Staring at God

by Simon Heffer

  Rapallo, Italy 564

  Rattigan, Terence: The Winslow Boy 446

  Rawlinson, General Sir Henry 677, 797

  Rayleigh, John Strutt, 3rd Baron 245

  Reading, Berksire 93

  Reading, Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of, Lord Chief Justice 49, 113, 223, 244, 307, 382, 435, 467, 468, 629

  Red Cross: American 217; British 109, 191, 263, 264, 297, 331, 431, 490, 621

  Redmond, John: and Home Rule 53, 123, 124, 342, 346; and threat of civil war 76, 126; and split in Nationalist Volunteers 342–3, 344; and Sinn Féin 127, 363, 369; calls for Irish brigade 145; objects to Carson’s inclusion in coalition government 236, 345–6; declines to serve 236–7; pro conscription 311; takes the salute of National Volunteers 345; and recruitment 348; receives warnings of rebellion 350; and Easter Rising 364, 368, 369, 370; vetoes Lord Robert Cecil 373; Lloyd George mediates between him and Carson 376; and Home Rule 377–8, 380, 381, 386–7, 387–8, 380, 627–8, 629; and Lansdowne 385–6; against conscription 427; attacks the government 428; and Duke 390, 429; rejects partition 630; agrees to convention 630; hustled in Cork 633; blamed by Dillon for election defeat 774; death and funeral 687

  Redmond, Major William 631, 634

  Reichspost 19

  Reims, France 110, 138, 139, 143

  Rents and Mortgage Interest Restriction Bill (1915) 285–6, 792–3

  Repington, Lt Colonel Charles à Court: calls for Kitchener to become Secretary of State 71; and Haldane 99; hears from Kitchener that BEF needs reinforcements 132; reports on shell shortage (the Shell Scandal) 220–21, 228, 229, 230, 240, 249; and Lloyd George 293, 420; and Sir John French 299; and recruitment 326, 336–7, 426; on public acceptance of casualties 417; and Lloyd George and Robertson 438; and Aitken 489; colludes with Haig 557; has building repairs 603; his articles are rewritten by Dawson 657–8; resigns from The Times 658; moves to Morning Post 665; prosecuted by Lloyd George 665–6; criticises Lloyd George’s plan to fight the Turks 669, and the War Cabinet 680; accuses Lloyd George of misleading Parliament 690–91, and failing to supply Army needs 705–6; and Maurice 710, 712

  Representation of the People Act (1918) 625, 734

  Reuter, Rear Admiral Ludwig von 823

  Reynold’s News 66, 468, 737

  RFC see Royal Flying Corps

  Rhodes, Cecil 418

  Rhondda, David Thomas, 1st Viscount 534–7, 538, 539–40, 541, 542–4, 593, 620, 649, 764

  Ribblesdale, Thomas Lister, 4th Baron 660

  Ribot, Alexandre 561, 567

  RIC see Royal Irish Constabulary

  Richardson, Sir Albion 805

  Ricketts, Oscar Gristwood 333

  Riddell, Sir George 38; relations with Lloyd George 179, 200, 244, 397, 438, 439, 480, 694; on Law 224; arranges for Runciman to meet miners’ leader 270, 271; critical of Northcliffe 312, 438; on Frances Stevenson 403; and Churchill 518; warned by Carson of food shortages 529; tells Lloyd George of sugar queues 533–4; foresees confrontation between Lloyd George and the generals 562; and Burnham 583; warns Lloyd George of a grim year ahead 643; and Northcliffe 736; in conspiracy to buy Daily Chronicle 737; quotes MacDonald 76, Seely 95, Lloyd George 179, 279, 292, 326, 378, 420, 446, 483–4, 513, 520, 547, 682, 694, 734, 770, Northcliffe 199, 241, Lady Lyttelton 223, Churchill 231, 412, 443–4, Long 386, Smuts 559, Beaverbrook 659

