The Publisher: Henry Luce and His American Century

by Alan Brinkley

16. JSBD, September 25, November 17, December 14, 15, 18, 1953, January 27, 1954.

  17. JSBD, March 16, 30, 31, 1954; Andrew Heiskell interview; HRL to Leo Burnett, October 13, 1955, TIA.

  18. Sports Illustrated, August 16, 1954.

  19. Ibid.

  20. Frank Deford, “Introduction,” in Sports Illustrated: The Anniversary Book (New York: Time Inc., 2004), pp. 10–11; Sports Illustrated, August 16, 1954–August 9, 1955.

  21. Sports Illustrated, August 23, 1954, May 16, June 13, December 5, 1955, December 20, 1965; Rob Fleder, ed., Sports Illustrated: Fifty Years of Great Writing, 1954–2004 (New York: Time Inc., 2004).

  22. Sports Illustrated, January 2, 1956.

  23. Audrey Foote, Journal Entry, Paris 1956, Timothy Foote to Henry Luce III, n.d., 2000, Henry Luce III to Timothy Foote, February 14, 2000, privately held; Corinne Thrasher to Grace Cunningham, January 28, 1959, TIA.

  24. Andrew Heiskell interview, Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Mary Bancroft to HRL, May 13, 1950, Bancroft diary, February 9, 1957, January 17, 1960, Bancroft Mss.

  25. Andrew Heiskell interview; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Henry Graff interview; JSBD, January 12, 1953; Richard Clurman interview; Mary Bancroft diary, December 10, 1950, Bancroft Mss.

  26. Mary Bancroft to HRL, April 22, 1958, Bancroft to W. A. Swanberg, July 31, 1971, Bancroft Mss.

  27. Mary Bancroft to HRL, September 7, 28, 1947, Bancroft to Allen Dulles, September 27, 1947, Bancroft memo, January 22, 1971, Bancroft Mss.

  28. Mary Bancroft to HRL, September 7, 1947, February 18, 1948, n.d., 1951, Bancroft memo, January 22, 1971, Bancroft Mss.

  29. Mary Bancroft to HRL, July 10, 1951, April 22, 1958, Bancroft Mss.; HRL to Bancroft, August 10, December, n.d., 1948, May 11, 13, 19, 1949, November 26, 1949, February 22, May 7, 1950, Bancroft to W. A. Swanberg, March 15, 1971, W. A. Swanberg Mss.

  30. Mary Bancroft diary, February 9, May 3, 1957, January 17, 1960, Bancroft to HRL, January 1, 1948, February 25, 1952, July 17, 1955, Allen Grover to Bancroft, June 10, 1954, Bancroft Mss.

  31. HRL to Mary Bancroft, June 10, 1950, Swanberg Mss.; Bancroft to HRL, February 25, 1952, July 17, 1955, February 19, 1956, Bancroft diary entry, January 17, 1960, Bancroft Mss.; Corinne Thrasher to HRL, July 10, 1947, TIA.

  32. Mary Bancroft to HRL, August 20, 1959, Bancroft Memo, December 1, 1970, Bancroft Mss.

  33. Mary Bancroft diary, February 9, 1957, Bancroft Mss.

  34. Jeanne Campbell interview; transcript of Jeanne Campbell interview with W. A. Swanberg, September 16, 1972, W. A. Swanberg Mss.; Daily Telegraph (London), November 29, 1996; Wilfred Sheed, Clare Boothe Luce (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1982), pp. 125–26; Ralph G. Martin, Henry and Clare: An Intimate Portrait of the Luces (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1991), pp. 335–37.

  35. Jeanne Campbell interview; Campbell-Swanberg interview, n.d., Swanberg Mss.

  36. Jeanne Campbell interview; Daily Telegraph (London), September 23, 2007; Martin, Henry and Clare, pp. 344–46.

  37. Jeanne Campbell interview; Campbell-Swanberg interview, Swanberg Mss.; W. A. Swanberg, Luce and His Empire (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972), pp. 403–4; Martin, Henry and Clare, pp. 344–48.

  38. New York Times, March 25, 1966; Alex Groner to Andrew Heiskell, November 3, 1961, Bill Furth to Heiskell, November 30, 1961, Ralph Paine to HRL, October 30, 1961, HRL to Paine, November 13, 1961, “Notes of phone call from HRL in Honolulu,” August 2, 1965, TIA; New York Times, March 25, 1966.

