CHAPTER 10: THE PEOPLE’S SONG
Faith Hillis, Children of Rus’: Right-Bank Ukraine and the Invention of a Russian Nation (Ithaca, NY, 2013); Oleh S. Ilnytzkyj, “Modeling Culture in the Empire: Ukrainian Modernism and the Death of the All-Russian Idea,” in Culture, Nation, and Identity: The Ukrainian-Russian Encounter (1600–1945), ed. Andreas Kappeler, Zenon E. Kohut, Frank E. Sysyn, and Mark von Hagen (Edmonton, 2003), 298–324; D. A. Kotsiubinskii, Russkii natsionalism v nachale XX stoletiia: Rozhdenie i gibel’ ideologii Vserosiiskogo natsional’nogo soiuza (Moscow, 2001); I. V. Omelianchuk, “Chislennost’ Soiuza russkogo naroda v 1907–1914 gg. v pravoberezhnykh ukrainskikh guberniiakh,” in Belorussiia i Ukraina: Istoriia i kul’tura. Ezhegodnik 2005/2006 (Moscow, 2008), 145–164; Richard Pipes, “Peter Struve and Ukrainian Nationalism,” special issue of Harvard Ukrainian Studies 3/4, Part 2, Eucharisterion: Essays Presented to Omeljan Pritsak on His Sixtieth Birthday by His Colleagues and Students (1979–80): 675–683; Serhii Plokhy, Unmaking Imperial Russia: Mykhailo Hrushevsky and the Writing of Ukrainian History (Toronto, 2005); George Y. Shevelov, The Ukrainian Language in the First Half of the Twentieth Century (1900–1941): Its State and Status (Cambridge, MA, 1989); Theodore R. Weeks, Nation and State in Late Imperial Russia: Nationalism and Russification on the Western Frontier, 1863–1914 (DeKalb, IL, 1996).
CHAPTER 11: THE FALL OF THE MONARCHY
A. Iu. Bakhturina, Politika Rossiiskoi imperii v Vostochnoi Galitsii v gody Pervoi mirovoi voiny (Moscow, 2000); Faith Hillis, “Making and Breaking the Russian Empire: The Case of Kiev’s Shul’gin Family,” in Imperiale Biographien: Elitekarrieren im Habsburger, Russischen und Osmanischen Vielvölkerreich (1850–1918), ed. Malte Rolf and Tim Buchen (Munich, 2015), 178–198; E. Ketola, “Revoliutsiia 1917 goda i obretenie Finliandiei nezavisimosti: Dva vzgliada na problemu,” Otechestvennaia istoriia, no. 6 (1993); Eric Lohr, Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign Against Enemy Aliens During World War I (Cambridge, MA, 2003); Otrechenie Nikolaia II: Vospominaniia ochevidtsev (Moscow, 1990); Alexander Victor Prusin, Nationalizing a Borderland: War, Ethnicity and Anti-Jewish Violence in East Galicia, 1914–1920 (Tuscaloosa, AL, 2005).
CHAPTER 12: THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Jörg Brechtefeld, Mitteleuropa and German Politics: 1848 to the Present (London, 1996); Mykhailo Hrushevs’kyi, Na porozi novoï Ukraïny: Statti i dzherel’ni materialy (New York, 1992); Richard Pipes, The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917–1923, rev. ed. (Cambridge, MA, 1997); Anna Procyk, Russian Nationalism and Ukraine: The Nationality Policy of the Volunteer Army During the Civil War (Edmonton, 1995); Per Anders Rudling, The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906–1931 (Pittsburgh, PA, 2015); Timothy Snyder, The Red Prince: The Secret Lives of a Habsburg Archduke (New York, 2008); Nicholas P. Vakar, Belorussia: The Making of a Nation: A Case Study (Cambridge, MA, 1956).
