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by Roy Adkins


  31 Aaron Thomas Papers

  32 Crawford 1851, vol. 1, p. 272

  33 NMM manuscript SPB/15

  34 Hay 1953, pp. 43–4

  35 Hay 1953, p. 44

  36 Millard 1895, p. 84

  37 NMM manuscript LBK/38

  38 TNA ADM 1/5346

  39 Hay 1953, pp. 44–5

  40 Thursfield 1951, p. 243

  41 Crawford 1851, vol. 1, p. 169

  42 Thursfield 1951, p. 244

  43 Thursfield 1951, p. 245

  44 Fraser 1896, p. 272

  45 Thursfield 1951, pp. 245–6

  46 Thursfield 1951, p. 246

  47 Goodall 1860, pp. 20–1

  48 Thursfield 1951, p. 247

  49 Leech 1844, pp. 36–7

  50 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 137

  51 Smyth 1867, p. 478

  52 Goodall 1860, p. 21

  53 Robinson 1836, p. 12

  54 Forester 1954, p. 28

  55 Hay 1953, p. 51

  56 Thursfield 1951, p. 31

  57 Brewer 1805, p. 433

  58 Hay 1953, pp. 70–1

  59 Raigersfeld 1929, p. 36

  60 Bonner-Smith 1942, p. 51

  61 Crawford 1851, vol. 1, p. 35

  62 Morrice 1801, pp. 5–6

  63 Crawford 1851, vol. 1, p. 37

  64 Crawford 1851, vol. 1, pp. 34–5

  65 Crawford 1851, vol. 1, p. 37

  66 Scott 1834, vol. 1, p. 8

  67 Scott 1834, vol. 1, p. 13

  68 Robinson 1911, p. 114, from ‘The Jolly Sailor’s True Description of a Man-of-War’ of the late eighteenth century

  69 Watson 1827, pp. 115–16

  70 Robinson 1836, p. 27

  71 Robinson 1836, p. 28

  72 Goodall 1860, pp. 18–19

  73 Goodall 1860, p. 65

  74 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 74

  75 Gardner 1906, p. 241

  76 Aaron Thomas Papers

  77 The Naval Chronicle 3, 1800, p. 159

  78 Nicolas 1846, p. ccxiv

  79 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 82

  80 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, p. 164

  81 Dillon 1953, vol. 2, p. 124

  82 Scott 1834, vol. 1, p. 41

  83 Aaron Thomas Papers

  84 Goodall 1860, pp. 59–60

  85 Rees 1822, pp. 3–4

  86 Goodall 1860, pp. 63–4

  87 Goodall 1860, p. 64

  88 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 82

  89 Bates 1868, p. 42

  90 Gardner 1906, p. 178

  91 Bates 1868, pp. 42–3

  92 Watson 1827, p. 89

  93 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, p. 101

  94 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, p. 104

  95 Thursfield 1951, p. 14

  96 Goodall 1860, pp. 50–1

  97 Hoffman 1901, pp. 72–3

  98 Glascock 1826, pp. 138–9

  99 Robinson 1836, pp. 54–5

  100 Robinson 1836, p. 55

  101 Susan Lucas collection

  102 Marryat 1872, pp. 36–7

  103 Glascock 1826, pp. 141–2

  104 Gardner 1906, p. 199

  105 Glascock 1826, p. 143

  106 Hay 1953, p. 164

  107 Hoffman 1901, p. 24

  108 Scott 1834, vol. 1, pp. 72–3

  109 O’Meara 1822, vol. 1, p. 177

  TWO: PRESSED

  1 The Times 16 August 1790

  2 Bates 1868, p. 85

  3 Bates 1868, p. 85

  4 Boteler 1942, p. 44

  5 Lincoln and McEwen 1960, p. 14

  6 Middlesex Journal: or, Chronicle of Liberty 3–5 Jan 1771

  7 The Times 23 October 1787

  8 Hampshire Chronicle 21 March 1803

  9 Pasley 1931, p. 61

  10 Letter of 10 December 1815 from ‘An Englishman’, in The European Magazine February 1816, p. 122

  11 O’Meara 1822, vol. 2, p. 381

  12 Lovett 1876, pp. 2–3

  13 National Maritime Museum manuscript JOD/156

  14 Fyfe 1942, p. 51

  15 Jackson 1927, pp. 26–8

  16 Wyndham-Quin 1912, pp. 121–2

  17 Rattenbury 1837, p. 15. German Phillips was identified by Eileen Hathaway (1994, p. 37)

  18 Naval Chronicle 9 1803, pp. 243–4

  19 Naval Chronicle 9 1803, p. 247

  20 Naval Chronicle 9 1803, p. 329

  21 Leyland 1899, pp. 1–2

  22 The National Archives ADM 1/5128

  23 NMM manuscript LBK/38

  24 Kelly 1925, p. 251

  25 Waterhouse 1911, pp. 187–8

  26 Price 1984, p. 17

  27 Price 1984, p. 18

  28 Lovett 1876, p. 3

  29 The Hampshire Courier, or, Portsmouth, Portsea, Gosport, and Chichester Advertiser 2 March 1812

  30 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 10, 1821, p. 444. This was published by Thomas Doubleday, an early folk song collector in Northumberland, using his alias Josiah Shufflebotham

  31 Goodall 1860, pp. 2–3

  32 Goodall 1860, pp. 3–4

  33 Goodall 1860, p. 3

  34 Robinson 1836, pp. 2–3

  35 The Times 8 October 1790

  36 Naval Chronicle 9 1803, pp. 331–2

  37 Royal Naval Museum manuscript 1996/31/1 – these are the final words of a journal written in 1820. Mackay also wrote a near-identical journal five years earlier (1996/31/2), which ended with his arrival at Yarmouth

