151 “Mr. Justice” salutation: Linda Greenhouse, Becoming Justice Blackmun: Harry Blackmun’s Supreme Court Journey (New York: Times Books, 2005), 142.
151 who proposed the change: Justice John Paul Stevens, interview with the author, July 21, 2014.
151 too much to take: Biskupic, Sandra Day O’Connor, 140–41.
152 Roe emerged unscathed: Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc. 462 U.S. 416 (1983), http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/462/416.
153 her dissenting opinion: Biskupic, Sandra Day O’Connor, 152.
154 overrule Roe v. Wade altogether: U.S. amicus curiae brief, Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, http://searchjustice.usdoj.gov/search?q=cache:GWtsK44B-J4J:www.justice.gov/osg/briefs/1982/sg820172.txt+repeal+roe+v.+wade&output=xml_no_dtd&ie=iso-8859-1&client=default_frontend&proxystylesheet=default_frontend&site=default_collection &access=p&oe=ISO-8859-1. The Reagan and Bush I solicitor general’s office were much criticized for their escalating attack on Roe, culminating, in 1992, with Solicitor General Charles Fried’s argument to overturn it; Lincoln Caplan, The Tenth Justice: The Solicitor General and the Rule of Law (New York: Knopf, 1987), 143–45.
154 first female champion: Biskupic, Sandra Day O’Connor, 151–52.
154 George Washington Law School: David Von Drehle, “Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Her Life and Her Law,” Washington Post, July 18–20, 1993, Ginsburg Archive, Library of Congress, Box 46 (picture of Ginsburg and O’Connor at the 1983 conference).
155 casebooks on the subject: Pat Cain, interview with the author, March 21, 2014.
CHAPTER 11: WOMEN WORK FOR JUSTICE O’CONNOR
156 female law students to the steno pool: Fred Strebeigh, Equal: Women Reshape American Law (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 146.
157 Out of seventy-five partners: Ibid., 199.
157 a few years earlier: David Margolick, “Sex Bias Suit Perils Law Firms’ Methods of Picking Partners,” New York Times, April 23, 1983, http://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/23/us/sex-bias-suit-perils-law-firms-methods-of-picking-partners.html.
158 over the moon: Nina Burleigh and Stephanie B. Goldberg, “Breaking the Silence: Sexual Harassment in Law Firms,” ABA Journal, August 1989, http://books.google.com/books?id=_EhWudQgJpoC&pg=PA46&dq=king+and+spalding+wet+t+shirt+wall+street+journal&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AxZhVJKtKLLdsAT8k4CoAg&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=king%20and%20spalding%20wet%20t%20shirt%20wall%20street%20journal&f=false.
158 “have said so?”: Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69 (1984), oral argument, http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1983/1983_82_940.
159 hidden from view: Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Hishon file.
159 steal his majority: Bob Woodward and Scott Armstrong, The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979), 75. At least one of Burger’s colleagues, Potter Stewart, blew the whistle on him with the reporters here; see J. Anthony Lukas, “Playboy Interview: Bob Woodward,” Playboy (February 1, 1989), 51.
160 “modern law firm”: Powell, memo to self, October 27, 1983, Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Hishon file.
160 Women in the Profession: Lynn Hecht Schafran, interview with the author, March 22, 2014.
161 changed by females: Barbara Harris, Beyond Her Sphere: Women and the Professions in American History (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978), 110.
161 women in the legal profession: O’Connor, “Introduction: Achievements of Women in the Legal Profession,” New York State Bar Journal 57 (1985): 8.
162 ’70s consciousness-raising: Strebeigh, Equal, 218–26.
162 proper subject for the law: Ibid. Strebeigh tells this story thoroughly and well.
163 administrative assistant sued her boss: Julie Berebitsky, Sex and the Office: A History of Gender, Power, and Desire (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2012).
163 “never have been solicited”: Barnes v. Costle, 561 F.2d 983 (1977).
164 dead-end life: Strebeigh, Equal, 209.
164 “raped her on several occasions”: Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 60 (1986).
166 liberals on the Burger Court: Powell’s papers trace the developments on the Court; Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Meritor v. Vinson.
167 turned to Sandra Day O’Connor: Strebeigh, Equal, 303.
167 voting with the conservatives: Stephen Gilles, interview with the author, March 28, 2014.
168 had a long good life: Strebeigh, Equal, 305.
168 he lost his job: Ibid.
168 eight different opinions!: Ellereth v. Burlington Industries, 123 F.3d 490 (1997) (United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit).
