by Ron Chernow
17. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 305.
18. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 437.
19. Foote, The Civil War, 3:873.
20. Ibid., 875.
21. Grant, Memoirs, 2:704.
22. PUSG, 14:330. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, April 2, 1865.
23. Korda, Clouds of Glory, 647.
24. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 149.
25. PUSG, 14:327. Telegram from Abraham Lincoln, April 2, 1865.
26. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 846.
27. Foreman, A World on Fire, 759.
28. Woodward, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 782. Diary entry for April 7, 1865.
29. Young, Around the World, 434.
30. Nevins and Thomas, The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 575. Diary entry for April 3, 1865.
31. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 310.
32. Grant, Memoirs, 2:707.
33. Donald, Lincoln, 576.
34. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 716.
35. Foote, The Civil War, 3:894.
36. GPL. S2 B11 F57. Letter of April 1900 [n.d.] from Charles A. Clark to Ida Tarbell.
37. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 452.
38. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 450.
39. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 452.
40. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 846.
41. Curtis, The Correspondence of John Lothrop Motley, 2:202. Letter to the Duchess of Argyll, May 27, 1865.
42. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, 612. Diary entry for April 5, 1865.
43. Holzer, Lincoln on War, 285.
44. Foote, The Civil War, 3:898.
45. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 150.
46. Ibid.
47. Foote, The Civil War, 3:901.
48. GPL. S2 B13. “Rawlins Letters.” Letter from John A. Rawlins to Mary E. Rawlins, April 4, 1865. JHWP.
49. PUSG, 14:342. Telegram to Edwin M. Stanton, April 4, 1865.
50. Ibid., 348. Letter from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, April 5, 1865.
51. Young, Around the World, 308.
52. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 312.
53. Richardson, A Personal History, 480.
54. Young, Around the World, 309.
55. Ibid.
56. Grant, Memoirs, 2:717.
57. Young, Around the World, 309.
58. Sheridan, Memoirs, 2:182.
59. Foreman, A World on Fire, 763–64.
60. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 848.
61. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 721.
62. PUSG, 14:358. Letter from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, April 6, 1865. Telegram from Abraham Lincoln, April 7, 1865.
63. Young, Around the World, 309.
64. Grant, Memoirs, 2:724.
65. PUSG, 14:362. Telegram to Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, April 7, 1865.
66. Grant, Memoirs, 2:728.
67. Smith, Grant, 399.
68. PUSG, 14:361. Letter to Gen. Robert E. Lee, April 7, 1865.
69. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 458.
70. Foote, The Civil War, 3:929.
71. Wilson, Patriotic Gore, 333.
72. PUSG, 14:361. Letter from Gen. Robert E. Lee, April 7, 1865.
73. Ibid., 367. Letter to Gen. Robert E. Lee, April 8, 1865.
74. Green, “Civil War Public Opinion of General Grant.”
75. Foote, The Civil War, 3:932–33.
76. PUSG, 14:367. Letter from Gen. Robert E. Lee, April 8, 1865.
77. New York Herald, July 6, 1878.
78. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 463.
79. Foote, The Civil War, 3:936.
80. Wilson, Rawlins, 320.
81. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 463.
82. PUSG, 14:371. Letter to Gen. Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865.
83. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 848.
84. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 432.
85. PUSG, 14:373. Letter from Gen. Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865.
86. Richardson, A Personal History, 490.
87. Morris, Sheridan, 256.
88. Young, Around the World, 382.
89. New York Herald, July 24, 1878.
90. USGH. “Interview with John Russell Young.”
91. GPL. S2 B24 F18. “Interview with Amos Webster.” HGP.
92. Chamberlain, The Passing of the Armies, 180.
93. Foote, The Civil War, 3:939.
94. Ibid.
95. Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 537.
96. Holzer, The Civil War in 50 Objects, 307.
97. Korda, Clouds of Glory, 665.
98. Smith, Grant, 404.
99. Foote, The Civil War, 3:946.
100. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 475.
