Bible and Sword: England and Palestine From the Bronze Age to Balfour

by Barbara W. Tuchman

  MARTIN, THEODORE, Prince Consort. Listed under Chapter XI.

  MONYPENNY AND BUCKLE, Disraeli. Listed under Chapter XI.

  Punch, Mr. Punch’s History of Modern England, 1841, 1919, ed. Charles Graves, 4 vols., London, n.d.

  SEELEY, JOHN R., The Expansion of England, London, 1898.

  SETON-WATSON, R. W., Britain in Europe, 1789–1914, Cambridge, 1937.

  TEMPERLEY, H. W. V., Near East. Listed Chapter IX. “Disraeli and Cyprus,” English Historical Review, XLVI, (April 1931).

  TEMPERLEY, H. W. V., and L. M. PENSON, Foundations of British Foreign Policy, 1792–1902, Cambridge, 1938.

  VICTORIA, Letters and Journal of Queen Victoria, 1862–1901, 2d series, ed. G. E. Buckle, 5 vols.

  WALPOLE, SPENCER, Life of Lord John Russell, 2 vols., London, 1889.

  Notes to Chapter XIV

  this page Cromer, “imperious necessity.…”—Cromer’s Ancient and Modern Imperialism, p. 20.

  this page Million and quarter square miles.—Ibid., p. 20.

  this page Chamberlain, “greatest of governing races.”—S. H. Jeyes, Joseph Chamberlain, London, 1896, p. 245.

  this page Rosebery, “finger of the Divine.”—Question of Empire, London, 1900.

  this page W. T. Stead, Review of Reviews, January 15, 1891.

  this page “Mania for grabbing,” Labouchère in debate on the Sudan.—Hansard, 4, 38, 1030.

  this page “Fatal lust for empire.”—From Liberalism and Empire, London, 1890. (Three anti-imperialist essays.)

  this page Nicholas’ proposal to partition Turkey.—Martin’s Prince Consort, I, 215; Temperley’s Near East, pp. 255–57.

  this page Seeley, “We seem, as it were, to have conquered the people of half the world in a fit of absence of mind.”—Expansion of England, p. 10.

  this page Quarrel over the Holy Places.—Temperley’s Near East, chap. XI. For Crimean War, see also Cambridge BFP, Vol. II, chap. VIII and Marriott, pp. 249–85.

  this page Princess Lieven, remark to Lord Henry Lennox.—Quoted M and B, III, 524.

  this page Palmerston’s reply to the Queen.—Guedalla’s Palmerston.

  this page Treaty of Paris.—Text in Holland.

  this page Lebanon incident.—Cambridge BFP. Also Seton-Watson.

  this page Text of the Lebanon protocol.—Holland.

  this page Russell on France in Lebanon.—Seton-Watson, p. 420.

  this page Gifford Palgrave.—DNB.

  this page Palmerston to de Lesseps.—Fitzgerald, I, 53.

  this page Mr. Disraeli’s “large ideas.”—Letters of Queen Victoria, II, 428.

  this page Salisbury, “zeal for the greatness of England.”—M and B, VI, 624.

  this page Corry’s account of Rothschild loan.—M and B, V, 447.

  this page Willy’s letter.—M and B, V, 452.

  this page Disraeli, “dare I say to settle?”—Letter to Lady Bradford, M and B, VI, 14.

  this page Queen’s anxiety about Constantinople.—Letter to Disraeli, July 15, 1877, Queen’s Letters, 2d series, II, 548.

  this page Jingo song.—Disraeli by D. L. Murray, Boston, 1927, p. 268.

  this page Punch cartoon.—Mr. Punch’s History, Vol. III.

  this page Times correspondence on annexing Cyprus.—Headlam-Morley.

  this page Disraeli, “times for action.”—M and B, VI, 381.

  this page Salisbury, letter to Layard, May 9, 1878.—Temperley and Penson.

  this page Salisbury, “taking the country for ourselves.”—Letter to Layard, May 10, 1878, Temperley in English Historical Review.

