Lawrence
Page 49
Wilson
Jeremy Wilson, Lawrence of Arabia. The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence, London, 1989
Mack, Prince
John Mack: A Prince of Our Disorder “ the Life of T. E. Lawrence, London, 1976
Introduction: The Valley of the Moon
1. SPW, 1935, p. 363.
1. Apparent Queen Unveiled Her Peerless Light
1. Celandine Kennington, MS. Res., c. 228.
2. François Bedarida, A Social History of England, London, 1979, p. 162.
3. RG.
4. John Betjeman, Victorian and Edwardian Oxford, Oxford, 1971.
5. Celandine Kennington, MS. Res., c. 228.
6. ibid.
7. ibid.
8. ibid.
9. Mack, Prince.
10. Celandine Kennington, MS. Res., c. 228.
11. Brown Letters, p. 325.
12. ibid., p. 326.
13. Mack, Prince, p. 7.
14. MS. Res., c. 228.
15. Proverbs 13:12.
16. Marten Schild,’ The Immaculate Hero and His Imperfect Shadow’, unpublished MS: I am most grateful to Marten Schild for the inspiration of several of the ideas on this page.
17. MS. Res., c. 228.
18. British Library, Add. MSS. 45903, Charlotte Shaw Letters.
19. ibid.
20. Mack, Prince.
21. MS. Res., c. 228.
22. British Library, Add. MSS. 45903, Charlotte Shaw Letters.
23. SPW, 1935, p. 446.
24. See Arnie Lawrence in a letter to Miss Early, 17 December 1963. ‘TE had a more than customary fear of pain … nor was he a natural hero or naturally brave.’ MS. Res., b. 56.
25. Friends, p. 37.
26. ibid.
27. British Library, Add. MSS. 45903, Charlotte Shaw Letters.
28. Friends, p. 31.
29. Sir Harold Nicolson, MS. Res., 55/2.
30. SPW, Oxford text, 1926, p. 262.
31. MS. Res., 55/2.
32. SPW, 1935, p. 584.
2. Dominus Illuminatio Mea
1. Jan Morris, Oxford, Oxford, 1978, p. 30.
2. SPW, Oxford text, 1926.
3. LH, p. 79.
4. T. E. Lawrence, The Mint, London (1936), 1973, p. 175.
5. Friends, p. 314.
6. Bedarida, Social History of England, p. 72.
7. HL, p. 35.
8. Garnett Letters, p. 78.
9. LH.
10. Friends, p. 591.
11. Lawrence James, The Golden Warrior: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia, London, 1995.
12. MS. Res., p. 56.
13. RG.
14. Clare Sydney Smith, The Golden Reign. The Story of My Friendship with Lawrence of Arabia, London, 1940, p. 8.
15. ibid., p. 37.
16. Friends, p. 53.
17. SPW, 1935, p. 57.
18. Mack, Prince, p. 21.
19. MS. Res., 55/2.
20. Friends, p. 62.
21. Friends, p. 31.
22. A. W. Lawrence, letter to Jim Ede, 1937.
23. Brown Letters, p. 305.
3. Nothing Which Qualified Him to be an Ordinary Member of Society
1. SPW, 1935, p. 581.
2. Brown Letters, p. 67.
3. ibid., p. 45.
4. HL, p. 198.
5. Suleiman Mousa, T. E. Lawrence: An Arab View, London, 1966, p. 78.
6. SPW, 1935, p. 569.
7. Ronald Storrs, Daily Telegraph, in MS. Res. 55/2.
8. Garnett Letters, p. 553.
9. ibid.
10. Friends, p. 246.
11. Harold Orlans (ed.), Lawrence of Arabia – the Literary Criticism and Correspondence of T. E. Lawrence, London, 1993, pp. 29–30.
12. HL, p. 18.
13. Lawrence, The Mint, p. 102.
14. HL, p. 31.
15. Orlans, Lawrence of Arabia, p. 32.
16. HL, p. 24.
17. ibid., p. 52.
18. Wilson, Authorised, p. 143.
19. ibid.
20. Vyvyan Richards, Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, The Lawrence of the Seven Pillars of Wisdom, London, 1936, p. 21.
21. ibid.
22. SPW, 1935, p. 547.
23. Brown Letters, p. 36.
24. ibid., p. 33.
25. Friends, p. 588.
26. Brown Letters, p. 29.
27. Richards, A Portrait of T. E. Lawrence.
28. Orlans, Lawrence of Arabia, p. 239.
29. Richards, A Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, p. 45.
30. Friends, p. 48.
31. HL, p. 61.
4. The Sultan Drank Tea as Usual
1. HL, p. 62.
2. Randall Baker, King Hussain and the Kingdom of the Hejaz, Cambridge, 1979, p. 10.
5. A Rather Remarkable Young Man
1. Friends, p. 55.
2. HL, p. 81.
3. ibid.