CHAPTER 13: LENIN’S VICTORY
Francine Hirsch, Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union (Ithaca, NY, 2005); Terry Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939 (Ithaca, NY, 2001); idem, “An Affirmative Action Empire: The Soviet Union as the Highest Form of Imperialism,” in A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin, ed. Ronald Grigor Sunny and Terry Martin (Oxford, 2001), 67–92; Liliana Riga, The Bolsheviks and the Russian Empire (New York, 2012); Vasyl Shakhrai and Serhii Mazlakh, On the Current Situation in the Ukraine, ed. Peter J. Potichnyj (Ann Arbor, MI, 1970); Yuri Slezkine, “The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism,” Slavic Review 53, no. 2 (1994): 414–452; Ronald Suny, The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union (Stanford, CA, 1993); idem, The Making of the Georgian Nation (Bloomington, IN, 1994).
CHAPTER 14: NATIONAL COMMUNISM
David Brandenberger, National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931–1956 (Cambridge, MA, 2002); James E. Mace, Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: National Communism in Soviet Ukraine, 1918–1933 (Cambridge, MA, 1983); Ronald Grigor Suny and Terry Martin, eds., A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin (Oxford, 2001); Stephen Velychenko, Painting Imperialism and Nationalism Red: The Ukrainian Marxist Critique of Russian Communist Rule in Ukraine, 1918–1925 (Toronto, 2015).
CHAPTER 15: THE RETURN OF RUSSIA
David Brandenberger, “Stalin’s Populism and the Accidental Creation of Russian National Identity,” Nationalities Papers 38, no. 5 (2010): 723–739; David Brandenberger and Mikhail V. Zelenov, “Stalin’s Answer to the National Question: A Case Study on the Editing of the 1938 Short Course,” Slavic Review 73, no. 4 (2014): 859–880; Viktor B. Dënningkhaus, V teni “bol’hogo brata”: Zapadnye natsional’nye men’shinstva v SSSR, 1937–38 gg. (Moscow, 2011); Geoffrey A. Hosking, Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union (Cambridge, MA: 2006); Donald Ostrowski, “Alexander Nevskii’s ‘Battle on the Ice’: The Creation of a Legend,” Russian History/Histoire russe 33, nos. 2-3-4 (Summer-Fall-Winter 2006): 309–312; Benedikt Sarnov, Stalin i pisateli, vol. 1 (Moscow, 2007).
CHAPTER 16: THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Olia Hnatiuk, Vidvaha i strakh (Kyiv, 2015); Ianka Kupala, Zbor tvoraŭ, 7 vols., vol. 7, Vershy: Pereklady 1918–1942 (Minsk, 1974); Roger Moorhouse, The Devil’s Alliance: Hitler’s Pact with Stalin, 1931–1941 (New York, 2014); Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939–1941: Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Office, ed. Raymond James Sontag and James Stuart Beddie (Washington, DC, 1948); Serhii Plokhy, “The Call of Blood: Government Propaganda and Public Response to the Soviet Entry into World War II,” Cahiers du monde russe 52, nos. 2–3 (2011): 293–320; Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (New York, 2010); Iosif Stalin, O Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine Sovetskogo naroda (Moscow, 1948); Serhy Yekelchyk, Stalin’s Empire of Memory: Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Soviet Historical Imagination (Toronto, 2004).
CHAPTER 17: THE SOVIET PEOPLE
Wayne Allensworth, The Russian Question: Nationalism, Modernization, and Post-Communist Russia (Lanham, MD, 1998); Aleksandr Baigushev, Russkaia partiia vnutri KPSS (Moscow, 2005); Yitzhak M. Brudny, Reinventing Russia: Russian Nationalism and the Soviet State, 1953–1991 (Cambridge, MA, 2000); Stephen Carter, Russian Nationalism: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow (New York, 1990); Ariel Cohen, Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis (Westport, CT, 1996); Michael Confino, “Solzhenitsyn, the West, and the New Russian Nationalism,” Journal of Contemporary History 26, nos. 3–4 (1991): 611–636; Simon Cosgrove, Russian Nationalism and the Politics of Soviet Literature: The Case of Nash Sovremennik 1981–1991 (New York, 2004); Nathaniel Davies, A Long Road to Church: A Contemporary History of Russian Orthodoxy, 2d ed. (Boulder, 2003); John Dunlop, The Faces of Contemporary Russian Nationalism (Princeton, NJ, 1983); Ivan Dzyuba, Internationalism or Russification? A Study in the Soviet Nationalities Problem, ed. M. Davies, 2d ed. (London, 1970); Kuchkar Khanazarov, Reshenie natsional’no-iazykovoi problemy v SSSR (Moscow, 1982); David Marples, Belarus: A Denationalised Nation (Amsterdam, 1999); Tatstsiana Mikulich, Mova i ėtnichnaia samasviadomasts’ (Minsk, 1996); Nikolai Mitrokhin, Russkaia partiia: Dvizhenie russkikh natsionalistov v SSSR, 1953–1985 (Moscow, 2003); Roman Solchanyk, “Politics and the National Question in the Post-Shelest Period,” in Ukraine After Shelest, ed. Bohdan Krawchenko (Edmonton, 1983), 1–29; Roman Szporluk, Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union (Stanford, CA, 2001); Vladislav Zubok, Zhivago’s Children: The Last Russian Intelligentsia (Cambridge, MA, 2011).