  39. Mary Bancroft to W. A. Swanberg, May 1, 1971, Bancroft Mss.; Jeanne Campbell interview; Elson, World of Time Inc., pp. 428–29; Martin, Henry and Clare, pp. 346–48.

  40. Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Elson, World of Time Inc., pp. 428–29; Martin, Henry and Clare, pp. 346–48; Time, September 29, 1958.

  41. Time, September 8, 1959, May 16, 1960.

  42. “Let There be Life!” Nation, November 23, 1957, p. 378; New York Herald-Tribune, September 17, 1959; John W. Jeffries, “The ‘Quest for National Purpose’ of 1960,” American Quarterly 30 (Autumn 1978): 453–55.

  43. “The Reminiscences of Robert Hutchins,” 1967, pp. 77–78, COHP; HRL to Hutchins, December 15, 1946, TIA; New York Times, June 14, October 19, 1957, July 14, 1958.

  44. W. A. Swanberg, Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1976), p. 377; Norman Thomas to HRL, June 20, 1956, HRL to Thomas, June 25, 1956, Bill Furth to Hedley Donovan, June 25, 1956, HRL to Marshall Berger, June 23, 1958, HRL to Hubert Humphrey, August 20, 1959, TIA.

  45. Elson, World of Time Inc., pp. 464–65; Max Ways, Beyond Survival (New York: Harper Bros., 1959).

  46. HRL to John Courtney Murray, January 6, 9, 1960, HRL to Archibald MacLeish, February 16, 1960, HRL, “The Age We Enter,” January 1958, HRL, “The Future of the American Proposition,” n.d., 1962, TIA.

  47. New York Times, February 7, 8, 1960; President’s Commission on National Goals, Goals for Americans (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1960); Stephen R. Graubard, “The Nation’s Goals,” Commonweal 73 (1961): 379–81.

  48. John K. Jessup et al., The National Purpose (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1960).

  49. Adlai Stevenson, “‘Extend Our Vision … to All Mankind,’” pp. 22–23, 34–35, Archibald MacLeish, “‘ We have Purpose … We All Know It,’” pp. 41–42, Clinton Rossiter, “We Must Show the Way to Enduring Peace,” pp. 87–88, David Sarnoff, “‘Turn Cold War Tide in America’s Favor,’” pp, 49–50, Walter Lippmann, “National Purpose,” pp. 131–32, Albert Wohlstetter, “No Highway to High Purpose,” pp. 106–7, James Reston, “Our History Suggests a Remedy,” pp. 116–17, all in Jessup et al., The National Purpose.

  50. Jeffries, “The ‘Quest for National Purpose’ of 1960,” pp. 467–70; Joe David Brown to HRL, August 19, 1952, HRL, “The Future of the American Proposition,” n.d., 1962, TIA; Elson, World of Time Inc., p. 464.

  51. Life, July 19, August 30, 1937, October 3, 1938, March 21, 1949; “Life and Negroes,” memo, n.d., 1939, Edward S. Lewis to HRL, March 23, 1949, J. G. Coughlin to HRL, May 23, 1949, Peter Prentice to HRL, October 13, 1943, HRL to editors, October 14, 1943, TIA.

  52. HRL to JSB, March 25, 1956, Edward K. Thompson memo, March 21, 1956, Moffett to Thompson, November 16, 1956, Dick Stolley to Edward K. Thompson et al., October 4, 5, 6, 8, 1956, Edward K. Thompson to Bob Wallace et al., December 4, 1956, TIA; Life, February 20, 1956, September 16, 23, 30, October 7, 1957; Time, October 7, 1957; Long to Rowen et al., April 27, 1961, Edward K. Thompson to Sam G. Sanders, February 22, 1963, TIA; Andrew Heiskell interview.

  53. Time, December 2, 1957.

  54. John F. Kennedy, Why England Slept (New York: W. Funk, Inc., 1940); HRL, “Foreword to John Kennedy’s book Why England Slept,” July 1940, TIA; John Steele, interview with Henry R. Luce, November 11, 1965, pp. 1–3, JFKL; John F. Kennedy to HRL, July 9, 1940, TIA.

  55. HRL to Nixon, April 28, 1959, Nixon to HRL, February 24, 1958, February 13, 1959, HRL to Nixon, July 29, 1960, William Benton to HRL, August 1, 1960, HRL to William Benton, August 2, 1960, Jacqueline Kennedy to HRL, n.d., 1954, Time Inc. Newsletter, August 12, 1960, TIA; Steele, interview with Luce, November 11, 1965, pp. 8, 13–18, JFKL; Henry Luce III interview.