101. Grant, Memoirs, 2:735.
102. Korda, Ulysses S. Grant, 157.
103. Grant, Memoirs, 2:736.
104. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 475.
105. Ibid., 476.
106. PUSG, 14:374. Letter to Gen. Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865.
107. Young, Around the World, 383.
108. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 465.
109. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 482.
110. Armstrong, Warrior in Two Camps, 109.
111. Ibid.
112. Holzer, The Civil War in 50 Objects, 315.
113. Grant, Memoirs, 2:741.
114. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 482.
115. Morgan, “From City Point to Appomattox with General Grant.”
116. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 479–80.
117. Ibid., 485.
118. Foreman, A World on Fire, 767.
119. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 100.
120. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 469.
121. Foote, The Civil War, 2:32.
122. “Longstreet’s Reminiscences.” The New York Times, July 24, 1885.
123. PUSG, 15:204. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, June 20, 1865.
124. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 329.
125. PUSG, 14:375. Telegram to Edwin M. Stanton, April 9, 1865.
126. Ibid. Telegram from Edwin M. Stanton, April 9, 1865.
127. Donald, Lincoln, 580.
128. Ibid.
129. Sherman, Memoirs, 815.
130. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 725.
131. Burlingame, Lincoln Observed, 182.
132. McPherson, Tried by War, 262.
133. Foner, Fiery Trial, 331.
134. McPherson, Tried by War, 262.
135. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 152.
136. USGH. “Interview with John Sergeant Wise.”
137. Armstrong, Warrior in Two Camps, 111.
138. New York Herald, July 24, 1878.
139. Ibid.
140. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 153.
141. USGH. “Interview with M. Harrison Strong.”
142. “Grant’s Drinking Habits.” New York Sun, January 28, 1887.
143. PUSG, 14:31. Letter to Elihu B. Washburne, February 23, 1865.
144. The New York Times, July 24, 1885.
145. McPherson, “America’s Wicked War.”
146. Ibid., “Our Monstrous War.”
147. PUSG, 20:143. Letter to Henry C. Bowen, April 21, 1870.
148. New York Herald, May 28, 1878.
149. Ibid.
150. Pepper, Under Three Flags, 328.
151. Wilson, General Grant, 366–67.
152. Fuller, Grant & Lee, 245.
153. Pepper, Under Three Flags, 327.
154. New York Herald,
July 24, 1878.
155. Young, Around the World, 385.
156. Grant, Memoirs, 2:774.
157. PUSG, 29:318. “Speech,” Chicago, December 4, 1879.
158. Grant, Memoirs, 2:774.
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: A SINGULAR, INDESCRIBABLE VESSEL
1. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 153.
2. Ibid., 154.
3. Porter, “Lincoln and Grant.”
4. Holzer, The Lincoln Assassination, 181.
5. Kauffman, American Brutus, 215.
6. Ibid., 215–16.
7. Holzer, The Lincoln Assassination, 185.
8. Kauffman, American Brutus, 216.
9. PUSG, 14:384. Telegram from Maj. Gen. John Gibbon, April 13, 1865.
10. Donald, Lincoln, 591.
11. Ibid., 591–92.
12. Ibid., 582–83.
13. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:282–83. Diary entry for April 14, 1865.
14. Ibid., 2:283. Diary entry for April 14, 1865.
15. Ibid.
16. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 133.
17. Holzer, Lincoln on War, 246.
18. Young, Around the World, 332.
19. “Grant Reminiscences.” Chicago Daily Tribune, September 1, 1885.
20. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 497.
21. Donald, Lincoln, 593.
22. Goodwin, Team of Rivals, 734.
23. Burlingame, Lincoln Observed, 275.
24. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 362.
25. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 155.
26. Ibid.
27. Grant, In the Days of My Father General Grant, 35.
28. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 156.
