The Life of Greece
Page 94
51. Plato, Republic, ii, 364-5.
52. Harrison, 572.
53. Whibley, 402.
54. Nilsson, 247.
55. Symonds, 495.
56. Dickinson, G. L., Greek View of Life, N. Y., 1928, 1.
57. Grote, II, 101-2.
58. Coulanges, 223.
59. Xenophon, Anabasis, v, 3.4.
60. Iliad, xxi, 27; xxiii, 22, 175.
61. Pausanias, iv, 9, vii, 19; CAH, II, 621.
62. Pausanias, iii, 16; Plutarch, “Lycurgus”; Nilsson, 94.
63. CAH, II, 618; Grote, I, III.
64. Frazer, Sir J., Scapegoat, N. Y., 1935, 253; Harrison, 107.
65. Aristophanes, Frogs, 734, and scholiast; Rohde, 296; Harrison, 103; Nilsson, 87; Frazer, Scapegoat, 253.
66. Harrison, 108.
67. Murray, G., Epic, 12-13, 317; Harrison, 103.
68. Plutarch, “Pelopidas.”
69. Hesiod, Theogony, 557f.
70. Odyssey, iii, 338-41; CAH, II, 626.
71. Farnell, 237.
72. Harrison, 501.
73. Diodorus, iii, 66.
74. Grote, 1, 145-6.
75. Harrison, 167.
76. Nilsson, 82-3; Rohde, 163.
77. Coulanges, 213; Rohde, 295-6.
78. Nilsson, 83.
79. Ibid., 85.
80. Theophrastus, Characters, Loeb Library, xvi.
81. Plutarch, “Solon.”
82. Sophocles, Trachinian Women, 584; Lacroix, I, 117; Becker, 381.
83. Plato, Laws, 933; Harrison, 139.
84. Herodotus, ix, 95.
85. Coulanges, 291.
86. Carroll, 270; Rohde, 292.
87. Coulanges, 289.
88. Grote, III, 38-9; Benson, E. F., Life of Alcibiades, N. Y., 1929, 83.
89. Herodotus, v, 63, vi, 66; Grote, V, 431.
90. Ibid., III, 127.
91. CAH, III, 627-8.
92. Ibid., 604.
93. In Coulanges, 288.
94. Harrison, 121; Frazer, Spirits of the Corn, II, 17.
95. Harrison, 32.
96. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn, I, 30.
97. Rohde, 239.
CHAPTER IX
1. Herodotus, viii, 144.
2. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, IV, 24.
3. Enc. Brit., I, 681.
4. Mason, W. A.: History of the Art of Writing, 344.
5. Mahaffy, Old Greek Education, 49; Thompson, Sir E. M., Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaeography, Oxford, 1912, 58.
6. Pliny, xiii, 11.
7. Shotwell, J. T., Introduction to the History of History, N. Y., 1936, 30; Becker, 162n.
8. Thompson, 39, 43; Mahaffy, I.e., 51.
9. Becker, 274.
10. Shotwell, 32.
11. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 25-8.
12. Grote, II, 245; Murray, Epic, 238.
13. Diog. L., “Solon,” ix.
14. Grote, II, 245; Murray, Epic, 147.
15. Ibid., 258.
16. Iliad, xxii, 106-13, tr. G. Murray.
17. Ramsay, Asianic Elements, 289.
18. Iliad, i, 477, etc.
19. Ibid., ii, 469-73.
20. Ibid., xx, 490, tr. Bryant.
21. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, 35, 81. Aristarchus of Samothrace wrote ca. 180 B.C.
22. Browne, 92.
23. Glotz, Aegean Civilization, 393; Ward, I, 41; Grote, II, 306-7.
24. Briffault, Mothers, I, 411.
25. Odyssey, iv, 120-36.
26. Herodotus, ii, 53.
27. Curtius, Ernst, Griechische Geschichte, Berlin, 1887f, I, 126, in Robertson, J. M., Short History of Free Thought, London, 1914, I, 127; Mahaffy, Social Life, 352; Murray, Epic, 267.
