politics
education and, 106
foreign policy and, 250, 267, 321–322, 329
monks with, 95
Orthodox Church and, 284–285
peasants with, 215
poisonings and, 324
in Poland with uprisings, 95–101
See also elections
Polotsky, Simeon. See Simeon of Polatsk
Pontic Slavic dialect, 125, 126
populations
growth, 300, 306
Russian-language speakers, 295–296, 304
Russians, 306
populism, 127, 133
Pora! (It’s Time!) (youth organization), 324
Potapov, Aleksandr, 144
Potemkin (battleship), 159
Potocki, Seweryn, 92
Pozharsky, Dmitrii (Prince), 75, 253, 265, 270
Pravda (Truth) (newspaper)
role of, 147, 150, 216, 255, 273
Stalin in, 245–246, 265
presidency, creation of, 301–302
Primakov, Yevgenii, 318, 321, 336
prince families
Kyivan, 12
Mongol Empire and, 5–7
of Moscow, 3–4, 7–14, 22
of Rurikid dynasty, 4–5
of Tver, 7
Prokhanov, Aleksandr, 342–343
Prokopovych, Teofan (Archbishop), 43–44, 45, 84
Prosvita (Enlightenment), 149
Protestant Church, 30, 35
protests
in the Balts, 307
against corruption, 336
against Georgian language, 303
labor, 158–159
See also uprisings
Prus (legendary figure), 14, 15
Prussia, 63
Pushkin, Aleksandr, 79–80, 83, 148, 249, 328
Pussy Riot, 334
Putin, Vladimir, vii–viii, 348
Crimea and, 337–341
elections and, 320–321, 323–324
foreign policy and, 321–322
NATO and, 325–326
oligarchs and, 322–323
with Olympic Games, 333–335
rise of, 317–318
with rivals, political, 324
Russian World and, 327–330, 336, 345
Ukraine and, 326–327, 331–332, 335–337, 345–346
Yeltsin, B., and, 317–318, 321
Puzyrevsky, Ilia, 143
Rada
Belarus and, 203–205
Bolshevik Party and, 196–197
Germany and, 201
growth of, 194–196
Rada (Council) (newspaper), 182
Rakovsky, Khristian, 223–224, 230
Razumovsky, Aleksei (Rozumovsky, Oleksii), 46, 47
Razumovsky, Kirill (Rozumovsky Kyrylo) (Hetman of Ukraine), 47–48, 57, 58
Reagan, Ronald, 300, 301
rebels’ manifesto of intentions, 87–88
Reformation, Protestant Church, 35
reforms
Alexander II with, 123
economic, 323
education, 249
election, 301–302, 308, 314
Hetmanate, abolishment of, 58–59
Khrushchev, 281, 286–290
language, 48–51
in Orthodox Church, 30–32
Poland, 62
Putin, 327
religion
conversion, 66–69, 96–97, 160, 180
suppression of, 271, 285
See also Orthodox Church; Protestant Church; Roman Catholic Church; Uniate Church
revolts, peasants, 158–159, 195
See also uprisings
Riazan, 5
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 259–261, 263, 267, 274
Rigelman, Nikolai, 143–144, 147
Roman Catholic Church
attitudes toward, 97
in Belarus, 130–131
influence of, 31
Orthodox Church and, 21–22, 29, 33–34, 151, 169
in Poland, 95
Protestant Church and, 30
religious conversion and, 97, 160
with religious suppression, 285
Second Vatican Council, 285
in Ukraine, 330, 331
Uniate Church and, 29, 98, 160
Romanov, Fedor (Filaret, Patriarch of Moscow), 29–30
Romanov, Mikhail (Tsar), 27, 29, 30, 253
Romanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich (Grand Duke), 177–178, 181, 184–185
Rome
ancient, 14
Moscow as Third, 23–26, 34–35
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 273
Rose Revolution (2003), 324–325
Rosiiskii magazin (Russian Magazine), 60
rossiiskaia nation, 313–314
Rozum, Oleksii, 46
Ruban, Vasyl, 60
Ruffo, Marco, 4
Rurik (legendary figure), 4, 9, 14
Rurikid dynasty, 4–5, 9–10, 26
Rus’, 5, 6
See also Kyivan Rus’
Russia
citizenship, 290, 314–315, 319, 349
