 39, 40, 45, 47, 56, 58–60, 87, 100, 104n, 180, 184, 187, 215, 232
Russia/Russians (Soviet Union, USSR)
Red Army, 34, 35, 47, 50, 51, 52, 64, 100, 106, 174, 187
Scharpwinkel and, 51, 55–56, 57, 58, 61–62, 100, 180, 184, 185, 186–187, 188, 219, 222, 230
uncooperation with McKenna, 59–60, 62, 100, 180, 187, 188
SA (“brownshirts”), 121
Saarbrücken, Germany, 38, 99, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157
Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 187
Sagan, Germany, 1, 4, 15, 35, 36, 38, 109, 223, 235
Sagan Case trial, 223–231. See also Great Escape, The; Special Investigating Branch (SIB), RAF
Boschert and, 224, 229, 230
defense’s case, 225–230
Geith and, 224, 229, 230
German Military Penal Code and, 226
Grossfahndung order, 14, 36, 176, 225
guilty verdicts, 230
justice, escaped, 219, 223, 232
Llandovery Castle case and, 226
London Cage torture allegations, 227–228, 229
Manual for Military Law and, 226
murders of individual POWs charges, 224, 230
non guilty pleas of defendants, 225
Post and, 224, 225–226, 230, 231, 231
Preiss and, 224, 229, 230
prosecution’s case, 225, 226, 229, 230
Schimmel and, 224, 229–230
Scotland and, 227–228, 229
sentences, 230, 231, 233
superior orders plea, 224, 225–226, 228, 229, 230
“war crime,” 226
war crime charges, 224, 225, 230
Wielen and, 224, 225, 230, 233
Zacharias and, 224, 227, 228, 230
Salau, Artur (mortician laborer), 26, 27
Sawerthal, Anton (cremation attendant), 103–104
Schafer, Arthur (crematorium engineer), 26–27, 205–206
Schäfer, Lisalotte (Oswald’s wife), 223
Schäfer, Oswald (Munich Gestapo), xvi
Gouws and Stevens murders, 113, 114, 117–118, 122, 126
Hebberling and, 127–128
justice escaped by, 161, 219, 223, 232
Scharpwinkel, Wilhelm (Breslau Gestapo), xiv
Breslau defense and, 174–175
Cornish interrogation, 184–185, 185–186
death of, 230