Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians

by Twain, Mark

  NN-B Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations, New York City.

  NNC Columbia University, New York City.

  NNU-F Fales Collection, New York University, New York City.

  NPV Jean Webster McKinney Family Papers, Francis Fitz Randolph Rare Book Room, Vassar College Library, Poughkeepsie, New York.

  Odell, George C. D.

  1927–49. Annals of the New York Stage. 15 vols. New York: Columbia University Press.

  OED

  1933. The Oxford English Dictionary: Being a Corrected Re-issue, with an Introduction, Supplement, and Bibliography, of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Edited by James A. H. Murray, Henry Bradley, W. A. Craigie, and C. T. Onions. 13 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press.

  1972–86. A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary. Edited by R. W. Burchfield. 4 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press.

  OFH Rutherford B. Hayes Library, Fremont, Ohio.

  Ogilvie, Frank B., comp.

  * 1896. Two Hundred Old-Time Songs. New York: J. S. Ogilvie Publishing Co.

  Owsley, Harry Bryan.

  1890. “Genealogical Facts of the Owsley Family in England and America from the Time of the ‘Restoration’ to the Present.” Typescript, Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society Library, Washington, D.C.

  Parkman, Francis.

  1880. The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life. 7th ed., rev. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co.

  1969. The Oregon Trail. Edited by E. N. Feltskog. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

  Paxson, Katharine Lampton.

  1974. “A Cousin’s Recollections of Mark Twain.” Twainian 33 (November–December): 4.

  PH Photocopy.

  Phillips, Abner.

  * 1842. MS of one page, a promissory note, dated 24 January, undertaking to deliver ten barrels of tar to John Marshall Clemens on or before 25 December, or to pay him the value thereof, CU-MARK.

  Pilcher, Margaret Campbell.

  [1911]. Historical Sketches of the Campbell, Pilcher and Kindred Families. Nashville, Tenn.: [Marshall and Bruce Co.].

  Portrait

  1895. Portrait and Biographical Record of Marion, Ralls and Pike Counties, with a Few From Macon, Adair, and Lewis Counties, Missouri. Chicago: C. O. Owen and Co. Citations are to the 1982 revised reprint edition. New London, Mo.: Ralls County Book Co.

  Quarles, John A.

  1855. Deed of emancipation, recorded on 14 November by George Glenn, clerk. Monroe County Deed Records, Book O, 240, Monroe County Circuit Court, Paris, Missouri.

  Rice, Edward Le Roy.

  1911. Monarchs of Minstrelsy, from “Daddy” Rice to Date. New York: Kenny Publishing Co.

  RoBards, John Lewis.

  1915. “Mark Twain As a Boy and a Man Who Made the World Laugh.” Hannibal Morning Journal, 27 June. Clipping in RoBards Scrapbooks, vol. 3.

  RoBards Scrapbooks

  n.d. Scrapbooks compiled by John Lewis RoBards, 3 vols., Joint Collection, Western Historical Manuscript Collection and the State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscripts, University of Missouri, Columbia.

  Routledge, Edmund, ed.

  1869. Every Boy’s Book: A Complete Encyclopaedia of Sports and Amusements. London: George Routledge and Sons.

  Rowland, John E.

  * 1907. “Londoner Remembers Old Times on the River. John E. Rowland Writes of Early Steamboating on the Mississippi,” clipping from unidentified newspaper, enclosed in John B. Downing to SLC, 3 June 1907, CU-MARK.

  St. Louis Census

  1850. Population Schedules of the Seventh Census of the United States, 1850. Rolls 414–418. Missouri: City and County of St. Louis. National Archives Microfilm Publications, microcopy no. 432. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration.

  1860. Population Schedules of the Eighth Census of the United States, 1860. Rolls 647–656. Missouri: City and County of St. Louis. National Archives Microfilm Publications, microcopy no. 653. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration.

  1900. Population Schedules of the Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900. Rolls 889–901. Missouri: City of St. Louis. National Archives Microfilm Publications, microcopy no. T623. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration.

  S&B

  1967. Mark Twain’s Satires & Burlesques. Edited by Franklin R. Rogers. The Mark Twain Papers. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

  Scharf, J. Thomas.

  1883. History of Saint Louis City and County, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Day. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts and Co.

  Selby, P. O., comp.

  1973. Mark Twain’s Kinfolks. Kirksville, Mo.: Missouriana Library, Northeast Missouri State University.

  Shoemaker, Floyd C.