in Commonwealth of Independent States, 318–319, 336
See also Great Russia; Little Russia
Russian Academy of Sciences, 131
Russian Communist Party, 230
Russian Federation, 302, 309–310, 313
attitudes about, 327, 341
citizenship, 319
flag, 338
identity and, 319–320
Ukraine and, 319, 331–332, 341–345
Russian Herald, 143, 144
Russian History (Ustrialov), 91
Russian language
culture and, 165–167, 287
education and, 179, 289
with Russian World, 329–330
speakers of, 295–296, 304
Russian Magazine. See Rosiiskii magazin
Russian Revolution, ix, 173
in context, 191–194
Rada and, 194–197
Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. See Bolshevik Party
Russian Thought. See Russkaia mysl’
Russian World, 327–330, 336, 345
Russians, population of, 306
Russification (obrusenie)
criticism of, 293
culture and, 87, 290
influence, 86, 87–88, 134, 234, 243, 295–296
Russkaia mysl’ (Russian Thought) (journal), 166
Russophile movement. See Muscophile movement
Russo-Ukrainian war, viii
Rusyns, 88
Ruthenians, 98–99, 147–148, 149
Ruzsky, Nikolai, 188
Rypiński, Aleksander, 130
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 324
“The Sacred War” (Aleksandrov, A.), 271
“The Sacred War” (Lebedev-Kumach), 269
Šafárik, Pavol Jozef, 125–127, 147
Sakharov, Andrei, 304
Sakharov, Ivan, 124–125
Samoilovych, Danylo (Hetman of Ukraine), 51
sanctions, economic, 346
Savenko, Anatolii, 172, 208
Savior’s Tower. See Spasskaia Tower
Sayings of the Russian People About the Family Life of Their Ancestors (Sakharov, I.), 125
Schlegel, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, 81–82, 84
Schmidt, Edward, 231
Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der, 261
Scythians, 75
Second Vatican Council, 285
Semashko, Iosif (Metropolitan), 96–100, 123, 132
Severnaia pchela (Northern Bee), 110
Shakhmatov, Aleksei, 162, 183
Shaliapin, Fedor, 176
Shchedrovitsky, Petr, 328
Shcherbytsky, Volodymyr, 294
Shelepin, Aleksandr, 293
Shelest, Petro, 293–294
Sheptytsky, Andrei (Metropolitan), 180
Shevchenko, Taras, 150, 168, 172, 231
language and, 139
Ukraine and, 105, 106–107, 109–110, 113
Shevyrev, Stepan,
108
Shishkov, Aleksandr, 75
Shmelev, Ivan, 327
Shostakovich, Dmitrii, 277
Shpilevsky, Pavel, 131
Shtakelberg, Ernst, 147–148
Shuisky, Vasilii (Tsar), 27
Shulgin, Vasilii, 187–189, 195–196, 198–199, 201
indigenization campaign and, 231, 238
in Soviet Union, 227–228
Ukrainian language and, 230–231
Shulgin, Vasilko, 202
Shumsky, Oleksandr, 232, 233, 236, 242
Shushkevich, Stanislaŭ, 313
Sigismund III (King of Poland), 27
Simeon of Polatsk (Polotsky, Simeon), 38, 40, 41–42, 44, 51, 100
Simonov, Konstantin, 277
Single Economic Space, 323
Skirmunt, Raman, 205
Skoropadsky, Ivan (Hetman of Ukraine), 43, 205
Skoropadsky, Pavlo (Hetman of Ukraine), 201–202
Skrypnyk, Mykola, 233, 242, 293
Slavic Benevolent Society, 147
Slavic Ethnography. See Slovanský národopis
Slavophiles, 107–108, 111, 113–114, 116
Slovanský národopis (Slavic Ethnography) (Šafárik), 125, 147
Slovo (Word) (newspaper), 146, 148, 150
Smetona, Antanas, 239
Smolich, Arkadz, 206
Sobchak, Anatolii, 312
Solari, Pietro Antonio, 4
Solidarity, 300
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, viii, 291–292, 303–304, 305, 327
songs
nationalism in, 269, 271
patriotism and, 321
Sosiura, Volodymyr, 280
Soviet secret police. See GPU
Soviet Union
birth of, 211–213
economy, 299–300, 301