  38 The Times 19 November 1793

  39 Kelly 1925, pp. 270–1

  40 Thomas 1968, p. 178

  41 TNA ADM 51/1146

  42 Thomas 1968, p. 179

  43 The Times 25 July 1798

  44 Gentleman’s Magazine 50, 1780, p. 72

  45 Gentleman’s Magazine 50, 1780, p. 73

  46 The Times 2 October 1787

  47 TNA ADM 1/2676: letter of 23 July 1781

  48 Stirling 1919, vol. 1, pp. 94–5

  49 Moody 1959, p. 229

  50 Moody 1959, p. 230

  51 TNA ADM 51/1146

  52 Rattenbury 1837, p. 15

  53 Price 1984, p. 7, written on 18 December 1803

  54 Naval Chronicle 12, 1805, pp. 453–4

  55 Pettigrew 1849, vol. 1, p. 410

  56 Naval Chronicle 9, 1803, p. 247

  57 Royal Marines Museum manuscript P/9/14

  58 RMM manuscript P/9/14

  59 RMM manuscript 591/76(B)

  60 RMM manuscript 591/76(B)

  61 Rees 1822, p. 1

  62 RMM manuscript 11/19/93

  63 RMM manuscript 11/19/93

  64 Aaron Thomas Papers, Special Collections, University of Miami Libraries

  65 Aaron Thomas Papers

  66 Nicolas 1845, vol. 5, p. 45

  67 Nicolas 1845, vol. 5, p. 45

  68 TNA ADM 1/2507

  69 Leech 1844, p. 71

  70 Thursfield 1951, p. 159

  71 TNA ADM 52/3804

  THREE: SALT JUNK AND GROG

  1 Aaron Thomas Papers, Special Collections, University of Miami Libraries

  2 Gardner 1906, pp. 244–5

  3 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, p. 386 fn

  4 Leech 1844, p. 46

  5 Nicolas 1844, p. 297

  6 Upton collection, Wilkinson 060228wdww, letter of 28 February 1806

  7 Goodall 1860, p. 67

  8 Goodall 1860, p. 67

  9 Aaron Thomas Papers. This was 25 July 1798, at Basseterre, St Kitts

  10 Watson 1827, pp. 126–7 – this was in 1811

  11 Blane 1785, p. 292

  12 Thursfield 1951, p. 246

  13 Thursfield 1951, pp. 246–7

  14 Goodall 1860, pp. 132–3

  15 Robinson 1836, p. 7

  16 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 137

  17 Royal Naval Museum manuscript 1986/537/50

  18 RNM manuscript 1986/537/50

  19 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 137

  20 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 138

  21 Thursfield 1951, p. 247

  22 Thomas 1968, p. 190

>   23 Aaron Thomas Papers

  24 Pemberton 1843, p. 161

  25 Pemberton 1843, p. 145

  26 Raigersfeld 1929, pp. 11–12

  27 RNM manuscript 1986/537/23 – this was December 1811 on board HMS Queen