  56. Richard Clurman interview; Andrew Heiskell interview; Life, August 15, 1960; Elson, World of Time Inc., pp. 472–75; New York Times, August 5, 6, 1960.

  57. Steele, interview with Luce, November 11, 1965, pp. 9–12, 18, JFKL; Albert Furth to Bela Kornitzer, June 15, 1962, TIA; Henry Luce III interview.

  58. Steele, interview with Luce, November 11, 1965, pp. 18–20, JFKL; HRL to Nixon, November 14, 1960, HRL memo, July, n.d., 1960, TIA; John Pollack, Billy Graham: Evangelist to the World (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1979); John Pollack memo, n.d., HRL to William Dwight Whitney, January 26, 1961, TIA; Life, August 15, 1960; Elson, World of Time Inc., pp. 475–76.

  59. Philip L. Graham to HRL, December 29, 1960, “Inauguration Schedule,” Eme-line Nollen to Mrs. William Scarlett, June 6,
1961, “Foreword to … Why England Slept,” 1961, TIA.

  60. HRL to Joe David Brown, September 29, 1962, TIA; Steele interview with HRL, November 11, 1965, pp. 22–31, JFKL; John F. Kennedy, “Message to Time’s Fortieth Anniversary Dinner,” May 6, 1963, TIA; David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), pp. 351–67.

  61. John F. Kennedy to HRL, June 12, August 9, 1962, HRL to John F. Kennedy, June 23, August 10, 1962, TIA; Steele interview with HRL, pp. 34–37, JFKL; Otto Fuerbringer to John Steele, December 1, 1962, HRL, “Meeting with JFK on Monday, October 24, 1962,” Fuerbringer to HRL, December 1, 1962, TIA.

  62. Time, November 29, 1963; Life, November 29, 1963; Curtis Prendergast, The World of Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise, 1960–1980 (New York: Atheneum, 1986), pp. 120–33.

  63. Time, November 29, 1963; Life, December 9, 1963; Theodore H. White, In Search of History: A Personal Adventure (New York: Harper & Row, 1978), pp. 518–26.

  64. Steele interview with HRL, pp. 41–42, JFKL; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Henry Luce III interview.

  XIV LETTING GO

  1. HRL to CBL, n.d., 1960, CBL Mss.; Jeanne Campbell interview; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview.

  2. CBL to John Courtney Murray, October 25, 1959, CBL to HRL, n.d., 1959, CBL untitled, undated memo, 1959, CBL to HRL, n.d., 1959, CBL Mss.

  3. HRL to John Courtney Murray, n.d., 1960, CBL Mss.

  4. CBL to HRL, n.d., 1959, CBL untitled, undated memo, n.d., 1960 CBL MSS.; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview.

  5. Ralph G. Martin, Henry and Clare: An Intimate Portrait of the Luces (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1991), pp. 367–72.

  6. CBL to John Courtney Murray, October 25, 1959, n.d., 1960, CBL, “Memo for John Courtney Murray,” n.d., 1960, HRL to John Courtney Murray, n.d., 1960; CBL Mss., Elisabeth Luce Moore interview.

  7. CBL to Gerald Heard, June 26, 1951, CBL to Sidney Cohen, n.d., 1961, CBL memo, n.d., 1960, Gerald Heard to CBL, February 15, 1966, CBL Mss.; New York Times, March 2, 1968; Norman O. Brown, Love’s Body (New York: Random House, 1966); Theodore Roszak, The Making of a Counter Culture: Reflections on the Technocratic Society and its Youthful Opposition (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1969).

  8. CBL to Sidney Cohen, n.d., 1961, “Report to Dr. Sidney Cohen,” April 30, 1962, CBL Mss.; Financial Times, August 7, 1982; Washington Post, October 22, 1996.

  9. HRL to Michael Barrie, July 21, 1959, TIA; “HRL took 100 Gamma of L.S.D.,” n.d., 1960, CBL to Sidney Cohen, March 12, 1960, HRL to Gerald Heard, April 21, 1960, CBL diary, “LSD experiments,” n.d., 1960, September 11, 1963, CBL to HRL, April 20, 1960, Gerald Heard to HRL, February 9, 1960, March 1, 1961, January 28, September 7, 1963, CBL Mss.; New York Post, March 2, 1968; Michael Barrie to HRL, July 27, 1961, Albert Furth to Ken Froslid, September 18, 1961, TIA.