  Riezler, Kurt 10

  Rivers, William Halse R. 573, 783

  Roberts, Frederick Roberts, Field Marshal Earl 127–8

  Robertson, John 648–9

  Robertson, Field Marshal Sir William (‘Wullie’) 297; and Sir John French 129, 298; and Haig 194, 297, 299; as CIGS 399, 306; and need for conscription 306, 308, 324, 326, 328, 337; on the Easter Rising 360; his advice relied on by War Committee 395; and Kitchener 398; praises Lloyd George 399; and Lloyd George’s appointment as secretary of war 400–1, 402; and Somme offensive 408–9, 412, 421; and Lloyd George’s interference 402, 438, 439; refuses to go to Russia 439; contemptuous of Lansdowne’s paper on the war 440; on Asquith and the War Committee 447; clashes with Lloyd George 450, 486–7, 491, 503; furious at not being consulted about Nivelle plan 505–6; and the King 507; and the inefficient state of the Admiralty 512; and need for further recruitment 544, 546; considers disabled soldiers 554; and failure of Nivelle offensive 555; commits with Haig to Western campaign 556–7, 560; opposes Lloyd George’s ideas for Italian offensive 560–61; offers Derby his resignation 562–3; and Lloyd George’s attempts to force him out 563,565, 567; and French’s report 563–4; and the Supreme War Council 565; suspected of intriguing against Lloyd George 565, 566; and stories of German ‘corpse factory’ 571; on injustices of recruitment 580; and defence against German bombing raids 608–9; further clashes with Lloyd George over troop numbers 642; attacked by Northcliffe 643, 657, 658, 660, 664; Lloyd George wants to replace with Sir Henry Wilson 646, 647, 648, 657; dismayed by Haig’s political stupidity 647; falls out with Lloyd George at Supreme War Council meeting 669; refuses to work with the Council 670; forced out by Lloyd George 671–4, 675–6, 678, 692; Haig fails to support 677; and Maurice Letter 709, 710; postwar award 796; and mutiny of demobilised soldiers 802

  Robinson, Albert, Archdeacon of Surrey 177

  Robinson, Geoffrey see Dawson, Geoffrey

  Robinson, Lt William Leefe 430–31

  Rochdale: cotton workers 246–7

  Rodd, Sir James Rennell 20

  Romania 82, 139

  Roosevelt, Franklin D. 592

  Rootham, Cyril 266

  Rose, J. Holland 153

  Rosebery, Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of 71, 153, 477, 520, 524, 591, 592, 806

  Rossa, Jeremiah O’Donovan 346, 347

  Rothermere, Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount 319, 520, 661, 663, 704, 705, 768

  Rowlatt Act (1919) 818–19

  Royal Air Force 490, 502, 520, 567, 611, 704, 752

  Royal College of Music, London 95

  Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases 18, 339

  Royal Flying Corps (RFC) 318, 448, 559, 563, 567, 605, 606, 607, 608, 610, 704, 772

  Royal Fusiliers 101

  Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) 345, 351, 352, 364, 383, 685, 691, 693–4, 700, 817

  Royal Irish Rifles 101

  Royal Naval Air Service 18, 567, 666, 704

  Royal Naval Division 146–7, 170, 259

  Royal Navy 18, 27–8, 34, 42, 49, 62, 63, 72, 83, 93, 110, 137, 145, 148, 161, 174, 180–81, 270, 319, 320–22, 347–8, 443, 684, 729; and Geddes 511–12, 513, 642; losses 133, 137–8, 145, 160, 181, 338, 361, 396–7, 529; bombers 609; blockade of Germany 707, 720; and protection of fishing fleet 720

  Royal Scots 1/7th Leith Battalion 242

  Royal Welch Fusiliers 573

  Rubens, Paul: Your King and Your Country 103

  Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria 6

  Rugby School 418

  Rumbold, Sir Horace 7, 8, 14, 15, 19, 20, 30, 32, 33

  Runciman, Walter, President of the Board of Trade 123, 154, 176, 270, 271, 272, 280, 291, 306, 308, 451, 454–6, 463, 471, 472, 741, 748

  Russell, Bertrand vi, 78, 88, 92, 95, 105, 178, 265, 325, 335–6, 405–6, 422–4, 579–80, 640–41, 756, 777; Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy 641; Principles of Social Reconstruction 580

  Russell, Frank Russell, 2nd Earl 641

  Russia: and prewar negotiations 1–34 passim, 37, 39–44; mobilisation 45, 46, 50, 51, 52; and Austria and Germany 48, 49, 50, 52–3, 55–6, 57–9, 61; and France 53–4, 56–7; Germany declares war on 63, 68, 73; and Britain 68, 72, 74, 79, 81, 83, 87, 104, 397, 398, 445, 561, 576; and Battles of Tannenberg and Lemberg 139; and trade 164, 173, 187, 192, 493; and Turkey 182, 183, 193, 314; and German successes 222, 301; and British Labour Party 576, 577, 578, 585, 586, 592–3, 595, 749, 807, 708; signs armistice 581; Bolshevik coup and aftermath 592, 748–9, 799, 811; cocaine users 611; exits from war 598, 643, 645, 646, 721; debt to Britain 655, 786; Lloyd George plans war in 821, 823