  this page Salisbury, “nearer than Malta …” and proposed terms of alliance.—Quotations are from the two letters to Layard noted above.

  this page Cyprus Convention.—Text in Holland.

  this page Bismarck on Disraeli.—M and B, VI, 311.

  this page Disraeli on Bismarck.—Letter to Tenterden, July 2, 1878, Temperley and Penson.

  this page King Leopold.—Letter to the Queen, July, 1878, M and B, VI, 344.

  this page Gortschakoff.—Letter from Crown Princess Frederick of Prussia (Queen Victoria’s daughter) to the Queen, July 16, 1878, Ibid.

  this page “Sophisticated rhetorician.”—M and B, VI, 356.

  this page Buckle’s comment.—Ibid., VI, 367.

  Works Consulted for Chapter XV

  CECIL, LADY GWENDOLYN, Life of Salisbury. Listed under Chapter XIV.

  DRUCK, DAVID, Baron Edmond de Rothschild, New York, 1928.

  FOREIGN OFFICE, Syria and Palestine. Listed under Chapter XIV.

  HOGARTH, D. G., The Nearer East, London, 1902.

  NAIDITCH, ISAAC, Edmond de Rothschild, translated by M. Z. Frank, Zionist Organization of America, Washington, D.C., 1945.

  OLIPHANT, LAURENCE,Land of Gilead, London, 1881. Haifa, or Life in Modern Palestine, London, 1885. “The Jews and the Eastern Question,” article in the Nineteenth Century, August 1882, 242–55.

  OLIPHANT, MARGARET, Memoirs of the Life of Laurence Oliphant, 2 vols., New York, 1891.

  REVISKY, ABRAHAM, Jews in Palestine, New York, 1935.

  Notes to Chapter XV

  this page Deutsche Palästina Bank, railroad concessions, etc.—Foreign Office, op. cit.

  this page Oliphant.—In addition to works listed, see DNB, article by Sir Leslie Stephen and notices of Oliphant in memoirs of the period.

  this page Henry Adams on Laurence Oliphant.—The Education of Henry Adams, Boston and New York, 1918, p. 139.

  this page Salisbury, “They have thrown it away into the sea.…”—Cecil, II, 326.

  this page Salisbury, “this sickly … Sultan.…”—Ibid., letter to Sir William White, August 10, 1887. PAGE 276. Salisbury explains Sultan’s hate of England.—Ibid., letter to Sir William White, September 14, 1891.

  this page Sultan’s edicts on Jerusalem and Jewish colonies.—Foreign Office, op. cit.

  this page Early Jewish colonizers.—Druck, Revisky.

  this page Figures on Jewish colonies.—Revisky.

  this page Rothschild, “only salvation of the Jewish people.”—Speech at opening of the Hebrew University, 1925, quoted in Druck.

  Works Consulted for Chapter XVI

  See works on Zionism listed under Chapter XII, with the addition of the following:

  AMERY, JULIAN, The Life of Joseph Chamberlain, Vol. IV, London, 1951. (This is the final volume of the Life of which the first 3 volumes were written by J. L. Garvin.)

  BEIN, ALEX, Theodor Herzl, translated by Maurice Samuel, Philadelphia, 1940.

  DE HAAS, JACOB, Theodor Herzl, 2 vols., New York, 1927.

  HERZL, THEODOR, Altneuland, translated by J. de Haas, New York, 1902. Der Judenstaat, translated by J. de Haas, New York, 1904. Diaries; Excerpts from the Tagebüche, translated into English, New York, 1941.

  Jewish Chronicle, London, files.

  RABINOWICZ, OSKAR K., “New Light on the East Africa Scheme,” a chapter in The Rebirth of Israel; a Memorial Tribute to Paul Goodman, various authors, London, 1952.

  WEISGAL, MEYER, (ed.). New Palestine: Herzl Memorial Issue, New York, 1929 (a collection of memoirs by various writers).