4. SPW, 1935, p. 36.
5. Brown Letters, p. 325.
6. ibid., p. 305.
7. Lawrence, The Mint.
8. Mack, Prince, p. 69.
9. George Lloyd, Blackwood’s Magazine.
10. Wilson, Authorised, p. 53.
11. RG, p. 67.
12. HL, p. 31.
13. Philip Knightley and Colin Simpson, The Secret Lives of Lawrence of Arabia, London, 1969, p. 20.
14. Brown Letters, p. 359.
15. ibid., p. 531.
16. Garnett Letters, p. 62.
17. HL, p. 98.
18. Garnett Letters, p. 63.
19. HL, p. 74.
20. ibid.
21. ibid., p. 97.
22. ibid.
23. ibid., p. 103.
24. ibid.
25. ibid., p. 104.
26. T. E. Lawrence, Crusader Castles, London, 1936, p. 95.
27. HL, p. 106.
28. ibid.
29. Friends, p. 77.
30. ibid.
31. Leeds Letters, p. 8.
6. Mr Hogarth is Going Digging
1. Mack, Prince, p. 66.
2. After the war, Lawrence gave a sum of money to Janet Laurie – this was part of Will’s inheritance from his father, which Lawrence received after Will’s death. This money would have come to Janet had she married Will, that is, if he had not been killed in the war, so Lawrence considered it rightfully hers. This gift was a sign of generosity and a sense of duty, but not evidence of personal attraction.
3. Brown Letters, p. 117.
4. HL, p. 208.
5. Leeds Letters, p. 10.
6. Lawrence, The Mint, p. 82.
7. Leeds Letters, p. 25.
8. ibid., p. 13.
9. HL, p. 144.
10. Friends, p. 115.
11. ibid.
12. HL, p. 141.
13. Friends, p. 87.
14. HL, p. 169.
15. ibid., p. 170.
16. ibid., p. 115.
17. ibid., p. 170.
18. Friends, p. 92. Neither Woolley nor Lawrence ever confirmed that Dahoum’s name was Salim Ahmad. This idea came from Tom Beaumont, who served with Lawrence as a machine-gunner in the Syrian campaign and whose testimony is dubious. However, whether or not Dahoum was actually called Salim Ahmad or Sheikh Ahmad he seems to be the best candidate for the subject of ‘To SA’ – Lawrence frequently changed names when it suited him.
19. C. Leonard Woolley, Dead Towns and Living Men, being Pages from an Antiquary’s Notebook, London, 1932, pp. 24–5, 18.
20. HL, p. 114.
21. ibid., p. 172.
22. Brown Letters, p. 40.
23. ibid.
24. SPW, 1935, p. 354.
25. ibid.
26. Friends, p. 92.
27. HL, p. 161.
28. ibid., p. 162.
29. ibid., p. 161.
30. Bell, Lady, The Letters of Gertrude Bell, London, 1927.
31. T. E. Lawrence, 1911 Diary, London, 1939, p. 31.
32. HL, p. 161.
&n
bsp; 7. The Baron in the Feudal System
1. HL, p. 181.
2. LH, p. 54.
3. HL, p. 190.
4. ibid., p. 195.
5. Woolley, Dead Towns, p. 152.
6. ibid., p. 156.
7. ibid.
8. Leeds Letters, p. 137.
9. Garnett Letters, p. 161.
10. Friends, p. 91.
11. Leeds Letters, p. 137.
12. HL, p. 218.
13. Woolley, Dead Towns, p. 171.
14. Leeds Lottery, p. 43.
15. Woolley, Dead Towns, p. 172.
16. ibid., p. 129.
17. HL, p. 125.
18. ibid., p. 229.
19. ibid.
20. ibid., p. 232.
8. Peace in Mesopotamia Such as Has Not Been Seen for Generations
1. Garnett Letters, p. 152.
2. Brown Letters, p. 51.
3. ibid.
4. RG, p. 67.
5. Leeds Letters, p. 76.
6. HL, p. 442.
7. ibid., p. 443.
8. Garnett Letters, p. 155.
9. SPW, 1935, p. 96.
10. Friends, p. 96.
11. ibid., p. 80.
12. Garnett Letters, p. 161.
9. The Insurance People Have Nailed Me Down
1. Friends, p. 105.
2. HL, p. 285.
3. Garnett Letters, p. 167.
4. Leeds Letters, p. 99.
5. Garnett Letters, p. 161.
6. Leeds Letters, pp. 102–3.
7. Garnett Letters, p. 185.
8. ibid., pp. 185–6.
9. ibid. p. 187.