CHAPTER 18: RED FLAG DOWN
Mark R. Beissinger, Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State (Cambridge, 2002); George W. Breslauer and Catherine Dale, “Boris Yel’tsin and the Invention of a Russian Nation-State, Post-Soviet Affairs 13, no. 4 (1997): 303–332; Timothy Colton, Yeltsin: A Life (New York, 2008); E. N. Danilov
a, “Izmeneniia v sotsial’nykh identifikatsiiakh rossiian,” Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal, nos. 3–4 (2000); Mark Harrison, “Soviet Economic Growth Since 1928: The Alternative Statistics of G. I. Khanin,” Europe-Asia Studies 45, no. 1 (1993): 141–167; David D. Laitin, Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the New Abroad (Ithaca, NY, 1998); Marlene Laruelle, In the Name of the Nation: Nationalism and Politics in Contemporary Russia (New York, 2009); Marlene Laruelle, ed., Russian Nationalism and the National Reassertion of Russia (New York, 2009); Emil’ Pain, “Imperskii natsionalizm (Vozniknovenie, evoliutsiia i politicheskie perspektivy v Rosii),” Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’, no. 2 (2015): 54–71; Petr Panov, “Nation-Building in Post-Soviet Russia: What Kind of Nationalism Is Produced by the Kremlin?” Journal of Eurasian Studies 1, no. 1 (2010): 85–94; Serhii Plokhy, The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union (New York, 2014); Peter Rutland, “The Presence of Absence: Ethnicity Policy in Russia,” in Julia Newton and William Tompson, eds., Ideas and Leadership in Post-Soviet Russia (New York, 2010), 116–136; Valery Tishkov, Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union: The Mind Aflame (London, 1996); Edward W. Walker, Dissolution: Sovereignty and the Breakup of the Soviet Union (Lanham, MD, 2003).
CHAPTER 19: THE RUSSIAN WORLD
Ronald D. Asmus, A Little War That Shook the World: Georgia, Russia and the Future of the West (New York, 2010); E. N. Danilova, “Izmeneniia v sotsial’nykh identifikatsiiakh rossiian,” Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal, nos. 3–4 (2000); M. Golovanova and V. Shergin, Gosudarstvennye simvoly Rossii (Moscow, 2003); Vladimir Kabuzan, Russkie v mire: Dinamika chislennosti i rasseleniia (1719–1989). Formirovanie ėtnicheskikh i politicheskikh granits russkogo naroda (St. Petersburg, 1996); Pål Kolstø and Helge Blakkisrud, eds., The New Russian Nationalism: Imperialism, Ethnicity and Authoritarianism, 2000–2015 (Edinburgh, 2016); Mara Kozelsky, “Religion and the Crisis in Ukraine,” International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church 14, no. 3 (2014): 219–241; Marlene Laruelle, ed., Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe—Russia Relationship (Lanham, MD, 2015); Marlene Laruelle, The “Russian World”: Russia’s Soft Power and Geopolitical Imagination (Washington, DC, 2015); Aleksei Miller, ed., Nasledie imperii i budushchee Rossii (Moscow, 2008); Anastasia Nesvetailova, “Russia and Belarus: The Quest for the Union; or Who Will Pay for Belarus’s Path to Recovery?” in Contemporary Belarus: Between Democracy and Dictatorship, ed. Elena A. Korosteleva, Colin W. Lawson, and Rosalind J. Marsh (London, 2003), 152–164; Emil’ Pain and Sergei Prostakov, “Mnogolikii russkii natsionalizm: Ideino-politicheskie raznovidnosti (2010–2014),” Polis, no. 4 (2014): 96–113; Hrihoriy Perepilitsa, “Belarusian-Russian Integration and Its Impact on the Security of Ukraine,” in Belarus at the Crossroads, ed. Sherman W. Garnett and Robert Legvold (Washington, DC, 1999), 81-1-3; Igor Torbakov, “Emulating Global Big Brother: The Ideology of American Empire and Its Influence on Russia’s Framing of Its Policies in the Post-Soviet Eurasia,” Turkish Review of Eurasian Studies, no. 3 (2003): 41–72; Andrei P. Tsygankov, Russia’s Foreign Policy: Change and Continuity in National Identity (Lanham, MD, 2006); Andrew Wilson, Ukraine’s Orange Revolution (New Haven, CT, 2006).