  WEIZMANN, CHAIM, Trial and Error, New York, 1949.

  The pamphlet and periodical literature on Zionism is so voluminous that no attempt has been made here to list anything but the essential works.

  Notes to Chapter XVI

  this page Ussishkin, “his eyes must not be opened.”—Quoted by Dr. Julian Sternberg in Weisgal, Herzl Memorial.

  this page Herzl on France.—Bein, p. 116.

  this page Herzl, “going out of my mind … .”—Diaries, June 16, 1895.

  this page Herzl’s phrase, “a basis of recognized right and not of sufferance,” achieved immortality under other auspices when Colonial Secretary Winston Churchill said in the White Paper of July 1922 that the Jews were in Palestine “as of right and not on sufferance.”

  this page Herzl, “publicly recognized, legal guara
ntee.”—Bein, p. 234.

  this page Rabbi Isaac M. Wise.—Central Conference of American Rabbis, Yearbook for 1897–98.

  this page Rabbi Güdeman.—Herzl’s Diaries, January 6, 1897.

  this page Harzl had not read Auto-Emancipation.—Gottheil, p. 89.

  this page Herzl refused to kiss Pope’s hand.—Weisgal, Herzl Memorial.

  this page Herzl decrees frock coats.—Bein. p. 230.

  this page Basle Congress: “everyone sat breathless.”—Observer was Ben Ami, Hebrew writer, quoted Bein, p. 232.

  this page Basle Program.—Cohen, p. 77.

  this page I.C.A.—Jewish Colonization Association.

  this page Negotiations with the Kaiser.—Bein, chap. IX.

  this page Herzl, “England will understand us.…”—Bein, p. 346.

  this page Herzl, “the Archimedean point.”—Message to Zionist Conference in London, February 28, 1898, quoted Cohen, p. 79.

  this page Herzl’s interview with Rothschild.—Bein, p. 390.

  this page Chamberlain, on extending the Empire.—Speech, June 2, 1892.

  this page Salisbury, “most intelligent Englishman.” — John Raymond reviewing A. L. Kennedy’s Life of Salisbury, New Statesman and Nation, April 1, 1953.

  this page Baron Sonnino episode.—Wickham Steed, Through Thirty Years, New York, 1924, I, 163.

  this page Chamberlain’s thesis, Jews as a “useful instrument.”—Julian Amery.

  this page Balfour, “It was not Zionism.”—From the Introduction to Sokolow.

  this page Herzl’s interview with King Victor Emmanuel.—Herzl’s Diaries, quoted in Amery.

  this page Herzl’s letter to Rothschild on El Arish. Bein, p. 390.

  this page Herzl’s interview with Chamberlain.—This, and the following account of the negotiations with Chamberlain, Lansdowne, Cromer, et al, is taken from Amery whose account is based on his own translation of Herzl’s Tagebüche. See also Bein, chap. XIII, and Rabinowicz.

  this page Kishinev pogroms.—Elbogen, pp. 376–89; Dubnow, III, 78.

  this page Greenberg on British offer involving “political recognition.”—Rabinowicz.

  this page Text of the Draft Agreement with marginal comments by Lansdowne and Hurst.—F.O. 2 (785) Africa (East) Jewish Settlement, 1903, and is reprinted in full by Rabinowicz.

  this page Sixth Congress reception of the Uganda proposal.—Weizmann, pp. 83–88; Bein, chap. XIV.

  this page Herzl, “Don’t do anything foolish when I am dead.”—Letter to Wolffsohn, May 6, Bein, p. 500.

  Works Consulted for Chapter XVII

  ANTONIUS, GEORGE, The Arab Awakening, New York, 1939.

  ASQUITH, H. H., Memories and Reflections, 2 vols., London, 1928.

  BAKER, RAY STANNARD, Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement, 3 vols., New York, 1923.