27a. Symonds, 187.
28. Odyssey, viii, 146.
29. Rodenwaldt, 233.
30. Gardiner, Athletics, 230.
31. Mahaffy, Greek Education, 18.
32. Gardiner, Athletics, 234.
33. Tucker, 222.
34. In Zimmern, 316.
35. Pausanias, v, 21.
36. Ibid., i, 44.
37. Gardner, New Chapters, 291.
38. Ibid., 294.
39. Ibid.
40. Gardiner, Athletics, mi.
41. Pausanias, vi, 4.
42. Ibid., viii, 40.
43. Ibid., vi, 14.
44. Herodotus, iii, 106.
45. Pausanias, vi, 13.
46. Herodotus, viii, 26.
47. Grote, III, 352-3.
48. Athenaeus, x, 1; Gardiner, Athletics, 54–5.
49. Ferguson, W. M., Greek Imperialism, Boston, 1913, 58-9; Haigh, A. E., Attic Theatre, Oxford, 1907, 3.
50. Winckelmann, J., History of Ancient Art, Boston, 1880, II, 288.
51. Athenaeus, xiii, 90.
52. Ibid.
53. Symonds, 73.
53a. Richter G., Handbook of the Classical Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art, N. Y., 1922, 76.
54. Rodenwaldt, 234.
55. Ridder, 171.
56. Pfuhl, 38.
57. Ridder, 181; Murray, A. S., Greek Sculpture, I, 11.
58. Rodenwaldt, 247.
59. Cf. Pijoan, J., History of Art, N. Y., 1927, 1, figs. 351-2.
60. Ibid., p. 229.
61. Pliny, xxxv, 151.
62. Cotterill, H. B., History of Art, N. Y., 1922, 99-100.
63. Anderson and Spiers, 42; CAH, IV, 603-8.
64. Livingstone, Legacy of Greece, 412; Warren, 277-80; Smith, G. E., 422; CAH, IV, 99.
65. Polybius, iv, 20-1; Athenaeus, xiv, 22.
66. Lacroix, 1, 122.
67. Pratt, W. S., History of Music, N. Y., 1927, 53.
68. Pausanias, x, 7.
69. Mahaffy, Social Life, 456.
70. Diodorus, iii, 67.
71. Lyra Graeca, III, 582.
72. Strabo, x, 3.17.
73. Oxford History of Music, 8.
74. Ibid.; Pratt, 55; Mahaffy, What Have the Greeks?, 143; id., Social Life, 463-5.
75. Aristotle, Politics, 1342b.
76. Athenaeus, xiv, 18.
77. Ibid., 10; Lyra Graeca, II, 498; Symonds, 180; Glotz, Ancient Greece, 279.
78. Oxford History of Music, 1, 30.
79. Haigh, 311.
80. Lucian, “Of Pantomime.”
81. Ibid.
82. In Kirstein, L., Dance, N. Y., 1935, 26.
83. Athenaeus, i, 37.
84. Kirstein, 28-30.
85. Ibid., 30.
86. Athenaeus, xiv, 12, 32.
87. Lyra Graeca, III, 630.
88. Lucian, l.c.
89. Mahaffy, Social Life, 464-5.
90. Athenaeus, xiv, 17.
91. Aristotle, Poetics, iv; Murray, Aristophanes, 3.
92. Enc. Brit., VII, 582.
93. Aristotle, Politics, 1336b.
94. Murray, I.e.; id., Greek Literature, 212; Haigh, 292; Sumner, W. G., Folkways, 447.
95. Aristophanes, Eleven Comedies, I, 327 and editor’s note; Kirstein, 38.
96. Enc. Brit., VII, 584.
97. Aristotle, Poetics, v, 3.
98. CAH, V, 117.
99. Aristotle, Poetics, iv, 17.
100. Ridgeway in Harrison, 76; Sumner and Keller, III, 2109.
101. Enc. Brit., VII, 582.
102. Ibid., 583.
103. Athenaeus, i, 39.
104. Diog. L., 28, “Solon,” xi.
CHAPTER X
1. Herodotus, vi, 98.
2. Grote, V, 16.
3. Ibid., 22.
4. Herod., vi, 102.
5. Rawlinson, app. to Herod., vi; Grote, V, 58; Pausanias, x, 20.
6. Plutarch, “Aristides.”
8. Herod., vi, 132-6.
9. Plutarch, I.c.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Thucydides, i, 5.138.
13. Plutarch, “Themistocles.”
14. Plutarch, “Aristides.”
15. Herod., vii, 133-7.
; 16. Ibid., 184-6, 196.