  28 Barrett 1841a, p. 15

  29 Sinclair 1857, pp. 37–9

  30 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 137

  31 Watson 1827, pp. 125–6. This was in 1811

  32 Griffiths 1824, p. 158

  33 Aaron Thomas Papers. This was 8 July 1798

  34 Fremantle 1940, p. 94

  35 Pasley 1931, p. 69

  36 Pasley 1931, p. 69

  37 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, p. 397

  38 Fremantle 1940, p. 176

  39 Fremantle 1940, p. 212. He was still in the Neptune

  40 National Maritime Museum manuscript JOD/156

  41 Barrett 1841a, p. 15

  42 Gardner 1906, p. 139

  43 Aaron Thomas Papers

  44 Trotter 1804, vol. 3, p. 279

  45 Thomas 1968, p. 93

  46 Thomas 1968, p. 190

  47 Thomas 1968, p. 190

  48 Price 1984, pp. 17–18: letter of 25 May 1804

  49 Trotter 1804, vol. 3, p. 280

  50 Raigersfeld 1929, p. 18

  51 Trotter 1804, vol. 3, p. 279

  52 Aaron Thomas Papers. This was 17 April 1799

  53 Hay 1953, p. 170

  54 Hay 1953, pp. 170–1

  55 NMM manuscript JOD/156

  56 Hay 1953, p. 171

  57 Trotter 1804, vol. 3, p. 129

  58 Royal Marines Museum manuscript 11/19/93

  59 Hall 1846, series 1, p. 31

  60 Barrett 1841a, p. 15

  61 Raigersfeld 1929, p. 24

  62 Raigersfeld 1929, p. 25

  63 Watson 1827, p. 148

  64 Raigersfeld 1929, p. 39

  65 RMM archive ‘John Whick Musician – Royal Marines, Letters from HMS Victory 1808–1812’, ACQ 2004/0075

  66 Blane 1785, p. 211

  67 Thursfield 1951, p. 26

  68 Thursfield 1951, p. 31

  69 Thursfield 1951, p. 32

  70 Crawford 1851, vol. 1, p. 134

  71 Prior 1820, p. 76.

  72 Fremantle 1940, p. 245. This was 1806

  73 Pasley 1931, p. 217

  74 Pasley 1931, p. 217

  75 Blane 1785, p. 283

  76 Nicolas 1845, vol. 5, p. 438

  77 NMM manuscript JOD/148

  78 Prior 1820, p. 49

  79 Aaron Thomas Papers

  80 Sinclair 1857, p. 6

  81 The National Archives ADM 1/5346

  82 TNA ADM 1/5346

  83 TNA ADM 1/5362

  84 Jackson 1927, pp. 37–8

  85 Fremantle 1940, p. 128. He was on board the Ganges in Aris Bay in July 1804

  86 Fremantle 1940, p. 245. He was in the Neptune

  87 William Ffarington logbook in Brixham Museum

  88 NMM manuscript GRE/15

  89 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 73. This was 1 April 1805