CHAPTER 20: THE RUSSIAN WAR
Paul Goble, “Russian Support for Putin’s View that Russians and Ukrainians Are ‘One People’ Falling, Polls Show,” Window on Eurasia, June 26, 2015; Paul Roderick Gregory, “Deconstructing Putin’s Approval Ratings: One Thousand Casualties for Every Point,” Forbes, June 8, 2015; Steven Lee Myers, The New Tsar: The Rise and Reign of Vladimir Putin (New York, 2015); Roland Oliphant and Tom Parfitt, “Vladimir Putin Praises Russian Patriotism and Claims: Ukrainians and Russians Are One,” Telegraph, March 18, 2015; “Rossiisko-ukrainskie otnosheniia v zerkale obshchestvenngo mneniia: sentiabr’ 2015,” Levada-Tsentr, May 10, 2015, www.levada.ru/old/05-10-2015/rossiisko-ukrainskie-otnosheniya-v-zerkale-obshchestvennogo-mneniya-sentyabr-2015; Yuri Teper, “Official Russian Identity Discourse in Light of the Annexation of Crimea: National or Imperial,” Post-Soviet Affairs 32, no. 4 (2016): 378–396; Igor Torbakov, “A Parting of Ways? The Kremlin Leadership and Russia’s New-Generation National Thinkers,” Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization 23, no. 4 (Fall 2015): 427–457; idem, “Ukraine and Russia: Entangled Histories, Contested Identities, and a War of Narratives,” in Revolution and War in Contemporary Ukraine: The Challenge of Change, ed. Olga Bertlsen (Stuttgart, 2016), 89–120; Andreas Umland, “Eurasian Union vs. Fascist Eurasia,” New Eastern Europe, November 19, 2015; Andrew Wilson, Ukraine Crisis: What It Means for the West (New Haven, CT, 2014), 118–143.
NOTES
INTRODUCTION
“gatherer and protector”: “Tseremoniia Otkrytiia pamiatnika kniaziu Vladimiru,” Prezident Rossii, November 4, 2016, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53211.
“a political principle which holds”: Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism, 2d ed. (Ithaca, NY, 2009), 1.
“Britain had an empire”: Geoffrey Hosking, “The Freudian Frontier,” Times Literary Supplement, March 10, 1995, 27.
CHAPTER 1: THE BIRTH OF THE TSARDOM
“Batu placed battering rams”: Ipat’evskaia letopis’ (St. Petersburg, 1908), col. 785.
“Meanwhile, people ran”: Ibid.
“From antiquity you”: Serhii Plokhy, The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (Cambridge, 2006), 137.
“The towns and lands”: V. T. Pashuto, B. N. Floria, and A. L. Khoroshkevich, Drevnerusskoe nasledie i istoricheskie sud’by vostochnogo slavianstva (Moscow, 1982), 172.