10. RG, p. 81.
11. Richard Aldington, Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Enquiry, 1955, p. 124.
12. Baker, King Hussain and the Kingdom of the Hejaz, p. 43.
13. ibid.
10. Cairo is Unutterable Things
1. Mack, Prince, p. 132.
2. Friends, p. 160.
3. HL, p. 305.
4. Friends, p. 138.
5. Brown Letters, p. 72.
6. John Buchan, Greenmantle, p. 24.
7. HL, p. 302.
8. Brown Letters, p. 72.
9. SPW, 1935, p. 56.
10. Ronald Storrs, Orientations, London, 1944, p. 224.
11. ibid., p. 219.
12. Garnett Letters, p. 196.
13. George Antonius, The Arab Awakening, London, 1938, p. 158.
14. Garnett Letters, p. 196.
15. ibid., p. 197.
16. ibid.
17. James Morris, Farewell the Trumpets: An Imperial Retreat, London, 1978, p. 191.
18. Garnett Letters, p. 199.
19. Brown Letters, p. 72.
20. Lawrence, The Mint, p. 35.
21. MS. Res., 55/2.
22. James, The Golden Warrior, p. 198.
23. Garnett Letters, p. 198.
24. ibid., p. 197.
25. Elie Kedourie, In the Anglo-Arabian Labyrinth – the McMahon – Husayn Correspondence and Its Interpretations 1914–1939, Cambridge, 1976, p. 67.
26. ibid.
27. HL, p. 308.
28. ibid.
29. Brown Letters, pp. 78–9.
30. Antonius, The Arab Awakening, p. 175.
31. Wilson, Authorised, p. 259.
32. Friends, p. 123.
33. Sulayman Fayzi, interviewed by Suleiman Mousa, in MS. Res., c. 569.
34. ibid.
35. RG, p. 81.
36. From Wilfred Owen, ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, Poems, 1918.
37. Eric Linklater, A Highland Regiment.
38. SPW, 1935, Introduction.
39. ibid., p. 58.
40. Garnett Letters.
11. The Biggest Thing in the Near East Since 1550
1. David Hogarth, ‘War and Discovery in Arabia’, Geographical Journal, March 1920.
2. Antonius, The Arab Awakening, p. 196.
3. Baker, King Hussain and the Kingdom of the Hejaz, p. 102.
4. Abdallah, King of Jordan, Memoirs, ed. Philip Graves, 1950, p. 147.
12. Fallen Like a Sword into Their Midst
1. Robertson–Murray Correspondence, British Librrary, 1 October 1916.
2. ibid., 17 October 1916.
3. Storrs, Orientations, p. 203.
4. SPW, 1935, p. 67.
5. James, The Golden Warrior, p. 175.
6. Wilson, Authorised, p. 302.
7. SPW, 1935, p. 446.
8. ibid. p. 92.
9. ibid.
10. LH, p. 188.
11. ibid., p. 189.
12. T. E. Lawrence, Secret Despatches from Arabia, ed. Malcolm Brown, London, 1991, p. 70.
13. Pierce Joyce Papers, King’s College, London, 27 September 1917.
14. LH, p. 189.
15. SPW, 1935, p. 63.
16. RG, p. 51.
17. J. L. Burckhardt, Notes on the Bedouins and Wahhabys, 2 vols., London, 1830, p. 133.
18. ibid., p. 134.
19. C. S. Jarvis, Yesterday and Today in Sinai, London, 1941, p. 18.
20. Pierce Joyce Papers, King’s College, London, 18 November 1917.
21. Alec Kirkbride, BBC interview, December 1962, in MS. Res., 55/2.
22. SPW, 1935, p. 64.
13. Not an Army But a World is Moving upon Wejh
1. T. E. Lawrence, ‘Evolution of a Revolt’ in Evolution of a Revolt: Early Postwar Writings of T. E. lawrence, ed. S. and R. Weintraub, Pennsylvania, 1968, p. 106.
2. Wilson, Authorised, p. 320.
3. Lawrence to Clayton, 5 December 1916, PRO FO, 882.
4. ibid.
5. ibid.
6. Wilson, Authorised, p. 342.
7. Wilson to Clayton, 7 December 1916, PRO FO, 882.
8. ibid.
9. SPW, 1935, p. 134.
10. PRO FO, 686.
11. N. N. E. Bray, Shifting Sands, London, 1934, p. 133.
14. I Do Not Suppose Any Englishman Before Ever Had Such a Place
1. Literally ‘Father of the Ostrich’.
2. SPW, 1935, p. 187.
3. Wilson, Authorised, p. 358.
4. PRO FO, 88/6 196.
5. Brown Letters, p. 103.
6. Richards, A Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, p. 97.
7. Friends, p. 87.
8. Joyce, BBC interview, 14 June 1941 and 30 April 1939, in MS. Res., 55/2.
9. British Library, Add. Mss. 45915.
10. Mack, Prince, p. 239.
11. SPW, 1935, p. 193.
12. ibid., p. 198.
