Red Nile: The Biography of the World’s Greatest River

by Twigger, Robert

  attempts to tame the Nile, ref1

  as controlling power, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  as dam builders, ref1, ref2

  Egyptian antipathy to, ref1

  and Ethiopia, ref1

  and French, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  gentry, ref1

  and Grogan’s ambitions, ref1, ref2

  loss of power, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and navigability of the Sudd, ref1

  Nile as British business, ref1, ref2

  rivalry with US, ref1

  and Suez Canal, ref1, ref2, ref3

  treatment of indigenous people, ref1

  and WW2, ref1

  Bruce, James of Kinnaird (explorer), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Bruey, Admiral, ref1

  Bujagali Falls, ref1, ref2

  dam, ref1

  Bulugani, Luigi (artist), ref1

  burials, ref1

  burial alive, ref1, ref2

  Cleopatra, ref1

  Burton, Sir Richard Francis (Nile explorer), ref1, ref2, ref3

  and Blunt, ref1

  on disease, ref1

  on slavery, ref1, ref2

  and source of the Nile, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and Speke, ref1

  and Speke’s death, ref1

  Caesar see Julius Caesar; Octavian

  Caesarion (son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra), ref1, ref2

  Cairo, ref1, ref2, ref3

  crime in, ref1

  crocodiles in, ref1

  disease, ref1

  Dr Ragab’s Pharaonic Village, ref1, ref2

  hippos in, ref1

  Jewish population, ref1

  Memphis and, ref1

  Napoleon’s army in, ref1, ref2

  the Nile in, ref1, ref2

  as pleasure town, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  revolution (2011), ref1

  water, ref1

  see also Old Cairo

  Cairo Tower, ref1

  Cambyses, King, ref1

  camera obscura, invention by Ibn al-Haytham, ref1, ref2

  Cameron, Charles, ref1

  du Camp, Maxime, and Flaubert, ref1, ref2, ref3

  canals, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sudd swamp, ref1

  see also Jonglei Canal; Suez Canal

  cannibalism, ref1, ref2

  in Cairo, ref1

  Crusaders, ref1

  Monbuttoo, ref1

  Niam Niam, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  pictured, ref1

  Canoe, Peter, Lieutenant, ref1, ref2

  canoes, Baker’s, ref1

  canyon, ancient, at Cairo, ref1

  Capitaine, Louis, ref1

  Caughnawaga Indians, ref1

  Cessna plane, in high–speed journey down the Nile, ref1

  Champollion, Jean-François, and secret of hieroglyphics, ref1, ref2, ref3

  change and the Nile, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

  and Aswan high dam, ref1, ref2

  the delta, ref1

  and Suez Canal, ref1

  changing language, ref1

  Charles, Hippolyte, ref1

  Charles, Prince of Wales, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Cheesman, Major R.E., ref1

  childbirth, ancient Nile, ref1

  children’s army, ref1

  Christianity, ref1

  in Egypt, ref1, ref2

  in Ethiopia, ref1

  funeral service compared to Muslim traditions, ref1

  and Mithraism, ref1

  and sexual abstinence, ref1

  and visions of the Virgin Mary, ref1, ref2

  Christie, Agatha, ref1, ref2, ref3

  favourite Cairo hotel, ref1

  travelling clothes, ref1

  Churchill, Winston, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  and Aswan dam, ref1

  and Owen Falls dam, ref1

  The River War, ref1, ref2, ref3

  circumcision, ref1

  class, and exploration, ref1

  Cleopatra VII, Pharaoh, ref1, ref2

  burial with Mark Antony, ref1

  children, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and Julius Caesar, ref1

  Cleopatra’s bath, ref1

  clothes and fashion, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Agatha Christie, ref1

  French influence, ref1, ref2

  Coetzee, Hendri, ref1, ref2

  Colet, Louise, and Kuchuk Hanem, ref1, ref2

  constipation cure, ref1

  Conté, Nicolas-Jacques, ref1, ref2

  and balloon flight, ref1

  and Rosetta stone, ref1, ref2

  continental drift theory, ref1

  contraception, ancient Egypt, ref1

  Coptic Church, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  and visions of the Virgin Mary, ref1