  1927. “A Valuable and Historic Donation as a Memorial to Her Father.” Missouri Historical Review 21 (January): 254–55.

  SLC (Samuel Langhorne Clemens).

  1863. “Letter from Mark Twain.” Letter dated 12 December. Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, 15 December, clipping in Scrapbook 3:42–43, CU-MARK. Reprinted in MTEnt, 95–100.

  1865. “San Francisco Letter.” Letter dated 20 December. Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, 22 or 23 December, undated clipping in Yale Scrapbook, 47, CtY-BR. Reprinted in part by Smith and Anderson, 80–81.

  1867a. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain.’ ” Letter dated 16 April. San Francisco Alta California, 26 May, 1. Reprinted in MTTB, 141–48.

  1867b. “Jim Wolf and the Tom-Cats.” New York Sunday Mercury, 14 July, 3.

  1869a. The Innocents Abroad; or, The New Pilgrims’ Progress. Hartford: American Publishing Co.

  1869b. “A Day at Niagara.” Buffalo Express, 21 August, 1–2.

  1870a. Autobiography. MS of thirteen pages, CU-MARK. Published in AMT, 22–25, and, with omissions, as “The Tennessee Land” in MTA, 1:3–7.

  1870b. “The Noble Red Man.” Galaxy 10 (September): 426–29.

  1872. Roughing It. Hartford: American Publishing Co.

  1874. The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. Charles Dudley Warner, coauthor. Hartford: American Publishing Co.

  1875. “Old Times on the Mississippi.” Articles 1–7. Atlantic Monthly 35 (January–June): 69–73, 217–24, 283–89, 446–52, 567–74, 721–30; Atlantic Monthly 36 (August): 190–96.

  1876. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Hartford: American Publishing Co. See ATS.

  1880. A Tramp Abroad. Hartford: American Publishing Co.

  1882. “The Stolen White Elephant.” In The Stolen White Elephant, Etc., 7–35. Boston: James R. Osgood and Co.

  1883. Life on the Mississippi. Boston: James R. Osgood and Co.

  1885a. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Charles L. Webster and Co. See HF.

  1885b. “The Private History of a Campaign That Failed.” Century Magazine 31 (December): 193–204.

  1891. “Mental Telegraphy.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 84 (December): 95–104.

  1892. The American Claimant. New York: Charles L. Webster and Co.

  1894. The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson and the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins. Hartford: American Publishing Co.

  1895a. “Fenimore Cooper’s Literary Offences.” North American Review 161 (July): 1–12.

  1895b. “Mental Telegraphy Again.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 91 (September): 521–24.

  1896. “Tom Sawyer, Detective.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 93 (August, September): 344–61, 519–37. See TSA, 107–77.

  1897a. Following the Equator: A Journey Around the World. Hartford: American Publishing Co.

  1897b. Autobiographical notes. MS of one page beginning “Injun Joe’s death . . . ,” possibly written in 1897, CU-MARK.

  1897c. Autobiographical notes. MS of one page beginning “Campmeeting . . . ,” possibly written in 1897, PH in CU-MARK; location of original is not known.

  1897�
�98. “My Autobiography. [Random Extracts from it.]” MS of seventy-five pages, CU-MARK. Published, with omissions, as “Early Days” in MTA, 1:81–115.

  1898a. “Ralph Keeler.” MS of twenty-four pages, CU-MARK. Published in MTA, 1:154–64.

  1898b. Autobiographical notes. MS of seven pages beginning “Talk about going . . . ,” probably written in 1898, CU-MARK.

  1900. “Selections from My Autobiography.” TS of nineteen pages, with Clemens’s holograph revisions, CU-MARK. Published as “Playing ‘Bear’—Herrings—Jim Wolf and the Cats” in MTA, 1:125–43.

  1902. “Huck.” MS of one page, probably written in 1902, CU-MARK.

  1903. “Something about Doctors.” MS of fourteen pages (title supplied by Albert Bigelow Paine), CU-MARK.

  1938. Mark Twain’s Letter to William Bowen, Buffalo, February Sixth, 1870. Prefatory note by Clara Clemens Gabrilowitsch, foreword by Albert W. Gunnison. San Francisco: Book Club of California.

  Smith, Hedrick.