17. Ibid., 146.
18. Ibid., 33-6.
19. Ibid., 56.
20. Athenaeus, iv, 27; Herod., vii, 118-9.
21. Ibid., viii, 4-6.
22. vii, 231-2.
23. viii, 24.
24. Greek Anthology, vii, 249; Strabo, ix, 4, 12-16.
25. Plutarch, “Themistocles.”
26. Mahaffy, Social Life, 223. Mahaffy considers the story a legend, but no lover of dogs will doubt it.
27. Herod., ix, 4-5.
28. Ibid., viii, 89.
29. Grote, V, 316f, and Freeman, 77, believe that the two actions were concerted; CAH, IV, 378, doubts it.
30. Grote, V, 319-20.
31. Herod., ix, 70.
32. Rawlinson, note to Herod., l.c.
CHAPTER XI
1. Shelley, P. B., “On the Manners of the Ancients,” quoted by Livingstone, Legacy, 251.
2. Herod., viii, 111-12.
3. Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, Oxford, 1938, 534; Plutarch, “Themistocles.”
4. Plutarch, “Aristides.”
5. Thucydides, i, 5.
6. Grote, VI, 6-7.
7. Aristotle, Constitution, 25.
8. Ibid., 41.
9. Plutarch, “Pericles”; Grote, VII, 16; CAH, V, 72.
10. Plutarch, I.c.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Glotz, Greek City, 241.
14. Plato, Gorgias, 515; Aristotle, Constitution, 27; Plutarch, I.c.
15. CAH, V, 100; Glotz, 210.
16. Glotz, 131.
17. Plutarch, l.c.
18. Ibid.
19. Plato, Phaedrus, 270.
20. Plutarch, l.c.
21. Carroll, 197.
22. Aristophanes, Acharnians, 514f; Athenaeus, xiii, 25-6.
23. Lacroix, I, 154; Carroll, 200.
24. Plato, Menexenus, 236; Carroll, 311; Benson, 58.
25. Lacroix, I, 156.
26. Plutarch, I.c.
27. Plato, l.c.; Benson, 57-8.
28. Plutarch, l.c.
29. Benson, 58.
30. Plutarch.
31. Plato, Theaetetus, 79, Republic, ii, 8, Laws, ix, 3; Thucydides, iii, 52; Mahaffy, Social Life, 178-9; Grote, VI, 305-6.
32. Botsford, 222.
33. Glotz, Greek City, 156; Carroll, 442.
34. Tucker, 251-2.
35. Isocrates, Antidosis, 320.
36. Coulanges, 248.
37. Tylor, E. B., Anthropology, N. Y., 1906, 217.
38. Vinogradoff, II, 61-2.
39. Aristotle, Constitution, 57.
40. Glotz, Greek City, 236.
41. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 153.
42. Botsford, 53-4.
43. Glotz, Greek City, 297.
44. Cf. Aristotle’s will in Diog. L., 185, “Aristotle,” ix.
45. Xenophon, Memorabilia, tr. Watson, Phila., 1899, x, 2.9.
46. Murray, Greek Literature, 328.
47. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 281.
48. Tucker, 263.
49. Isocrates, Antidosis, 79.
50. Enc. Brit., X, 829.
51. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 316.