“Your father, Sire”: Mikhail Krom, Mezh Rus’iu i Litvoi: Pogranichnye zemli v sisteme russko-litovskikh otnoshenii kontsa XV–pervoi treti XVI veka (Moscow, 2010), 100.
“the tsar’s name”: Mikhail Zazykin, Tsarskaia vlast’ v Rossii (Moscow, 2004), 57.
CHAPTER 2: THE THIRD ROME
“a new Tsar Constantine”: Iakov Lur’e, Ideologicheskaia bor’ba v russkoi piublitsistike (Leningrad, 1960), 378.
“All Christian kingdoms”: Pavel Miliukov, Ocherki po istorii russkoi kul’tury (Moscow, 1995), 31.
“In the place where they held”: Makarii (Metropolitan), Istoriia russkoi tserkvi (Moscow, 1996), vol. 6, 34.
“For the old Rome fell”: Donald Ostrowski, Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-Cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304–1589 (Cambridge, 2002), 239.
“I turn to you”: Makarii (Metropolitan), Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 6, 98.
“We would wish”: Serhii Plokhy, The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine (Oxford, 2001), 306.
“accept their Roman faith”: Ibid., 312.
“of the same worship”: Ibid., 319.
“The only pious tsar”: Makarii (Metropolitan), Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 6, 357.
CHAPTER 3: THE IMPERIAL NATION
“Live long-awaited solace”: Simeon Polotskii, Virshi, eds. V. K. Bylinin and L. U. Zvonareva (Minsk, 1990), 27–33.
“After all, you are a Russian”: Pavel Miliukov, Ocherki po istorii russkoi kul’tury (Moscow, 1995), 53.
“Oh, poor Rus’”: Vasilii Kliuchevskii, Russkaia istoriia (Moscow, 2013), 184.
“Muscovy, that is”: Serhii Plokhy, The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (Cambridge, 2006), 337.
“starting from our Dnieper”: Ibid., 272.
“One must labor”: Elena Pogosian, Petr I—Arkhitektor rossiiskoi istorii (St. Petersburg, 2001), 226.
“Why should we”: Vasilli Trediakovskii, Izdrannye proizvedeniia (Moscow, 1963), 523.
“The sage Theofan”: A. P. Sumarokov, Izbrannye proizvedeniia (Moscow, 2015), 27.
“Unevenness of style”: Boris Uspenskii, Izbrannye trudy (Moscow, 1994), vol. 2, 294.
“the majesty of Spanish”: Mikhail Lomonosov, Ob obrazovanii i vospitanii (Moscow, 2014), 168.
CHAPTER 4: THE ENLIGHTENED EMPRESS
“It was clearly apparent”: Evgenii Gusliarov, Ekaterina II v zhizni (Moscow, 2004), 151.
“In the true glory”: Rossiiskoe zakonodatel’stvo X–XIX vekov (Moscow, 1987), vol. 5, 23.
“Little Russia, Livonia, and Finland”: Andreas Kappeler, The Russian Empire: A MultiEthnic History (Harlow, UK, 2001), 107.
“Among Your Imperial Majesty’s subject peoples”: Sergei Solov’ev, Sochineniia v vosemnadtsati knigakh (Moscow, 1994), vol. 13, 123.
“Finding myself”: V. Sheremetevskii, “Georgii,” in Rosiiskii biograficheskii slovar’ A. Polovtsova, vol. 4, s.cv.
“Her Royal Majesty the All-Russian Empress”: “Peterburgskaia konventsiia mezhdu Rossiiei i Prussiei,” Pod stiagom Rossii (Moscow, 1992), 132.
“Her Royal Highness the Imperial Queen”: Ibid.
“In time, we should obtain Galicia”: Vsevolod Solov’ev, Istoriia padeniia Pol’shi (Moscow, 2015), 219.
“to deliver the lands and towns”: Sbornik Russkogo istoricheskogo obshchestva (St. Petersburg, 1885), vol. 47, 473.
“The experience of the past”: Ibid.
“Her Imperial Majesty has restored”: K. V. Ratnikov, “Istoricheskie formy otrazheniia pravitel’stvennoi politiki v obshchestvennom soznanii,” Al’manakh sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniia (Tambov, 2016), no. 6, 157.
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