  * 1889. “He Returns, after Thirty-Eight Years to His First Love. Hedrick Smith Talks about Hannibal and Touches upon Things That Were Once Familiar,” clipping from the Hannibal Journal of unknown date, enclosed in Benton Coontz to SLC, 18 Apr 89, CU-MARK.

  Smith, Henry Nash, and Frederick Anderson, eds.

  1957. Mark Twain: San Francisco Correspondent. San Francisco: Book Club of California.

  Stone, H. N., D. M. Davidson, and W. R. McIntosh.

  1885. Stone, Davidson & Co.’s Hannibal City Directory. Hannibal: Stone, Davidson and Co.

  Stowe, Lyman Beecher.

  1934. Saints, Sinners, and Beechers. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co.

  Sweets, Henry H., III.

  1983. “Joe Harper Drawn from Childhood Playmate.” The Fence Painter 3 (Summer): 1–2.

  1984. The Hannibal, Missouri Presbyterian Church: A Sesquicentennial History. Hannibal: Presbyterian Church of Hannibal.

  1986–87. “Norval ‘Gull’ Brady Clemens Boyhood Friend.” The Fence Painter 6 (Winter): 1.

  Tompkins, Christopher, and Joseph Eve.

  * 1822. MS of one page, the license granted John Marshall Clemens to practice law in Kentucky, signed on 29 October by two “Judges empowered by law to grant licences,” CU-MARK.

  Trexler, Harrison Anthony.

  1914. Slavery in Missouri, 1804–1865. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

  TS Typescript.

  TS

  1980. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; Tom Sawyer Abroad; Tom Sawyer, Detective. Edited by John C. Gerber, Paul Baender, and Terry Firkins. The Works of Mark Twain. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. Texts reissued, with corrections and the original illustrations, in ATS and TSA.

  TSA

  1982. Tom Sawyer Abroad; Tom Sawyer, Detective. Foreword and notes by John C. Gerber, text established by Terry Firkins. Mark Twain Library. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.

  Tucker, Ephraim.

  1895. Genealogy of the Tucker Family. Worcester, Mass.

  Tuolumne Census

  1850. Population Schedules of the Seventh Census of the United States, 1850. Roll 36. California: Solano, Sonoma, Sutter, Trinity, Tuolumne, Yolo, and Yuba Counties. National Archives Microfilm Publications, microcopy no. 432. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration.

  Turner, Arlin.

  1955. “James Lampton, Mark Twain’s Model for Colonel Sellers.” Modern Language Notes 70 (December): 592–94.

  TxU Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas, Austin.

  Varble, Rachel M.

  1964. Jane Clemens: The Story of Mark Twain’s Mother. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Co.

  ViU Clifton Waller Barrett Library, Alderman Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

  Watts, Isaac.

  1802. Hymns and Spiritual Songs. Brookfield, Mass.: E. Merriam and Co.

  Way, Frederick, Jr.

  1983. Way’s Packet Directory, 1848–1983. Athens: Ohio University.

  Webster, Annie Moffett.

  n.d. Reminiscence. MS of seven pages beginning “My Grandmother loved . . . ,” NPV.

  1918. “Family Chronicle Written for Jean Webster McKinney by Her Grandmother.” TS of forty-four pages, 26 October, NPV.

  Wecter, Dixon.

  [1950]. Handwritten notes made on a typed transcription of “Villagers of 1840–3,” CU-MARK.

  1952. Sam Clemens of Hannibal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., Riverside Press.

  Weiss, Harry B., and Howard R. Kemble.

  1967. The Great American Water-Cure Craze: A History of Hydropathy in the United States. Trenton, N.J.: Past Times Press.

  Welsh, Donald H.

  1962. “Sam Clemens’ Hannibal, 1836–1838.” Midcontinent American Studies Journal 3 (Spring): 28–43. The article actually covers the years 1846–48.

  Wharton, Henry M.

  1902. “The Boyhood Home of Mark Twain.” Century Magazine 64 (September): 674–77.

  Wittke, Carl.

  1930. Tambo and Bones: A History of the American Minstrel Stage. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

  Wood, George B., and Franklin Bache.

  1883. The Dispensatory of the United States of America. 15th rev. ed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.

  Woodruff, Mrs. Howard W., comp.

  1969. “The Marriage Records of Ralls County, Missouri: Books ‘A’ and ‘B,’ 1821–1866.” 7231 Sycamore, Kansas City, Mo.: Mrs. Howard W. Woodruff. Mimeograph.