  90 Raigersfeld 1929, p. 23

  91 NMM manuscript JOD/156. He was on board HMS Minerva in 1793

  92 Bates 1868, pp. 20–1

  93 Bates 1868, p. 21

  94 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 66

  95 Scott 1834, vol. 1, p. 21. This was in 1803 under Captain Cockburn

  96 Thursfield 1951, p. 29

  97 Sinclair 1857, p. 59

  98 Spilsbury 1807, p. 6

  99 Thomas 1968, pp. 35–6

  100 Blane 1785, p. 300

  101 Thursfield 1951, p. 173

  102 Jackson 1927, p. 5

  103 Blane 1785, p. 301

  104 Thomas 1968, p. 77

  105 Fremantle 1940, p. 209

  106 Watson 1827, p. 61

  107 Hall 1846, series 2, p. 98

  108 Sinclair 1857, pp. 57–8

  109 Watson 1827, p. 106

  110 Leech 1844, p. 65. This was in 1810 off Lisbon

  111 Thursfield 1951, p. 141

  112 Thursfield 1951, p. 153

  113 Thursfield 1951, p. 154

  114 Goodall 1860, p. 23

  115 NMM manuscript MSS/73/075

  116 Price 1984, p. 31: letter of 8 May 1805

  117 William Ffarington logbook

  118 NMM manuscript JOD/156

  119 Trotter 1804, vol. 3, p. 129. He was writing in 1801

  120 Leech 1844, pp. 65–6

  121 Letter in Yule-Booth collection

  122 Aaron Thomas Papers

  123 Raigersfeld 1929, p. 32

  124 Aaron Thomas Papers

  125 Aaron Thomas Papers

  126 Aaron Thomas Papers

  127 Aaron Thomas Papers

  128 Aaron Thomas Papers

  129 Aaron Thomas Papers

  130 Aaron Thomas Papers

  131 Aaron Thomas Papers

  132 Rees 1822, p. 10

  133 Leech 1844, p. 66

  134 Watson 1827, pp. 108–9

  135 NMM manuscript MSS/73/075

  FOUR: FACING THE ELEMENTS

  1 Watson 1827, p. 134

  2 Bourchier 1873, p. 73. His brother was William Bethell, not Codrington

  3 Prior 1820, p. 55

  4 Prior 1820, pp. 54–5

  5 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 117

  6 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 117

  7 Petrides and Downs 2000, pp. 117–18

  8 Thomas 1968, p. 35

  9 Thomas 1968, p. 189

  10 Thomas 1968, p. 45

  11 Thomas 1968, pp. 45–6

  12 Royal Marines Museum manuscript 11/19/93

  13 Plaque inside St Mary’s church at Bridport. Charlotte Carpenter had already lost her second son in 1787, aged eight years, and three other sons died in infancy. She herself was buried in the churchyard in 1815, and the plaque was erected by her youngest and only surviving son