  BALFOUR, ARTHUR JAMES, Opinions and Arguments, New York, 1928. Preface to Sokolow’s Zionism, 1919. Retrospect, An Unfinished Autobiography, 1930. Speeches on Zionism, ed. Israel Cohen, London, 1928.

  BATTERSEA, LADY CONSTANCE, Reminiscences, London, 1922.

  CHURCHILL, WINSTON, Great Contemporaries, New York, 1937.

  DUGDALE, BLANCHE E. C., Arthur James Balfour, first Earl Balfour, 2 vols., New York, 1937.

  GRAVES, PHILIP, Palestine: the Land of Three Faiths, London, 1922.

  GREY OF FALLODON, Twenty-five Years, 2 vols., London, 1926.

  HANSARD, Parliamentary Debates.

  HUNTER-MILLER, DAVID, My Diary at the Peace Conference, printed for the author, New York, 1924.

  LAWRENCE, T. E., Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York, 1935.

  LEAGUE OF NATIONS, Minutes of the Permanent Mandates Commission.

  LESLIE, SHANE, Mark Syke s: His Life and Letters, New York, 1923.

  LLOYD GEORGE, DAVID, War Memoirs, 3 vols., New York, 1933. Memoirs of the Peace Conference, 2 vols., Yale University, 1939 (published in England under the title, The Truth About the Peace Treaties).

  MAC MAHON CORRESPONDENCE, Parl. Papers, Great Britain, 1938–39, Command 5957, London, 1939. Also Command 5964 and 5974 covering British policy vis-a-vis the Arabs in the years 1915–18.

  MANDATE, THE PALESTINE, Text, Parl. Papers, Great Britain, Command 1785, London, 1922.

  MONTEFIORE, CLAUDE, Liberal Judaism and Jewish Nationalism, London, 1917. (One of many studies representing the Anti-Zionist point of view.)

  PEEL, EARL, Report of the Palestine Royal Commission, Command 5479, July 1937.

  RONALDSHAY, EARL OF, Life of Lord Curzon, 3 vols., London, 1928.

  SAMUEL, HERBERT, VISCOUNT, Grooves of Change, New York, 1946.

  SIDEBOTHAM, HERBERT, Great Britain and Palestine, London, 1937.

  SOKOLOW, NAHUM. Listed under Chapter XI.

  STORRS, SIR RONALD, Memoirs, New York, 1937.

  SYKES, CHRISTOPHER, Two Studies in Virtue, New York, 1953.

  SYKES, SIR MARK, Dar ul-Islam, Record of a Journey through the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey, London, 1904.

  SYKES-PICOT TREATY, The Secret Treaty of London, Command 671, 1920.

  WEIZMANN, CHAIM. Listed under Chapter XVI.

  Notes to Chapter XVII

  this page Balfour, “quite fearless.”—Churchill, p. 205.

  this page Dugdale, Balfour’s life-long interest.—Life of Balfour, I, 324. All subsequent quotations from Mrs. Dugdale are from this book, chiefly Vol. I, chap. XIX, and Vol. II, chap. XI.

  this page Lady Constance, “talked about the Jews.”—Diary for September 6 and 7, 1895.

  this page Balfour, “why Palestine?”—Introduction to Sokolow.

  this page Meeting of Balfour and Weizmann.—Dugdale, I, chap. XIX.

  this page Weizmann’s boyhood.—Trial and Error, p. 26.

  this page Storrs on Weizmann.—Memoirs, p. 439. All subsequent quotations from Storrs are from this book.

  this page Weizmann’s interview with Balfour.—Trial and Error, chap. VIII.

  this page Balfour’s deathbed.—Dugdale, II, 303.

  this page Balfour, Zionists as a conservative force.—Quoted Dugdale, II, 158.

  this page Balfour, speech in the Lords, June 21, 1922.—Opinions and Arguments.

  this page Lady Constance, A. J. B. “hugely interested.”—Letter to Mrs. Yorke, October 17.

  this page Another book of memoirs about the Rothschilds.—Lady de Rothschild and Her Daughters, 1821–1931, Lucy Cohen, London, 1935.