52. Glotz, Greek City, 263.
53. Herod., v, 77; Aristotle, Ethics, v, 7.
54. Glotz, Greek City, 220.
55. Zimmern, 290; Ferguson, 69.
56. CAH, V, 29; Grote, II, 55-7.
57. Thucydides, ii, 6.
58. Lyra Graeca, II, 337.
CHAPTER XII
1. Xenophon, Economicus, iv-vi, in Minor Works.
2. Ibid., xviii, 2.
3. Semple, 407, 414, 421.
4. Pausanias, ii, 38.
5. Zimmern, 52-4.
6. Aristophanes, II, 245; Athenaeus, vii, 43, 50f.
7. Ibid., xiv, 51.
8. Xenophon, Memorabilia, ii, 1.
9. Hippocrates, “Regimen in Acute Diseases,” xxviiif.
10. Aeschylus, Persian Women, 238.
11. Aristotle, Constitution, 47; Baedeker, 123.
12. CAH, V, 16.
13. Rickard, T. A., Man and Metals, N. Y., 1932, 1, 376; Calhoun, 142-3.
14. Ibid., 154-6.
15. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 225.
16. Semple, 678-9.
17. Ibid., 668.
18. Glotz, 205.
19. Vitruvius, On Architecture, Loeb Library, ii, 6.3.
20. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 278f; Herod., ix, 3; Thucydides, viii, 26.
21. Aristophanes, Frogs, in Eleven Comedies, II, 194.
22. Plato, Gorgias, 511.
23. Glotz, 294.
24. Ibid., 233.
25. In Zimmern, 307.
26. Lucian, “Nigrinus,” 1.
27. CAH, V, 22.
28. Zimmern, 218; CAH, V, 8.
29. Zimmern, 283.
30. Isocrates, Panegyricus, 42.
31. Thucydides, ii, 6.
32. Xenophon, Economicus, iv, 2.
33. Glotz, 218.
34. Gomme, A. W., Population of Athens in the $th and 4th Centuries B.C., Oxford, 1933, 21.
35. Athenaeus, vi, 103; Becker, 361.
36. Semple, 667; Glotz, 192-3.
37. Ibid., 208.
38. Aeschines, Epistle 12, in Becker, 361; CAH, V, 8.
39. In Botsford and Sihler, 225.
40. Glotz, 196.
41. Dickinson, 119; Ward, I, 93.
42. CAH, VI, 529-30.
43. Aristotle, Ethics, viii, 13.
44. Murray, Epic, 16; CAH, VI, 529.
45. CAH, V, 25.
46. Aristophanes, Ecclesiazusae, 307.
47. Ward, 1, 98.
48. CAH, V, 12, 25.
49. Glotz, 237.
50. Ibid., 286.
51. Toutain, J., Economic Life of the Ancient World, N. Y., 1930; Introduction by Henri Berr, p. xxiii.
52. CAH, V, 32.
53. Semple, 425.
54. Glotz, 163.
55. Tucker, 251.
56. Coulanges, 451.
57. Ward, 1, 424.
58. Glotz, 148.
59. Ward, I, 88, II, 48, 76, 263, 342.
60. Hall, M. P., Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabbalistic, and Rosicrucian Symbolical Philosophy, San Francisco, 1928, 64.
61. Aristophanes, II, 371f.
62. Ibid., 44of.
63. Thucydides, viii, 24.
64. Ibid., iii, 10, slightly transposed.
65. Aristotle (?), Economics, iii, 15.
66. Glotz, 296.
67. Ibid., 298.
68. Ibid., 298; Lysias, Against the Grain Dealers, xxii, in Botsford and Sihler, 426; Semple, 365, 663; Zimmern, 362.
69. Glotz, 169.
CHAPTER XIII
1. Plato, Republic, 459f.
2. Aristotle, Politics, 1335.
3. Haggard, H. W., Devils, Drugs, and Doctors, N. Y., 1929, 19.
4. Himes, 82, 96. Coitus interruptus was apparently a popular method of family limitation throughout antiquity.
5. Athenaeus, xiv, 3.
6. Plutarch, “Themistocles,” Moralia, 185D.
7. Greek Anthology, vii, 387.
8. McClees, H., Daily Life of the Greeks and Romans, N. Y., 1928, 41; Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9. Ibid., 41; Becker, 223; Mahaffy, Greek Education, 16, 19; Weigall, Sappho, 200.