  10. HRL to CBL, n.d., 1960, CBL memo, n.d., 1960, HRL to John Courtney Murray, n.d., 1960, CBL to John Courtney Murray, October 25, 1959, CBL Memo to John Courtney Murray, “‘Go in Peace’ or ‘Stay in Peace,’” n.d., 1960, CBL, “Imaginary Interview,” June 10, 1960, CBL Mss.

  11. CBL to HRL, February 29, 1960, CBL, “Pulling for the Horizon,” March 18, 1960, CBL, “What happens to me without you,” n.d., 1960, HRL to CBL, July 20, 1960, n.d., 1960, CBL, “A Memo to Harry about Diminishments,” n.d., 1960 (annotated later), CBL to HRL, November 26, 1961, HRL to CBL, n.d., 1962, August 8, 1962, May 6, 1966, CBL Mss.

  12. HRL to Peter Luce, May 17, 1950, February 18, 1953, TIA; JSBD, December 28, 1949; HRL to CBL, July, n.d., 1959, CBL diary, n.d., 1960, CBL Mss.; Henry Luce III interview; Peter Luce interview; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Christopher Luce interview.

  13. Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Henry Luce III interview; HRL to Chiang Kai-shek, October 23, 1957, April 26, 1958, “The National Presbyterian Church,” May 23, 1972, Emmie Nollen to Gloria Conn, July 8, 1965, HRL, “Two Assurances of Faith” (New York: Henry Luce Foundation, 1964), TIA.

  14. JSBD, October 7, 1950, August 20, 1951; HRL to James A. Pike, December 23, 1961, Pike to HRL, December 29, 1961, HRL to André Laguerre, February 23, 1954, HRL to Claude E. Forkner, June 30, 1956, HRL to Henry Van Dusen, June 28, 1962, Van Dusen to HRL, n.d., 1964, HRL to Van Dusen, September 10, 1964, TIA; New York Times, January 10, 1946.

  15. “Declaration of Intent of Henry Robinson Luce,” April 7, 1952, CBL Mss.; HRL to Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, n.d., 1949, Oxnam to HRL, January 3, 1950, Harold Matson to Robert Coughlan, August 11, 1948, HRL to Evelyn Waugh, August 18, 1949, HRL to Matthew Cavell, March 4, 1946, HRL to Editors, “The Catholic Faith,” n.d., 1960, TIA; “The Time of Henry Luce’s Life,” Christian Century, May 22, 1963.

  16. HRL, “A Speculation about A. D. 1980,” December 1955, TIA; “Random Notes on HRL’s random remarks about Courtney-Murray,” n.d., 1960, CBL to HRL, n.d., 1960, CBL Mss.; HRL to Henry Sloane Coffin, October 21, 1948, Coffin to HRL, October 22, 1948, HRL to Archibald MacLeish, May 16, 1959, HRL to Bishop James A. Pike, December 23, 1961, TIA.

  17. Andrew Heiskell interview; Henry Luce III interview; Robert T. Elson, The World of Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise (New York: Atheneum, 1973), pp. 331–34.

  18. JSBD, July 16, 1947, January 3, 1951, March 20, 1952.

  19. Elson, World of Time Inc., pp. 331–34; JSBD, January 5, 1951; Andrew Heiskell interview; Henry Luce III interview.

  20. Henry Luce III interview; CBL memo, n.d., 1960, CBL Mss.; Elson, World of Time Inc., pp. 331–34; Curtis Prendergast, The World of Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise, 1960–1980 (New York: Atheneum, 1986), p. 8.

  21. HRL to Staff, April 21, 1960; New York Times, April 22, 1960, April 17, 1964; Prendergast, World of Time Inc., pp. 11–12; W. A. Swanberg, Luce and His Empire (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972), pp. 442–43; Henry Luce III interview.

  22. New York Times, May 7, 1963; Advertising Age, March 25, 1963; Murray Gart to HRL, May 8, 1963, HRL to Paul Tillich, May 14, 1963, TIA; Andrew Heiskell interview.

  23. HRL, “Life: A New Prospectus for the Sixties,” n.d., 1962, TIA; Prendergast, World of Time Inc., pp. 37–48; Loudon Wainwright, The Great American Magazine: An Inside History of Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), pp. 336–39.

  24. Andrew Heiskell interview; Henry Luce III interview; Prendergast, World of Time Inc., pp. 65–80.

  25. Andrew Heiskell interview; Richard Clurman interview; HRL memo to staff, n.d., 1964, “Books,” TIA; Prendergast, World of Time Inc., pp. 87–100.