formation of, 217–225
Hero of the Soviet Union, 294
population growth, 300
Russian Federation and, 302
Shulgin in, 227–228
Ukraine and, 218, 282–284
See also “Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People”
space race, 286
Spasskaia (Savior’s) Tower, 4
Special Council, 144–145
Sreznevsky, Izmail, 109, 110–111, 117, 126, 127
St. Sophia’s Cathedral (Kyiv), 5
Stalin, Joseph, 175, 214, 231–232, 242
on Belarus, 234–235
Bolshevik Party and, 193, 197
Engels and, 249–250
foreign policy and, 267
“Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People” and, 269–273
with history, revival of, 249
Hitler and, 260, 262–263, 268, 269, 272
indigenization campaign and, 229, 239
legacy, 277–279, 281, 284–286
Lenin and, 212–213, 219–225, 260
Molotov and, 278
in Pravda, 245–246, 265
Soviet Union and, 219–221
subversion and, 251–252
toast from, 275
on Ukraine, 248–249
Stalin Prize, 265, 273–274, 275
Starina i novizna (Antiquity and Novelty) (journal), 60
Stolypin, Petr, 171
Strategic Defense Initiative, 300–301
Strategy for Russia: Agenda for the President—2000 (Council for Foreign and Defense Policy), 321–322
Struve, Petr, 166–167, 171, 173, 182
with culture, 207, 340–341
influence of, 183
Stus, Vasyl, 293
subsidies, for media, 146–147
subversion, 251–252
suicide, 241, 242, 257, 293
Sumarokov, Aleksandr, 49, 50
Suvorov, Aleksandr, 63, 272
Sweden, 16, 17, 42–43, 47, 172, 254
Synopsis (Kyivan Cave Monastery), 40–41, 48
Tadzhikistan, 306
Tale of the Princes of Vladimir, 14
Tatars, 5–6, 8–9, 10–11, 17, 315
Teheran Conference, 273
Teplov, Grigorii, 47
Teutonic Knights, 16, 254
Theses on the Reunification of Ukraine and Russia, 293
Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), 30, 34
The Three Capitals (Shulgin), 227–228
Tikhon (Archimandrite), vii–viii, 327
Time of Troubles, 27–30, 35, 75
Tishkov, Valerii, 313–314, 328–329
“To the Slanderers of Russia” (Pushkin), 79
Tolstoy, Aleksei, 254
Tolstoy, Leo, 328
treason, 96, 196, 249
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 204
Treaty of Rapallo (1922), 217–218
Treaty of Riga (1921), 234
Trediakovsky, Vasilii, 49, 50
Trenev, Konstantin, 253
Tretiakov Gallery, 254
Trotsky, Leon, 197, 214, 223, 229, 238
Truce of Andrusovo (1667), 39, 40, 124
Tumansky, Fedir, 60
Turkmenistan, 325
Tver, 7
Twelfth Party Congress, 223–224, 229, 230
“The Two Rus’ Nationalities” (Kostomarov), 128–129
Tychyna, Pavlo, 293
Tymoshenko, Yulia, 335
Ukraine, 6, 88, 105, 129, 133, 293, 348–349
annexation of, 263
attitudes toward, 66
Bolshevik Party and, 214–217
citizenship and, 201
Crimea and, 283, 284, 319
economy, 287, 323
Great Ukrainian Famine, 241–242
identity and, 350–351
indigenization campaign and, 241–243
literature, 108–111, 138–146, 280
nationhood and, 106–120, 127–128, 151–153, 194–199, 200–202, 207, 312
natural gas and, 325
Orthodox Church and, 330–331
population, 307
Putin and, 326–327, 331–332, 335–337, 345–346
Rada and, 194–197
Roman Catholic Church in, 330, 331
Russian Federation and, 319, 331–332, 341–345
Russian-language speakers in, 295–296
Soviet Union and, 218, 282–284
Stalin on, 248–249
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, 241, 248
“Ukraine” (Kostomarov), 128
Ukrainian Helsinki Group, 304–306
Ukrainian Herald. See Ukraïns’kyi visnyk
Ukrainian language
education and, 165, 173, 230, 233, 288–289
identity and, 230–231