  Coptic language, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  replacing hieroglyphics, ref1

  corvée, ref1, ref2, ref3

  see also slavery

  crime

  by British subjects in Egypt, ref1

  increase during Revolution of 2011, ref1

  worst in ancient Nile, ref1

  crocodiles, ref1, ref2, ref3

  ancient, ref1

  in Cairo, ref1

  and hippos, ref1

  Cromer, Lord, ref1

  and Gordon, ref1

  measurement of the Nile, ref1

  and Willcocks, ref1

  crops, ref1, ref2, ref3

  destruction of, ref1, ref2

  slaves to cultivate, ref1

  Curtis, William, ref1

  da Gama, Cristóvão, ref1

  dahabiya (sailing houseboat), ref1, ref2

  and Sadat, ref1, ref2, ref3

  dams, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  and barrages, ref1

  and bilharzia, ref1

  effect of, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and Willcocks, ref1, ref2

  see also Aswan dam

  Daninos, Adrian, ref1

  De Bono, Andrea, ref1

  de Lesseps, Ferdinand, ref1

  statue, ref1, ref2

  and the Statue of Liberty, ref1

  and the Suez Canal, ref1, ref2

  death, and the Nile, ref1

  Death on the Nile (film), ref1

  death stare of the Yezidis, ref1

  see also hypnosis

  the Defterdar, ref1

  Delta, Nile, ref1

  and change, ref1

  demotic language see hieroglyphics

  ‘dervish’, ref1

  change of meaning to ‘Islamic fanatic’, ref1

  Dervish army of the Mahdi, ref1

  Kitchener’s army as conquerors, ref1, ref2

  Digna, Osman, ref1

  Dinka tribe, ref1, ref2

  and Speke, ref1

  disease(s), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Baker’s, ref1

  Burton on, ref1

  and the Nile, ref1, ref2

  see also plague; sleeping sickness

  divorce, ref1

  in ancient Nile, ref1

  dogs, ref1, ref2

  in Famine Stele, ref1

  as pets, ref1, ref2

  donkeys, as preferred method of transport, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  dowsing, ref1, ref2

  Druze, ref1, ref2

  Anwar the Druze, ref1

  du Camp, Maxime, and Flaubert, ref1, ref2, ref3

  dugout canoes, used by Baker, ref1

  Edison Film Company, ref1, ref2

  Edison, Thomas, electrocution of elephant, ref1

  Egypt

  as black land, ref1

  Herodotus on, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  Israelites’ exodus from, ref1, ref2

  Napoleon as conqueror, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  ten plagues, ref1, ref2

  tribes conquered by Muhammad Ali, ref1

  veneration in ancient world, ref1

  Egyptology, ref1

  French, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Eiffel, Gustav, ref1
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  elephant grass, ref1, ref2

  elephant trails, ref1

  elephant war 1868 in Ethiopia, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Elephantine island, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  elephants, ref1, ref2

  killing, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  North African flaccid elephant, ref1

  words for elephant, ref1

  Emin Pasha, ref1

  Stanley’s relief expedition, ref1, ref2

  Eppler, Johannes, ref1

  Equatoria, rulers, ref1

  Equatorial Egypt, ref1

  Eratosthenes’ last will and testament, ref1

  Ernst, Mensen, ref1

  Ethiopia, ref1, ref2

  and the British, ref1

  Christianity in, ref1

  control over water, ref1

  elephant war 1868, ref1, ref2, ref3

  longevity of Ethiopians and Fountain of Eternal Youth, ref1

  as source of Blue Nile, ref1, ref2

  and Sudan, ref1

  and summer floods, ref1, ref2

  see also Abyssinia

  eunuchs, ref1

  evaporation

  of the Mediterranean, ref1

  of the Nile, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and temperature changes, ref1