  26. Henry Grunwald interview; Andrew Heiskell interview; HRL, “The Rim of Asia, 1964,” n.d., 1964, TIA.

  27. John Steele to Otto Fuerbringer and R. Clurman, December 12, 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson to HRL, December 5, 1963, November 10, 1964, Fischer to HRL, July 16, 1964, John Steele to HRL, February 6, 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson to HRL, March 24, September 8, 1965, HRL to Lyndon B. Johnson, August 16, 1965, Robert Storey to HRL, July 9, 1965, HRL to Harry McPherson, September 3, 1965, TIA.

  28. HRL to Lyndon B. Johnson, July 16, 1960, Lyndon B. Johnson to HRL, July 26, 1960, HRL to Lyndon B. Johnson, November 17, 1960, November 27, 1963, May 13, 1964, HRL speech, Washington, D.C., January 26, 1965, TIA.

  29. HRL, “The Significance of the Goldwater Nomination,” n.d., 1964, HRL to Arthur Goodhart, July 28, 1964, HRL to Hedley Donovan, August 13, 1964, HRL to Leo Burnett, October 26, 1964, HRL to Thomas Griffith, September 4, 1964, TIA; Time, October 30, 1964; Life, October 30, 1964; Henry Luce III interview.

  30. Robert Elson to John Courtney Murray, April 28, 1966, Murray to Elson, May 4, 1966, “Notes on a Conversation,” April 28, 1966, TIA.

  31. John W. O’Daniel to HRL and CBL, March 29, 1957, O’Daniel to HRL, May 15, 20, 31, 1957, HRL to O’Daniel, May 24, June 10, December 18, 1957, American Friends of Vietnam Mss.; Leo Cherne to HRL, April 12, 1957, HRL to Cherne, April 15, 1957, press release, May 2, 1957, TIA; cable to LIFE, April 23, 1957, TD; Time, February 11, October 21, 1957, February 8, 1959, May 7, 1960.

  32. Dwig
ht D. Eisenhower to HRL, May 12, 1957, HRL to Henry Cabot Lodge, April 14, 1961, Lodge to HRL, April 19, 1961, December 13, 1965, HRL to Lodge, September 15, 1966, Lodge to HRL, September 20, 1966, TIA; Time, February 26, 1965; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Richard Clurman interview.

  33. Hugh Sidey to HRL, February 16, 1967, TIA; Andrew Heiskell interview.

  34. Time, November 30, 1962, August 9, October 11, 1963; Richard Clurman interview; David Halberstam interview; David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), pp. 459–67.

  35. New York Times, April 17, 1964.

  36. Time, April 24, 1964; “The Luce-Donovan Dinner,” May 25, 1964, TIA; Henry Grunwald interview.

  37. HRL to G. D. Birla, March 8, 1966, HRL to Norman Chandler, August 25, 1965, “Notes of phone call from HRL in Honolulu,” August 2, 1965, TIA; CBL, “Notes on HRL’s health,” May 25, 1972, CBL Mss.

  38. Cass Canfield to HRL, July 18, 1959, Michael Bessie to HRL, January 5, 1965, April 16, 1966, HRL to Michael Bessie, January 8, 1965, April 19, 1966, HRL unpublished memoir, n.d., 1966–67, TIA.

  39. HRL unpublished memoir, n.d., 1966–67, TIA.

  40. Dr. Milton Benjamin Rosenbluth, Medical Summary, November 30, 1942, Rosenbluth to HRL, April 20, 1951, Julius Ochs Sulzberger, October 31, 1947, TIA; “The Practical Management of Hypertension,” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine XX (November 1944): 557–74; CBL, untitled memo on HRL’s health, May 25, 1972, CBL Mss.

  EPILOGUE

  1. Time, May 10, 1967; Newsweek, May 13, 1967; New York Times, March 1, 1967; Curtis Prendergast, The World of Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise, 1960–1980 (New York: Atheneum, 1986), pp. 203–7.

  2. New York Times, March 1, 2, 4, 1967.

  3. CBL, untitled memo on HRL’s health, May 25, 1972, CBL Mss.; HRL Elson interview, 1964, TIA; HRL to LH, March, n.d., 1932, LT Mss.; HRL will, April 15, 1964, TIA; New York Times, March 1, 2, 4, 1967.

  4. Andrew Heiskell interview; Time, December 19, 1972; Life, December 29, 1972; Loudon Wainwright, The Great American Magazine: An Inside History of Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), pp, 340–45, 412–31.