  Russian Revolution 1, 159, 534, 5
36, 554, 555, 561, 578, 585, 587, 592, 595, 598, 629–30, 655, 702, 749, 807, 808

  Rutherford, William 781–2

  St Davids, John Philipps, 1st Viscount 117

  St Dunstan’s (charity) 621

  Salford 610

  Salisbury, James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of 380–81, 436, 446, 464, 521, 522, 634, 662, 692–3

  Salmond, Major General John 704

  Salonica 295, 399, 438, 450, 487, 503, 555, 647, 711, 728

  Samuel, Herbert 68, 149, 150, 183, 236, 365, 374, 405, 406, 429, 472, 477–8, 611, 616, 617, 726, 727, 734, 741, 772

  Sanatogen 112

  Sandwich, George Montagu, 9th Earl of 618

  Santayana, George vi, 178, 580

  ‘Sapper’ (H. C. McNeile) 262–3; The Lieutenant and Others 263

  Sarajevo 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 23, 25, 78, 824

  Sasonov, Sergei, Russian foreign minister 26, 31, 33, 37, 43, 44, 45, 48

  Sassoon, Sir Philip 682

  Sassoon, Siegfried 262, 414, 425, 572, 573–4, 758, 783; Finished with the War … 572–3; The Old Huntsman 651

  Saturday Post 355

  Sauberzweig, General Traugott Martin von 256

  Scarborough (1914) 160, 161, 162

  Schlieffen, Alfred von 47; Plan 47–8, 500

  Schoen, Baron Wilhelm von, German ambassador to France 40, 41, 52, 56–7, 77

  Schweppes 111

  Scott, C[harles] P[restwich] 35; urges government to keep out of any war 35; on Liberal Party 38, 100; and Churchill 85, 300, 513; on conscription 98, 308; on the war 98, 243; and Derby 303; and Fisher 321; on Lloyd George’s threatened resignation 326–7, 328; disgusted by ‘atmosphere of futile intrigue’ 328; on Ireland 342, 375, 686, 694, 773; on Casement 392; and Lloyd George 399, 401, 437, 468, 473, 513, 585, 646, 686, 741; and Churchill’s appointment to Munitions 518; and Henderson 578; opposed to appointments of Beaverbrook and Northcliffe 659; opposed to general election 741; quotes Lloyd George 36, 199, 231, 279, 280, 292, 294, 326, 398, 473, 519–20, 659, 694, Dillon 312, 369, 630, Asquith 322, Carson 371, T. P. O’Connor 377, Churchill 402, 409, 461, Henderson 764

  Scott, Kathleen 275–6

  Scott, Leslie 526

  Scott, Robert Falcon 113

  Scott-Gatty, Sir Alfred 591

  Seely, Jack 70, 95, 311, 447

  Selborne, William Palmer, 2nd Earl of 222, 378, 379, 380, 382, 524

  separation allowances 102, 122, 178–9, 180, 274, 285, 330, 364, 494, 554, 603, 718, 762

  Serbia/Serbs 7, 8, 10, 11, 12–13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19–21, 22–3, 24, 27, 29, 38–9, 42–3, 61, 74, 75, 82, 93, 186

  ‘servant problem’ 7, 246

  Shaw, George Bernard 103, 104, 263, 381, 554, 764; Common Sense about the War 104, 106; Pygmalion 103–4

  Shaw-Stewart, Patrick 261; ‘Achilles in the Trench’ 261

  Sheehan, Captain Daniel 689–90

  Sheehy-Skeffington, Francis 361, 362, 373, 374, 392

  Sheehy-Skeffington, Hanna 700–1

  Sheffield 203, 791

  ‘shell shock’ (neurasthenia) 191, 361, 573, 770, 781, 783

  Shells Committee 233

  Sheringham (1915) 162

  Sherriff, R. C. 95; Journey’s End 95

  Sherwood, Marcella 819

  Sherwood Foresters 360

  Shinwell, Emmanuel 809

  shipbuilding/shipyards 60, 165, 171–2, 173, 174, 204, 239, 283, 306, 312, 439, 454, 511, 512, 513, 529, 537, 546, 547, 598, 644, 653–4, 750, 807, 813; see also Clydeside workers

  shipowners 163

  Shortt, Edward 694, 697–9, 773, 805, 817–18

  Shove, Fredegond 406

  Shove, Gerald 406–7

  Sickert, Walter 105

  Silver Badge Party 767

  Silvertown, East London 540; factory explosion (1917) 235, 553–4

  Simon, Sir John, Attorney General 34, 35, 38, 61, 71, 72, 85, 236, 277, 280, 305, 306, 310–11, 312, 315, 330, 466, 772