10. Plato, Laws, vii, 84.
11. Plato, Protagoras, 326.
12. Mahaffy, op. cit., 39.
13. Becker, 224.
14. Winckelmann, II, 296.
15. Plato, Protagoras, 325.
16. Aristotle, Constitution, 42.
17. Gardner, Ancient Athens, 483; Mahaffy, op. cit., 76.
18. Lycurgus, Against Leocrates, 75-89, in Botsford and Sihler, 478. On its authenticity cf. Mahaffy, op. cit., 71.
19. Diog. L., “Aristippus,” iv, “Aristotle,” xi.
20. Tucker, 173; Weigall, 184.
21. Plutarch, Moralia, 249B.
22. CAH, II, 22-3.
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23. Becker, 456.
24. Carroll, 172.
25. Tucker, 125-7.
26. Ibid.
27. Plutarch, Moralia, 228B; Athenaeus, xv, 34.
28. Weigall, 189, 206-7; Carroll, 173.
29. Eubulus, Flower Girls, in Tucker, 173-4, and Lacroix, I, 101-2.
30. Weigall, 187.
31. Athenaeus, xv, 45.
32. Glotz, 278.
33. Wright, F. A., History of Later Greek Literature, N. Y., 1932, 19.
34. Zimmern, 215.
35. Tucker, 120.
36. Coulanges, 294.
37. Greek Anthology, x, 125.
38. Voltaire, Works, N. Y., 1927, IV, 71.
39. Thucydides, ii, 6; Mahaffy, Social Life, 295; Hobhouse, L. Y., Morals in Evolution, N. Y., 1916, 347; Glotz, Greek City, 131.
40. Vinogradoff, II, 54-5.
40a. Aristotle, in Sedgwick and Tyler, Short History of Science, N. Y., 1927, 102.
41. Glotz, Ancient Greece, 290; Becker, 280; Tucker, 150.
42. Ibid., 123.
43. Grote, V, 53.
44. Thucydides, ii, 10.82.
45. Pausanias, vii, 9-10; Plutarch, “Artaxerxes II.”
46. Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Loeb Library, i, 6.27.
47. Thucydides, i, 3.76.
48. Ibid., v, 17.
49. Ibid., iii, 9.34.
50. Ibid., v, 32.116; vi, 20.95; Polybius, iii, 86; Coulanges, 275.
51. Thucydides, ii, 7.67.
52. Plutarch, “Alcibiades.”
53. Plato, Laws, viii, 831.
54. Herod., v, 78.
58. Aristophanes, Eccl., 720; Becker, 241.
59. Ibid., 243.
61. Demosthenes, Against Neaera; Becker, 244.
62. Lacroix, I, 124, 129.
63. Ibid., 112.
64. Ibid., 85.
65. Briffault, II, 340.
66. Mahaffy, Greek Life and Thought, London, 1887, 72.
67. Lacroix, 1, 88.
68. CAH, V, 175.
69. Lacroix, 1, 166.
70. Ibid., 162.
71. Becker, 248.
72. Athenaeus, xiii, 59.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid., 58.
75. Ibid., 52.
76. Lacroix, 1, 180.
77. Ibid., 179.
78. Athenaeus, xiii, 54.
79. Lacroix, 1, 182-3.
80. Ibid., 145-6.
81. Ellis, H., Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Phila., 1911, VI, 134.
82. Murray, Aristophanes, 45.
83. Plutarch, “Lycurgus”; Strabo, x, 4.21.
84. Plutarch, “Pelopidas.”
85. Diog. L., “Xenophon,” vi.
86. Cf. Plato, Lysis, 204.
87. Plato, Symposium, 180f, 192.
88. Lacroix, I, 118, 126.
89. Bebel, 37; Hime, 52.
90. Whibley, 612.
91. Carroll, 307.
92. Sophocles, Trachinian Women, 443.
92a. Tr. by J. S. Phillimore in Oxford Book of Greek Verse in Translation, 367.