  Exodus (Bible), ref1

  exploration, nature of, ref1

  Fabrice (ivory trader), ref1

  Faidherbe (French steamship), ref1, ref2

  famine, ref1

  Famine Stele, ref1, ref2

  fanatics see Islam, jihadists

  Farag Atiya, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Farag, Muhammad (marksman; assassin of Sadat), ref1, ref2, ref3

  fashion see clothes and fashion

  fashion, French, ref1, ref2

  Fashoda Incident, ref1

  see also Marchand, Jean-Baptiste

  fire eaters, ref1

  fish

  and dams, ref1

  Oxythynchus, ref1

  Flaubert, Gustave, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  and Kuchuk Hanem, ref1, ref2

  flies

  and Petherick, ref1

  simulium damnosum, ref1

  flood, summer, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  and accumulation of salt, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and Aswan dam, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  effect of, ref1, ref2

  failures, ref1

  flood basins, ref1, ref2

  as flood of tears, ref1

  holiday after, ref1

  and malaria, ref1

  mythological stories, ref1

  floods

  caused by dams, ref1

  god of the flood, ref1

  food haute cuisine in Fashoda, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Theodore of Ethiopia, ref1

  football, and the Acholi, ref1

  Fourès, Lieutenant Jean-Noël, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Fourès, Pauline (née Pauline Bellisle), ref1, ref2

  and Napoleon, ref1, ref2

  France/French

  aim to control Africa, ref1

  invasion plan of Britain, ref1, ref2

  French Nile expeditions, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Napoleon’s campaign, ref1, ref2

  vs. British, ref1, ref2

  see also Fashoda incident

  French savants, with Napoleon, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  French troops

  Baiburs’ trap, ref1

  saved from execution by Zuleyha Hanem, ref1

  see also Marchand

  funerals, ref1, ref2, ref3

  ancient Nile, ref1

  ‘fuzzy-wuzzies’ see Beja nomads

  Galton, Francis, ref1, ref2

  managing ‘savages’, ref1

  medical advice to explorers, ref1

  da Gama, Cristóvão, ref1

  Gelawdewos, King, ref1

  gender equality

  ancient Egypt, ref1, ref2

  hunter-gatherer women, ref1

  and Florence Nightingale, ref1

  Genesis (Bible), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  gift giving, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and trade, ref1

  Gish Abay (sacred spring), ref1

  glass, in chest pendant, ref1

  gold

  dowsing for, ref1

  Egyptian, Roman wish for, ref1

  golden statue of Cleopatra, ref1

  as wealth of Africa, ref1

  Gordon, General, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  death, ref1

  effect of Cromer’s interference, ref1

  Gordon relief expedition, ref1, ref2

  and Kitchener, ref1

  scientific map-making, ref1

  Gran, Ahmed, ref1

  and da Gama, ref1

  Grant, Major James, ref1

  as Speke’s companion, ref1, ref2, ref3

  grape crop, destruction, ref1

  Green, Matthew, ref1, ref2

  Grogan, Ewart, ref1, ref2, ref3

  encounter with cannibals, ref1, ref2

  guns

  Maxim gun, ref1, ref2

  Shrapnel shell, ref1

  used by British, ref1

  Hakim, Caliph of Egypt, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  plan to dam the Nile, ref1, ref2

  Hassan al-Sabah, ref1

  Herod, King, ref1, ref2

  Herodotus

  on breezes on the Nile, ref1

  on crocodiles, ref1

  on Egypt, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  on Ethiopia, ref1

  on source of the Nile, ref1, ref2

  and Suez Canal, ref1

  hieroglyphics, ref1

  2007 discovery, ref1

  replacement by Coptic script, ref1

  when needed, ref1

  and Young, ref1

  see also Rosetta stone

  hippos, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  hippo-hide whips (kourbash), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Hitler, Adolf

  army in Egypt, ref1

  and Baiburs, ref1

  Hitler as popular Egyptian name, ref1

  and Napoleon, ref1

  homosexual love, on ancient Nile, ref1

  horses, ref1

  tail hairs and Mamluk assassins, ref1

  Hôtel du Nil, Cairo, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Hutu tribe, ref1, ref2

  and Tutsi, ref1

  Hutu/Tutsi massacres (1971 and 1994), ref1, ref2

  Hypatia, ref1

  reputation, ref1

  hypnosis

  and Assassins, ref1

  Burton, ref1, ref2

  Ibn al-Nafis (physician), work on circulation of the blood, ref1

  Ibn al-Haytham, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and damming of the Nile, ref1