  this page Anti-Zionist position.—See Claude Montefiore. Also correspondence in the Times beginning with the Alexander-Montefiore letter of May 24, 1917 and replies from Lord Rothschild, Rabbi Hertz, Weizmann, et al.

  this page Balfour, “ancient antipathies.”—Introduction to Sokolow.

  this page Lloyd George, reward for Weizmann.—War Memoirs, II, 50.

  this page Samuel, Grey, and Lloyd George discussions.—Samuel, p. 174.

  this page Grey on “Jewish state.”—Ibid.

  this page Grey inquiry at Petrograd.—Memorandum of British Embassy to Foreign Minister Sazonov, Stein, p. 138.

  this page Weizmann meeting with Lloyd George.—Trial and Error, p. 150.

  this page Asquith finds Samuel’s memorandum “distasteful.”—Memories, II, 59–60.

  this page Lord Bertie.—Trial and Error, p. 151.

  this page Asquith believes Lloyd George “does not give a damn.” —Memories, II, 65–66.

  this page Lloyd George on Palestine place names.—Trial and Error, p. 152.

  this page Ormsby-Gore on Sykes.—Leslie, pp. 285–90.

  this page Kitchener to Sykes.—Sokolow, II, xxvi.

  this page Lawrence, “I back it.…”—Manchester Guardian, May 20, 1935.

  this page Sykes, “destiny of the Jewish race.…”—Speech at the London Opera House meeting in celebration of the Balfour Declaration, December 2, 1917, quoted in Leslie.

  this page Foreign Office, “imperative expediency.”—Leslie, p. 250.

  this page Arab Bureau promises.—MacMahon correspondence
.

  this page Sykes-Picot text.—Command 671, 1920.

  this page Churchill on MacMahon pledge.—Quoted Peel Report, p. 20.

  this page Balfour, “small notch.”—Speech at Albert Hall, July 12, 1920, Opinions and Arguments.

  this page Hussein and Feisal acquiesced.—Hunter-Miller, XIV, 230.

  this page Mecca newspaper.—Al Qibla, March 23, 1918.

  this page Weizmann meeting with Feisal.—Trial and Error, chap. 21.

  this page Feisal-Weizmann agreement. — Text published in the Times (London), June 10, 1936.

  this page Feisal letter to Americans.—Tria I and Error, p. 246.

  this page Ormsby-Gore in Parliament, speaking as colonial secretary.—Commons debate on Partition, July 21, 1937.

  this page Lloyd George and C. P. Scott—War Memoirs, II, 48.

  this page Allenby on Weizmann.—Speech at dedication of Hebrew University, reported in New Palestine, April 8, 1925.

  this page Balfour, “You may get your Jerusalem … “—Trial and Error, p. 152.

  this page Times, “imaginative nervousness.”—Article May 29, 1917 on controversy provoked by Alexander-Montefiore letter.

  this page Curzon’s position.—Ronaldshay, III, 156–61.

  this page Sykes to Lord Robert Cecil.—Leslie.

  this page Shaw explains the English.—From his play, The Man of Destiny.

  this page One of Chamberlain’s biographers.—S. H. Jeyes, Life of Chamberlain, p. 256.

  this page Lord Cromer.—Modern Egypt, New York, 1908, II, 109.

  this page Lloyd George’s reasons.—Memoirs of the Peace Conference, II, 726 and chap. XXIII, passim.

  this page Churchill, “Hardly any step.…”—Commons debate on the MacDonald White Paper, May 23, 1939.

  this page Lord Mayor of Manchester, Cecil, Sykes, and Dr. Gaster.—All quotations are from speeches made at the London Opera House celebration of the Balfour Declaration on December 2, 1917.

  this page Lord Snell.—Debate in Lords on White Paper, 1939.

  this page Cabinet meeting on “tutelar power.”—Ronaldshay, III, 262–65. Also Lloyd George, Memoirs of the Peace Conference, II, 739–43.