169 in any big cases: Beverly B. Cook, “Sandra Day O’Connor,” in The Burger Court: Political and Judicial Profiles, edited by Charles M. Lamb and Stephen C. Halpern (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), 272.
171 willing to contemplate its virtues: Ruth Bader Ginsburg, “Gender and the Constitution,” University of Cincinnati Law Review 44 (1975): 1–42, 75.
171 the Johnson case: Ginsburg, speech, New York Historical Society, October 28, 2014.
171 she asked herself: Powell, notes on conference, Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Johnson file.
172 “claim of discrimination”: Johnson v. Transportation Agency, 480 U.S. 616 (1987), at 647, http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/480/616#writing-USSC_CR_0480_0616_ZC1.
172 tightening the noose: Adarand Construction v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995), http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/515/200.
CHAPTER 12: QUEEN SANDRA’S COURT
174 “maternal” acts of kindness: John Setear, interview with the author, April 1, 2014.
175 Raiders of the Lost Ark: Joan Greco, interview with the author, April 4, 2014.
175 she liked clerking for Ginsburg: Ibid.
175 a crowd half her age: Ibid.
176 she had already met: Ginsburg, letter to O’Connor, April 25, 1988, Ginsburg Archive, Library of Congress, Box 39.
176 comment on her remarks: Ibid.
176 In her travel diary: Ginsburg Archive, Library of Congress, Box 39.
176 breast cancer: She did not speak of it for six years, until she gave a graphically revealing speech to a convention of breast cancer survivors. O’Connor, “Surviving Cancer,” C-SPAN, November 3, 1994, http://www.c-span.org/video/?61342-1/surviving-cancer.
176 Mark Lippman: Ibid.
177 “Depressing” and “traumatic”: O’Connor, letter to Powell, Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law, Octobrer 28, 1988, and letter to Goldwater, Personal and Political Papers of Senator Barry M. Goldwater, Arizona State University Libraries Arizona Collection, November 1, 1988.
178 legacies of her tenure: Ginsburg, “A Woman’s Voice May Do Some Good,” Politico, September 25, 2013, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/09/women-oconnor-ginsburg-supreme-court-97313.html.
178 accounting giant Price Waterhouse: Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989).
179 “hair styled, and wear jewelry”: 618 F.Supp. at 1117.
179 “appealing lady ptr [partnership] candidate”: Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, at 237.
180 “she was on the bench”: Ann Hopkins, “Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins: A Personal Account of a Sexual Discrimination Plaintiff,” Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal 22 (2005): 357, http://law.hofstra.edupdfacademics/journals/laborandemploymentlawjournal/labor_hopkins_vol22no2.pdf.
181 Brennan was manifestly ailing: Biskupic, Sandra Day O’Connor, 195.
181 “the nation that he does”: O’Connor to Barry Goldwater, November 1, 1988, Personal and Political Papers of Senator Barry M. Goldwater, Arizona State University Libraries Arizona Collection.
181 “notions of party or race”: John McCain to Goldwater, November 26, 1984, Personal and Political Papers of Senator Barry M. Goldwater,
Arizona State University Libraries Arizona Collection, O’Connor file.
181 “our population is black?”: Goldwater to John O’Connor, December 3, 1984, Personal and Political Papers of Senator Barry M. Goldwater, Arizona State University Libraries Arizona Collection, O’Connor file.
182 Republicans would win their races: O’Connor, letter with calculation of election predictions, undated, Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law.
182 going to write separately anyway: Byron R. White Papers, Library of Congress, Hopkins case file.
183 with voluble displeasure: Robert A. Kearny, “The High Price of Price Waterhouse: Dealing with Direct Evidence of Discrimination,” University of Pennsylviania Journal of Labor and Employment Law 5 (2003): 303–33, at 305, and cases cited in footnotes therein, https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jbl/articles/volume5/issue2/Kearney5U.Pa.J.Lab.&Emp.L.303(2003).pdf.
183 ensure her support: Maveety, Justice Sandra Day O’Connor, Strategist on the Supreme Court (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996), 51 (from the Marshall papers).
183 opinion of whoever was writing: ibid., 61; Robert W. Van Sickel, Not a Particularly Different Voice: The Jurisprudence of Sandra Day O’Connor (New York: P. Lang, 1998), 49, citing Susan Behuniak-Long, “Justice Sandra Day O’Connor and the Power of Maternal Legal Thinking,” Review of Politics 54 (1992): 428.