13. Mousa, T. E. Lawrence: An Arab View, p. 56.
14. Lawrence to Joyce, PRO FO, 686/6.
15. British Library, Add. Mss., 45983a.
16. SPW, 1935, p. 216.
17. PRO FO, 686/6, 24 April 1917.
18. ibid.
19. PRO FO, 686/6, 150.
15. It is Not Known What are the Present Whereabouts of Captain Lawrence
1. Auda was a great tale-teller, and the stories of his eating the hearts of his victims, as well as the toll of his killings, could well be exaggerated. J. N. Lockman has suggested that Auda’s tendency to elaborate might well have influenced Lawrence – in particular, Auda was so certain of his own fame that he would even tell stories against himself – perhaps giving Lawrence a precedent for the Dara’a fantasy – if fantasy it was (see J. N. L. Lockman, Scattered Tracks, p. 133). It is, however, by no means impossible that Auda had killed seventy-five men: even at the end of the twentieth century there exist men such as the Sardinian bandit Francesco Messina, who was convicted of killing fifty men in a family blood-feud.
2. Murray–Robertson correspondence, British Library.
3. Vickery to Clayton, PRO FO, 686/6 47.
4. Clayton to Vickery, PRO FO, 686/6 46.
5. Clayton, PRO FO, 882/6.
6. Lawrence’s ‘shopping list’ for the Aqaba mission, handwritten in his skeleton diary, includes a Lewis gun, but this is not referred to at all in his reports and disp
atches.
7. Wilson to Clayton, PRO FO, 882, 351.
8. British Library, Add. Mss., 45983a (Skeleton Diaries).
9. ibid.
10. British Library, Add. Mss., 45915 (War Diary).
11. Richards, A Portrait of T. E. Lawrence, p. 95.
12. SPW, 1935, p. 28.
13. British Library, Add. Mss., 45915 (War Diary).
14. SPW, Oxford text, 1926, p. 45.
15. SPW, 1935, p. 382. J. N. Lockman has claimed that this ‘Shimt’ is actually Gasim Abu Dumayk, the volatile Sheikh of the Dumaniyya Howaytat. This seems unlikely, for though the Dumaniyya fought at Aba 1-Lissan, they were not at Mudowwara: Lawrence clearly states that he had banned them from accompanying this raid.
16. British Library, Add. Mss. 45983a (Skeleton Diaries).
17. British Library, Add. Mss. 45915 (War Diary).
18. Lowell Thomas, MS. Res., 55/2.
19. Lyn Cowan, Masochism: A Jungian View, Texas, 1982, p. 124.
20. British Library, Add. Mss., 45915 (War Diary).
21. SPW, Oxford text, 1926.
22. Wilson, Authorised, p. 410.
23. British Library, Add. Mss. 45915 (War Diary).
24. SPW, 1935, p. 284.
25. Mousa, T. E. Lawrence: An Arab View, p. 175.
26. RG, pp. 88–90.
27. Brown Letters, p. 408.
28. ibid., p. 274.
29. British Library, Add. Mss, 45915 (War Diary).
30. SPW, 1935, p. 325.
31. Lawrence does not mention Slieve Foy in the 1935 text. He told Liddell Hart that the ship had actually been put in place to support the Arab attack on Aqaba: this does not square with the idea that the mission was unauthorized.
16. An Amateurish, Buffalo-Billy Sort of Performance
1. Lawrence, ‘Evolution of a Revolt’, p. 45.
2. W. F. Stirling, ‘Tales of Lawrence of Arabia’, Cornhill Magazine, 74 (1933), pp. 494ff.
3. SPW, 1935, p. 324.
4. ibid.
5. Lawrence, Secret Dispatches.
6. Garnett Letters, p. 228.
7. After writing this, I discovered that both Richard Aldington and J. N. Lockman had discovered the discrepancy. All credit must go to both of them for coming across this fact before myself.
8. SPW, Oxford text, 1926, p. 262.
9. Clayton to CIGS, PRO FO, 882/6.
10. SPW, 1935, p. 330.
11. ibid., p. 582.
12. PRO FO, 882, 12/13.
13. SPW, 1935, p. 395.
14. Clayton to Joyce, 18 September 1917, PRO FO, 882/7.
15. ibid.
16. SPW, 1935, p. 360.
17. Friends, p. 167.
18. ibid.
19. 13 September 1917, PRO FO, 882/4.
20. SPW, 1935, p. 369.
21. PRO FO, 882.
22. Brown Letters, p. 126.
23. Garnett Letters, p. 238.
17. Ahmad ibn Baqr, a Circassian from Qunaytra
1. SPW, 1935, p. 253.