literature and, 108–111, 138–146
role of, 117–119, 148–151
Special Council on, 144–145
support for, 228–234
suppression of, 137–146, 150, 162–163, 179–180, 207–208
Ukrainization
culture and, 233, 265
education and, 266
language and, 232
media and, 266
role of, 229–230, 234, 238, 241
termination of, 242
Ukraïns’kyi visnyk (Ukrainian Herald), 164
underground journals, 304
UNESCO, viii
Uniate (Greek-Catholic) Church
with conversion, forced, 67–68, 96–97, 160
Orthodox Church and, 97, 98–100, 180
Roman Catholic Church and, 29, 98, 160
with uprising in Poland, 95–96
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, 241, 248
“Union of Autonomist Federalists,” 165
Union of Polatsk (1839), 100
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), ix–x
Union of the Russian People, 169–170
unions, labor, 300
United Baltic Duchy, 200
United Nations Organization, 273
United States (US), 270, 286, 299, 301, 326, 336
economy, 300
with sanctions, 346
uprisi
ngs
Decembrist (1825), 87
peasant revolts, 158–159, 195
Poland and, 63, 65, 68, 79–80, 95–101, 122–123
protests, 158–159, 303, 307, 336
US. See United States
USSR. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Ustrialov, Nikolai, 91, 120, 142
Uvarov, Sergei, 81–84, 89–91, 115
education and, 92, 93
nationality and, 134–135
Valdemar (Prince of Denmark), 30
Valuev, Petr, 137–138, 140–141
Vasilii II “the Blind” (Prince of Muscovy), 7, 22
Vasilii III (Prince of Muscovy), 14
Veche (journal), 304
Venelin, Yurii, 127
Viazemsky, Aleksandr 59
“village prose,” 291, 292, 303
Virgil, 108
Vishnevsky, Vsevolod, 253
Vladimir (Bogoiavlensky) (Metropolitan), 198
Vladimir (Prince of Kyiv). See Volodymyr the Great
Voikov, Petr, 240
Volin, Boris, 255
Volodymyr the Great (Prince of Kyiv), vii–viii, 5, 9, 38–39, 94–95, 252
Voltaire, 71, 81
Volunteer Army, 206, 208
Vorotynsky, Semen (Prince), 13
Vsiakaia vsiachina (Anything and Everything) (journal), 60
Western Committee. See Committee on the Western Provinces
What Every Belarusian Needs to Know (Lastoŭski), 205–206
“What the Dismemberment of Russia Promises the World” (Ilin), 327
White Movement, 199, 206–208
White Rus’, 38, 41, 61, 135
Władysław IV (King of Poland), 27
world, end of, 23
World Council of Churches, 285
World War I. See Great War
World War II, 260, 270–271
attitudes toward, 263–264
“Belarusian Front,” 273
See also “Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People”
Wrangel, Petr, 208, 220, 228
Yakemenko, Vasilii, 324
Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 292
Yanukovych, Viktor, 323–324, 335–337
Yaroslav the Wise (Prince of Kyiv), 5, 94
Yavorsky, Stefan (Metropolitan), 45
Yeltsin, Boris
Commonwealth of Independent States and, 313, 318–319
coup and, 310–311
criticism of, 314
elections, 309–310
Gorbachev and, 310, 311–312
oligarchs and, 322
Putin and, 317–318, 321
rise of, 309–310
Yeltsin, Naina, 310
Yenukidze, Avel, 235–236
Yurii of Vladimir (Prince), 5
Yushchenko, Viktor, 324–325
Yuzefovich, Mikhail, 144, 147, 150
Zatonsky, Volodymyr, 198, 240–241
Zavadovsky, Petro, 59–60, 92, 93
Zavtra (Tomorrow) (newspaper), 342
Zealots of Piety, 30–31
Zhdanov, Andrei, 274, 279–280
Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 278
Zhukovsky, Vasilii, 79–80, 94, 109
Zinoviev, Grigorii, 224, 229, 238
Zosima (Metropolitan), 23
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