CHAPTER 13: NO QUEEN’S PEACE IN THE ABORTION WARS
184 attacking Roe v. Wade: The lecture, which was delivered on April 6, 1984, was later published as Ruth Bader Ginsburg, “Some Thoughts on Autonomy and Equality in Relation to Roe v. Wade,” North Carolina Law Review 63 (1985): 375–86.
186 “sanctity of innocent human life”: Linda Greenhouse and Reva Siegel, eds., Before Roe v. Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate before the Supreme Court’s Ruling (New York: Kaplan, 2010), 260.
186 ask the Court to do so: Mike Hoey, “A Short History of the Missouri Catholic Conference 1967–2007,” http://www.mocatholic.org/wp-content/uploads201210/MCC-Short-History-1.pdf.
186 escape the confrontation with Roe: Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989), http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1988/1988_88_605.
186 wasn’t as bad as it looked: Ibid., oral argument.
187 from Ginsburg’s chambers, Daniel Mandil: Edward Lazarus, Closed Chambers: The First Eyewitness Account of the Epic Struggles Inside the Supreme Court (New York: Times Books, 1998). A lot of the inside information on Webster comes from Lazarus, who explicitly cites Mandil as his source.
187 Judge Robert Bork: The clerks’ political commitments can often be verified by a quick check of their political contributions; see, for example, “Andrew McBride: Political Campaign Contributions, 2010 Election Cycle,” CampaignMoney.com, http://www.campaignmoney.com/political/contributions/andrew-mcbride.asp?cycle=10 (accessed November 17, 2014).
187 opposite end of the political spectrum: “Jane Stromseth Contributions,” FindTheBest.com, http://individual-contributions.findthedata.org/l/1010743/Jane-Stromseth (accessed November 17, 2014).
189 doctor gag order: O’Connor, memorandum, May 23, 1989, Byron R. White Papers, Library of Congress.
189 “And to do so carefully”: Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989), at 526, http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/492/490/case.html.
189 “fraudulent” and “indecent”: Linda Greenhouse, Becoming Justice Blackmun: Harry Blackmun’s Supreme Court Journey (New York: Times Books, 2005), 193.
191 Pennsylvania court had just done: Ibid., 201–3, for the story on Kolbert’s strategy and the Court’s scheduling of the appeal. The memo on O’Connor’s concerns about the election comes from Blackmun’s papers; see David Garrow “The Brains Behind Blackmun,” Legal Affairs, May–June 2005, http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/May-June-2005/feature_garrow_mayjun05 .msp; David Garrow, “A Landmark Decision—Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey,” Dissent 39 (Fall 1992): 427–29, n. 4; Harry A. Blackmun Papers, Library of Congress, Box 601.
191 review the abortion case: Jeffrey Toobin, The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court (New York: Doubleday, 2007), 49–50; Lazarus, Closed Chambers, 463.
191 Justices Stevens and Blackmun: different leakers have different versions.
191 Rehnquist abandoned the tactic: Toobin, The Nine, 50, on Stevens; Lazarus, Closed Chambers, 463, on Blackmun and Stevens.
192 Souter’s clerk told Dangel: Greenhouse, Becoming Justice Blackmun, 201.
192 FWOTSC to overrule Roe: Tom Zemaitis, interview with the author, April 17, 2014.
192 assigned the opinion to himself: Lazarus, Closed Chambers, 466–70, for the story; also Dennis J. Hutchinson, The Man Who Once Was Whizzer White: A Portrait of Justice Byron R. White (New York: Free Press, 1998), 428–29.
193 Endangered Species Act: Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992), http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/504/555.
193 “come as welcome news”: Harry A. Blackmun Papers, Library of Congress, 1992.
193 “vision of the woman’s role”: Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992), troika opinion, http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/505/833/case.html.
193 exulted over this opinion: Ginsberg delivered the Madison Lecture at New York University School of Law in 1992; Ruth Bader Ginsburg, “Speaking in a Judicial Voice,” New York University Law Review 67 (1992): 1185, 1199, http://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/ECM_PRO_059254.pdf.
196 Critics concluded: There are many examples. One of the best summaries is Judith Olans Brown, Wendy E. Parmet, and Mary E. O’Connell, “The Rugged Feminism of Sandra Day O’Connor,” Indiana Law Review 32 (1999): 1219–46, Northeastern University School of Law Research Paper, http://ssrn.com/abstract=1984862 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984862.
196 white, middle class, married: Ibid., 1227.
CHAPTER 14: I’M RUTH, NOT SANDRA
199 determined to make history: Richard Davis, Electing Justice: Fixing the Supreme Court Nomination Process (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5252I.pdf.