29. Ibid.
30. Young, Around the World, 332.
31. Ibid.
32. Kauffman, American Brutus, 283.
33. Holzer, The Civil War in 50 Objects, 320.
34. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 134.
35. Bolles, “General Grant and the News of Mr. Lincoln’s Death.”
36. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 499–500.
37. PUSG, 14:390. Telegram from Maj. Thomas T. Eckert, April 14, 1865.
38. Ibid., 25:259. “Speech,” October 15, 1874.
39. Ammen, “Recollections and Letters of Grant. Part 1.”
40. Young, Around the World, 331.
41. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 156.
42. Grant, Memoirs, 2:751.
43. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 110.
44. Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, 91.
45. PUSG, 14:396. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, April 16, 1865.
46. Ibid., 390. Letter from Edwin M. Stanton, April 15, 1865.
47. Kauffman, American Brutus, 248.
48. PUSG, 14:391. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Edward O. C. Ord, April 15, 1865.
49. Ibid., 397. Telegram to Edwin M. Stanton, April 17, 1865.
50. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 157.
51. LoC. USGP. Container 102, Reel 3. Grant tribute to Lincoln, October 1874.
52. Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, 374.
53. Ibid., 384.
54. Truman, “Anecdotes of Andrew Johnson.”
55. Foner, Fiery Trial, 176.
56. Gordon-Reed, Andrew Johnson, 43.
57. Foner, Fiery Trial, 176.
58. Gordon-Reed, Andrew Johnson, 55.
59. Memphis Bulletin, October 30, 1863.
60. Borchgrave and Cullen, Villard, 178.
61. Foner, Reconstruction, 44.
62. Ibid., Fiery Trial, 44.
63. PUSG, 14:405. Letter to Charles W. Ford, April 17, 1865.
64. Ibid., 429. Letter to Silas A. Hudson, April 21, 1865.
65. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 482.
66. PUSG, 14:419. Telegram from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, April 17, 1865.
67. Foote, The Civil War, 3:968.
68. PUSG, 14:375. Letter from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, April 12, 1865.
69. Foote, The Civil War, 3:993.
70. PUSG, 14:422. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, April 20, 1865.
71. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:295. Diary entry for April 21, 1865.
72. Grant, Memoirs, 2:755.
73. Palmer, The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, 297. Letter to John Bright, April 24, 1865.
74. Foote, The Civil War, 3:995.
75. PUSG, 28:42. Letter from Adam Badeau to Gen. William T. Sherman, February 28, 1877.
76. Young, Around the World, 425.
77. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 446.
78. Ibid.
79. Foote, The Civil War, 3:994.
80. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 487.
81. PUSG, 14:433. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, April 25, 1865.
82. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 150.
83. Ibid., 120.
84. Sherman, Memoirs, 852.
85. PUSG, 15:14. Letter from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, April 28, 1865.
86. Ibid., 74. Telegram from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, May 10, 1865.
87. Ibid.
88. Ibid.
89. Ibid., 74–75.
90. Wilson, Patriotic Gore, 186.
91. PUSG, 15:15. Letter from Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman to Brig. Gen. John A. Rawlins, April 29, 1865.
92. Ibid., 73. Letter to Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, May 19, 1865.
93. Sherman, Memoirs, 864.
94. Grant, Memoirs, 2:761.
95. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 112.
96. Sarna, When General Grant Expelled the Jews, 53.
97. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 101.
98. Chamberlain, The Passing of the Armies, 244.
99. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 507.
100. Sherman, Memoirs, 865.
101. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 159.
102. Foote, The Civil War, 3:1017.
103. Grant, Memoirs, 2:768.
104. Sherman, Memoirs, 866.
105. Porter, Campaigning with Grant, 512.
106. Buinicki, “‘Average-Representing Grant’: Whitman’s General.”
CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE: SOLDIERLY GOOD FAITH
1. Grant, In the Days of My Father General Grant, 47.
2. PUSG, 12:90. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, August 25, 1864.
3. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 413.