  invention of camera obscura, ref1, ref2

  pretends to be mad, ref1, ref2

  Sorkhab as student, ref1

  Ibn Wahshiya

  and Champollion, ref1

  deciphering of hieroglyphics, ref1

  Ibrahim Bey, ref1

  Ibrahim Pasha (son of Muhammad Ali), ref1

  Idi Amin, and Kabarega, ref1

  illness see disease

  illustrations listed, ref1

  incest, in ancient Egypt, ref1, ref2

  intercourse see sex

  Iroquois Indians on the Red Nile, ref1

  Islam

  funerals, and Christian traditions, ref1

  the insane and Islamic law, ref1

  Islamic renaissance under attack, ref1

  Ismailis as Assassins, ref1, ref2

  jihadists, ref1, ref2, ref3

  murder of tourists in 1997, ref1

  Marchand and, ref1

  Muslims dominating the Nile, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Muslims and Mamluks, ref1

  Sudan, ref1

  see also Druze; Muslim funerals

  Islambouli, Khaled (leader of assassins of Sadat), ref1

  assassination of Sadat, ref1

  at the Parade, ref1

  de
ath, ref1

  preparation for mission to kill Sadat, ref1

  Islambouli, Muhammad, ref1

  Islambouli, Umm Khaled, ref1

  island of elephants see Elephantine island

  Ismaili Shia sect, ref1

  Israel

  border with Lebanon, and Kitchener, ref1

  first mention, ref1

  Israelites, ref1

  and Egyptians, ref1

  exodus from Egypt, ref1, ref2

  in Goshen, ref1

  see also Moses; plagues

  ivory

  trade, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

  as wealth of Africa, ref1

  Jackson, Louis (half Caughnawaga Indian), ref1

  Jameson, James S., ref1

  Jesus Christ, ref1, ref2, ref3

  jetboat, in high-speed journey down the Nile, ref1

  jewels, Egyptian, Roman wish for, ref1

  Jews, under Muslim rule, ref1

  jihadists

  Crusaders as, ref1

  dervishes as, ref1

  see also Islam

  Jonglei Canal, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  Joseph, husband of Mary, mother of Jesus, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Joseph (son of Jacob), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  well of Joseph, ref1

  Joséphine de Beauharnais (wife of Napoleon; Empress of France), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Julius Caesar

  and Cleopatra, ref1

  and source of the Nile, ref1

  successor named, ref1

  as warrior, ref1

  Junot, General, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Kabarega, ref1

  and Idi Amin, ref1

  Kabarega Falls see Murchison Falls

  Kabba Rega, and Baker, ref1

  Kagera river, ref1, ref2

  bodies from Tutsi/Hutu massacre in, ref1, ref2, ref3

  bridge, ref1

  cannibals in area round, ref1

  as source of the Nile, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Kamrasi (Bunyoro king)

  and Baker, ref1, ref2

  death, ref1

  funeral, ref1

  Karakush (builder of citadel in Cairo), ref1

  Kasensero landing place, ref1

  Khaled (assassin of Sadat) see Islambouli, Khaled

  Khalifa (Mahdi’s successor), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Khaneferre, Pharaoh (pharaoh possibly at time of Moses), ref1

  Khartoum, ref1

  and Gordon, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and Kitchener, ref1

  slave trade, ref1

  see also Sudan Kipchaks, ref1, ref2

  Kitchener, General Horatio, Lord Kitchener, ref1, ref2

  Kitchener’s island, ref1, ref2

  and Mahdi’s bones, ref1

  and Maxim gun, ref1

  and the Nilometer, ref1

  in River War, ref1

  Kléber, General (Napoleon’s successor in Egypt), ref1

  kohl-lined eye, ref1

  Kony, Joseph, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  see also Acholi tribe

  kourbash, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Kuchuk Hanem, ref1, ref2, ref3

  and Louise Colet, ref1

  and Flaubert, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Lancers, in battle of Omdurman, ref1

  Lebanon, border with Israel, and Kitchener, ref1

  Lee-Metford rifle, ref1