  14 Gardner 1906, p. 220

  15 Fremantle 1940, p. 31

  16 Millard 1895, p. 82

  17 Moody 1961–2, p. 108

  18 Watson 1827, p. 133. He was on board HMS Eagle

  19 Scott 1842, pp. 85–6

  20 Moody 1961–2, p. 246. This was April 1815

  21 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 49

  22 Hay 1953, pp. 184–5

  23 Rees 1822, p. 23. This was December 1809

  24 RMM manuscript 11/19/93

  25 RMM manuscript 11/19/93

  26 TNA ADM 52/2359

  27 TNA ADM 52/2359

  28 TNA ADM 52/2359

  29 Inglefield 1783, pp. 6–7

  30 Inglefield 1783, pp. 7–8

  31 Inglefield 1783, pp. 14–15

  32 Inglefield 1783, pp. 21–3

  33 Inglefield 1783, p. 24

  34 Inglefield 1783, pp. 24–5

  35 Inglefield 1783, p. 27

  36 Inglefield 1783, p. 32

  37 Annual Register 1782, p. 228

  38 Hay 1953, p. 214

  39 Pemberton 1843, p. 84

  40 Trotter 1804, vol. 1, p. 446

  41 Regulations 1808, p. 365

  42 The Royal Cornwall Gazette, Falmouth Packet and Plymouth Journal 19 March 1808

  43 Hay 1953, pp. 99–100

  44 Leech 1844, p. 35. He is two years older in the muster books than in his memoirs

  45 National Maritime Museum manuscript JOD/156

  46 William Ffarington logbook, Brixham Museum

  47 William Ffarington logbook

  48 NMM manuscript RUSI/ER/3/11

  49 NMM manuscript RUSI/ER/3/11

  50 Thursfield 1951, pp. 257–8

  51 Hay 1953, p. 190

  52 Regulations 1808, p. 425

  53 RMM manuscript 11/12/42

  54 Regulations 1808, p. 427

  55 RMM manuscript 11/19/93

  56 RMM manuscript 11/12/42. The letter dates to 14 August 1805

  57 Beatty 1807, p. 33

  58 Beatty 1807, p. 68

  59 Nicolas 1844, p. 89

  60 NMM manuscript WQB/40
>
  61 Beatty 1807, pp. 80–1

  62 William Ffarington logbook

  63 TNA ADM 1/5399

  64 Leech 1844, pp. 125–6

  65 Gardner 1906, p. 107

  66 Tucker 1844, pp. 427–8

  67 RMM manuscript 11/12/42:two letters written at Portsmouth dating to 14 and 29 August 1805

  68 Hay 1953, p. 71

  69 Newnham Collingwood 1829, p. 124

  70 Beatty 1807, p. 28

  71 Beatty 1807, p. 81

  72 Hay 1953, p. 167

  73 NMM manuscript JOD/156

  74 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 117

  75 William Ffarington logbook

  76 Trotter 1804, vol. 1, pp. 443–4

  77 William Ffarington logbook

  78 Moody 1959, p. 230

  79 Royal Naval Museum manuscript 2001/57

  80 Moody 1959, p. 230

  81 Moody 1959, pp. 230–1

  82 NMM manuscript GRE/15

  83 Trotter 1804, vol. 1, pp. 444–5

  84 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, p. 104

  85 Blane 1785, p. 145

  86 The Times 12 September 1806

  87 The Times 12 September 1806

  88 William Ffarington logbook. Barlow was captain of the Phoebe from 1795 to 1801

  89 William Ffarington logbook

  90 Bates 1868, pp. 45–6

  91 Bates 1868, p. 46

  92 NMM manuscript WQB/39

  93 Lovell 1879, p. 31

  94 Letter in Upton collection 07119wwsp

  95 Letter in Upton collection 071123wwsp 23 November 1807

  96 Aaron Thomas Papers, Special Collections, University of Miami Libraries. This was 1798

  97 Spilsbury 1807, p. 16

  98 Letter of John Yule to his wife 20 March 1802, Yule-Booth collection

  99 TNA ADM 1/5126

  100 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, pp. 428–9

  101 William Ffarington logbook

  102 William Ffarington logbook

  103 William Ffarington logbook

  104 Cockburn 1815, p. 2

  105 Cockburn 1815, p. 8. This was July 1810

  106 Lowry 2006, p. 93

  107 Trotter 1804, vol. 1, p. 444

  108 Regulations 1808, p. 139

  109 RMM manuscript 11/12/42

  110 Cooper 1869, pp. 124–5

  111 Dillon 1953, vol. 1, p. 429

  112 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 184

  113 Gardner 1906, pp. 89–90

  114 The Times 7 December 1785

  115 The Times 7 December 1785

  116 Fremantle 1940, pp. 118–19

  117 British Library manuscript Add. 38,886

  118 NMM manuscript MSS/73/075

  119 TNA ADM 1/181

  120 RNM manuscript 2001/57. This was January 1811

  121 Crawford 1851, vol. 2, p. 220

  122 Davis 1815, p. 12 (first published in 1805)

  123 TNA ADM 1/5346

  124 Aaron Thomas Papers

  125 Aaron Thomas Papers

  126 Aaron Thomas Papers

  127 Aaron Thomas Papers

  128 Robertson 1807, pp. 432–3

  129 Blane 1785, p. 53

  130 Petrides and Downs 2000, p. 101

 

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