  Wright, George Frederick, ed.

  1880. History of Sacramento County, California. Oakland, Calif.: Thompson and West.

  Note on the Text

  The basic goal of this volume has been to collect the best of what Mark Twain wrote—but did not publish—about the Matter of Hannibal. That goal has occasioned some departure from the usual pattern of the Mark Twain Library. For the first time, texts have been reprinted from four separate volumes in the scholarly edition (The Mark Twain Papers and Works of Mark Twain), each prepared by a different editor, at various intervals between 1967 and 1980. It was therefore all but inevitable that these texts would require a relatively large number of corrections and adjustments. And, since much of the interest in these selections lay in their relation to the historical and biographical facts, a “sparingly annotated” reprint could scarcely justify itself, let alone satisfy the universal curiosity about that relation. Too much has been learned even in the last five years about the factual basis of Mark Twain’s fiction to warrant a simple sifting of the original annotation. The editors have therefore corrected the texts wherever possible, and have included an extensive correction and enrichment of the editorial commentary first published with these several selections in The Mark Twain Papers and Works of Mark Twain.

  Except for the first two selections, “Boy’s Manuscript” and “Letter to William Bowen,” all have been reprinted here from their typesetting in the scholarly edition—not necessarily page for page, but virtually without resetting. Where piecemeal resetting has nevertheless been required, and where typesetting was necessarily de novo (as it was for the first two selections, and of course for all editorial commentary), the type has been proofread in accord with the standards of the Modern Language Association’s Committee on Scholarly Editions (CSE). Whether or not any part of a selection was reset, it was carefully re-compared with the manuscript or documents on which it is based. Changes in the original typesetting have been made in order to accommodate new historical or manuscript evidence, correct errors of transcription, apply the original editorial policy more consistently, or simply to eliminate needless intrusions, such as editorial footnotes on the text page. All changes to the texts, however slight, are listed here: the reading now adopted appears to the left of the bullet • the reading being changed appears to the right of it.

  Boy’s Manuscript (1–19). Reprinted and emended here is the “Reading Text” published in Supplement A of TS, 420–35, edited by John C. Gerber and Paul Baender. M
S in CU-MARK. That printing has been reset throughout, partly to make a few corrections, but chiefly to conform with the typeface used for all the other selections.

  Letter to William Bowen (20–23). This letter has not yet been published in the Mark Twain Papers series, where it will appear in Mark Twain’s Letters, Volume 3, 1869–1870, accompanied by a complete textual commentary. The text has been established from photographs and direct inspection of pages 1–8 and 13–14 of the original manuscript at the University of Texas (TxU). For manuscript pages 9–12 (“unto . . . father-in-law,” 22.2–32), which are lost, the source of the text is necessarily SLC 1938, 8–10, and a TS at the Mark Twain Memorial (CtHMTH), each of which derives independently from a (now lost) transcript of the complete MS prepared in 1887 by William Bowen. In addition, because the manuscript was written in a violet ink, now faded, we have drawn on SLC 1938 and the TS, as well as a third transcript (prepared from the MS, minus pages 9–12), all of which were made when the MS was somewhat more legible than it is now. Authorial deletions are represented with a slash or a horizontal rule through the type; insertions are enclosed by carets. Authorial errors are not corrected, so long as they can be intelligibly transcribed. A complete record of all emendation is on deposit with, and available upon request from, the Mark Twain Project, 480 Library, University of California, Berkeley, 94720.

  Tupperville-Dobbsville (24–26). Reprinted and emended here is the text published in HH&T, 55–57, edited by Walter Blair. MS in CU-MARK.

  25.30 use. The • use.—The

  Clairvoyant (27–32). Reprinted but not emended here is the text published in HH&T, 61–66, edited by Walter Blair. MS in CU-MARK.

  Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians (33–81). Reprinted and emended here is the text published in HH&T, 92–140, edited by Walter Blair. It has been re-compared with photocopy of the manuscript, which is housed chiefly at the Detroit Public Library (MiD), although random pages are also owned by CtHMTH, KyLoU, CLjC, NNU-F, and NBolS. Where pages are missing from the manuscript, the omissions are necessarily supplied from galley proof of type which the author had set on the Paige typesetter directly from his manuscript when it was still intact (CU-MARK). Seven additional pages of the manuscript have been found since HH&T appeared in 1969, and they provide a handful of corrections to a portion of the text previously based on galley proof.