4. Cadwallader, Three Years with Grant, 120.
5. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 158.
6. Ibid., 135.
7. Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen, 247.
8. “Chat in Public Resorts.” New York Tribune, August 2, 1885.
9. Julia Grant, Memoirs, 164.
10. Summer, The Diary of Cyrus B. Comstock, 341. Diary entry for January 23, 1867.
11. Greely, Reminiscences of Adventure and Service, 232.
12. Williams, Diary and Letters of Rutherford Birchard Hayes, 13. Letter to S. Birchard, January 10, 1866.
13. Summer, The Diary of Cyrus B. Comstock, 339. Diary entry for December 8, 1866.
14. PUSG, 14:428–29. Letter to Julia Dent Grant, April 21, 1865.
15. Badeau, Grant in Peace, 18.
16. Morgan, “From City Point to Appomattox with General Grant.”
17. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 448.
18. Cramer, Ulysses S. Grant, 100.
19. Truman, “Anecdotes of Andrew Johnson.”
20. Young, Around the World, 336; Grant, Memoirs, 2:761.
21. Foner, Fiery Trial, 177.
22. Grant, Memoirs, 2:751.
23. Young, Around the World, 336.
24. Grant, Memoirs, 2:752.
26. Smith, Grant, 443.
27. Gordon-Reed, Andrew Johnson, 11.
28. Ibid., 124.
29. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 441.
30. Smith, Grant, 417.
31. The Daily Inter Ocean, October 21, 1885.
32. PUSG, 15:7. Telegram from Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, May 5, 1865.
33. Ibid., 11. Telegram to Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck, May 6, 1865.
34. Philadelphia Inquirer, June 8, 1865.
35. PUSG, 15:150. Letter from Robert E. Lee, June 13, 1865.
36. Ibid. Endorsed letter to Edwin M. Stanton, June 16, 1865.
37. Ibid., 149. Letter to Edwin M. Stanton, June 16, 1865.
38. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant, 453.
39. Young, Around the World, 385–86.
40. White, American Ulysses, 418.
41. “A Grant Party in the South.” The New York Times, May 24, 1866.
42. Korda, Clouds of Glory, 688.
43. Pryor, Reading the Man, 449.
44. Korda, Clouds of Glory, 680.
45. Ibid.
46. Pryor, Reading the Man, 470.
47. Bean, “Memoranda of Conversations Between General Robert E. Lee and William Preston Johnston.”
48. Korda, Clouds of Glory, 69.
49. Pryor, Reading the Man, 451.
50. New York Herald, July 24, 1878.
51. Grant, Memoirs, 2:775.
52. Young, Around the World, 247.
53. USGH. “Interview with M. Harrison Strong.”
54. Stahr, Seward, 442.
55. Sheridan, Memoirs, 2:206.
56. Catton, Terrible Swift Sword, 3.
57. Young, Around the World, 248.
58. PUSG, 15:163. Telegram from Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, June 28, 1865.
59. Stahr, Seward, 443.
60. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:317. Diary entry for June 16, 1865.
61. Ibid., 322. Diary entry for June 23, 1865.
62. Stahr, Seward, 443.
63. Beale, Diary of Gideon Welles, 2:333. Diary entry for July 14, 1865.
64. Morris, Sheridan, 266.
65. The New York Times, August 10, 1865.
66. Perret, Ulysses S. Grant, 366.
67. Wilson and Simon, Ulysses S. Grant, 133.
68. PUSG, 16:84. Letter to Edward C. Boynton, February 17, 1866.
69. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat, April 27, 1897.
70. PUSG, 30:19. Letter to Edward F. Beale, October 22, 1880.
71. New York Herald, September 25, 1877.
72. Perret, Ulysses S. Grant, 366.
73. Vincent, “The Inner Life of Ulysses S. Grant.”
74. PUSG, 15:86. Letter from Rep. Elihu B. Washburne, May 18, 1865.