200 another liberal vote: David Alistair Yalof, Pursuit of Justices: Presidential Politics and the Selection of Supreme Court Nominees (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).
200 dangling for months: George Stephanopoulos, All Too Human: A Political Education (Boston: Little, Brown, 1999), 165–70.
200 posse was hard at work: Stephen Labaton, “Senators See Easy Approval for Nominee,” New York Times, June 16, 1993, http://www.nytimes.com/1993 0616/us/senators-see-easy-approval-for-nominee.html.
201 “impressed on a personal basis”: Bernard Nussbaum, interview with the author, June 2, 2014.
201 “footnote” type: Jeffrey Toobin, The Nine, 75.
202 “anti-stereotype principle”: Cary Franklin, “The AntiStereotyping Principle in Constitutional Sex Discrimination Law,” New York University Law Review 85, no. 1 (2010).
202 would never experience?: Catharine MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment of Working Women (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press 1979), Introduction, 1–8; Fred Strebeigh, Equal: Women Reshape American Law (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 240–41; Jeffrey Rosen, “The Book of Ruth,” The New Republic, August 2, 1993, http://www.newrepublic.com/article/politics/thebook-ruth and http://www.holysmoke.org/sdhok/fem02.htm.
202 in a different voice: Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982).
203 “That woman has bad karma”: Rosen, “The Book of Ruth.”
203 “unsettle women’s separate spheres”: Ginsburg Archive, Library of Congress, Box 15, F 1988.
203 disadvantaged by history and culture: Rosen, “The Book of Ruth”; http://www.newrepublic.com/article/politics/thebook-ruth.
203 she noted, “arrogant”: Ginsburg Archive, Library of Congress, Box 15, F 1988.
203 “distinctly mal
e or female thinking”: Ginsburg Archive, Library of Congress, Box 15, F May 1991, Amherst speech.
203 “Judging in a Different Voice”: Suzanna Sherry, “Civic Virtue and the Feminine Voice in Constitutional Adjudication,” Virginia Law Review 72 (1986): 543; see O’Connor’s comments in the Madison Lecture, delivered at New York University School of Law in 1991, Sandra Day O’Connor, “Portia’s Progress,” New York University Law Review 66 (1991): 1546.
204 “those of my colleagues”: Portia’s Progress, http://midcoastseniorcollege.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Sandra-Day-OConnor-Portias-Progress.pdf, citing Sherry, “Civic Virtue.”
204 faxed from the Supreme Court chambers: Ginsburg Archive, Library of Congress, Box 30, December 1991 folder.
204 abortion decision, Roe v. Wade: Ruth Bader Ginsburg, “Speaking in a Judicial Voice,” New York University Law Review 67 (1992), http://www.law.nyu .edu/sites/default/files/ECM_PRO_059254.pdf.
205 Kate Michelman among them: Tom Brokaw and Lisa Myers, “Reaction to Nomination of Ruth Bader Ginsburg to Supreme Court,” NBC Nightly News, June 14, 1993, https://highered.nbclearn.com/portal/site/HigherEd/flatview?cuecard=3734.
205 subject of speculative leaks: Anthony Lewis, “Abroad at Home: How Not to Choose,” New York Times, May 10, 1993, http://news.google.com/newspapers ?nid=1755&dat=19930512&id=qQocAAAAIBAJ&sjid=q3sEAAAAIBAJ &pg=6654,2594453.
205 William Coleman wrote: Stephen Labaton, “Senators See Easy Approval for Nominee,” New York Times, June 16, 1993, http://www.nytimes.com/19930616/us/senators-see-easy-approval-for-nominee.html.
206 were squeaky clean: Gardiner Harris, “M. D. Ginsburg, 78, Dies, Lawyer and Tax Expert,” New York Times, June 27, 2010.
206 Many observers credit: Jeffrey Toobin, The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court (New York: Doubleday, 2007), 81.
207 Rose Garden for the announcement: “Ginsburg Supreme Court Nomination,” C-SPAN, June 14, 1993, http://www.c-span.org/video/?42908-1/ginsburg-supreme-court-nomination.
207 through the process: Joel Klein, interview with the author, May 21, 2014.
208 she gave her minders fits: Marcia Coyle, Tony Mauro, and Todd Ruger, “Clinton Docs Reveal Concerns About Court Nominees,” LegalTimes, July 18, 2014, http://www.nationallawjournal.com/legaltimes/id=1202663790913/Clinton-Docs-Reveal-Concerns-About-Court-Nominees#ixzz3IsohEp8v.
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