  Sinha, Sir Satyendra P. 789

  Sinn Féin 127, 144, 342, 343, 344, 346, 350, 351, 355, 365, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 379–80, 381, 383, 390, 391, 392–3, 427, 429, 625–6, 629, 631, 632, 634, 635–6, 686, 687, 690, 692, 693, 694, 695–6, 697–8, 701, 761, 774, 816, 817, 818

  Sixte, Prince of Bourbon 556

  Smillie, Robert 270, 281, 426, 593

  Smith, Edith 285

  Smith, F. E. (later Lord Birkenhead) 64, 125, 134–6, 196, 208, 222, 278, 289, 293, 305, 327, 381–2, 420, 457, 462, 488, 517, 561, 595, 692, 787, 789, 790

  Smith, George Joseph 268

  Smith, Harold 135, 136

  Smith-Dorrien, General Sir Horace 185

  Smuts, Jan 502–3, 515, 517, 556, 559, 560, 566, 585, 676, 679, 681, 719

  Snowden, Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount 268, 270, 305, 325, 333–4, 478, 605, 720, 721, 749, 772

  Snowdon, Ernest 425

  Socialist Labour Party 166

  Socialist National Defence Committee 247–8

  Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Families Association 101–2

  Soloheadbeg murders 816

  Somme, Battle of the (1916) 262, 330, 382, 396, 403, 407–11, 412–18, 420, 421, 422, 425–6, 432, 433, 438, 439, 448–9, 450, 456, 457, 464, 487, 493, 507, 572, 681

  South Wales coalfields 206, 246, 270–72, 426, 463, 534, 552, 598–9, 654, 750, 808, 812

  Southampton 268, 752, 802

  Southend-on-Sea: bombing 215, 218, 559

  Spears, Edward 670, 709, 710–11

  Speck, Reverend Jocelyn Henry 257

  Spectator 397, 658

  Spee, Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von 160

  Spender, J. A. 81–2, 200, 450, 564, 565

  Speyer, Sir Edgar 112–13

  Speyer, James 113

  spies 114–15, 116, 117–18

  Spillers (milling company) 207

  Spindler, Karl 352

  spiritualism 418–19

  Sportsman, The 151–2

  Stamfordham, Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron 148; on Churchill 148; loses son 254; writes to Edith Cavell’s mother 258; congratulates Simon 315; urges Lloyd George not to resign 327; ‘not a brilliant person’ 327; on Asquith 399; and Duke of Albany 433; on King’s view of Lloyd George 474; initiates conference with the King 475; on the King wanting Carson as First Lord 484; hopes for handwritten report for the King 486; and Aitken’s peerage 489; warns Derby to be ‘watchful’ where Lloyd George is concerned 506; and Haig and Nivelle’s plan 506–7; and honours lists 521, 795, 796; and Tsar’s request for asylum 587, 588, 589, 590; and the King’s name change 591, 592; and East Enders’ demand for reprisals 610; receives letter on the King’s responsibility for Ireland 630; on Lloyd George’s dissatisfaction with Army leadership 670; and Lloyd George’s attempt to remove Robertson 671–2, 675; and Rothermere’s peerage 705; and Lloyd George’s failure to consult the King over Derby 708; angry at Lloyd George’s breach of manners 766

  Stanley, Sir Albert 488, 718

  Stanley, Edward Stanley, Lord 766

  Stanley, Venetia 44, 120–21, 144, 197–8, 200, 202, 205, 209, 212, 216, 224, 230, 244, 467, 488; Asquith’s letters to 44, 49, 61, 62, 69, 99–100, 102, 108, 112, 120, 126, 130, 131, 132, 138, 146, 147, 160, 171, 181–2, 185, 186, 188, 192, 196, 197, 199, 201–2, 208–9, 210, 212

  Stanton, Charles 286, 311, 423–4

  State Children’s Association 616

  Stead, W[illiam] T[homas] 418

  Steed, Henry Wickham 326, 822

  Stevenson, Frances 200, 391, 402, 403, 461, 476, 587, 658, 824; on Lloyd George 110, 284, 314, 323, 328, 391, 458, 460, 461, 463–4, 479, 514, 629, 716; on Churchill 147, 230–31, 514, 821; on the Archbishop of Canterbury 176; on Northcliffe 312, 438, 466, 514; on food shortages 451

  Stevenson, Sir James 594–5

  Stockholm: conference 355, 577, 578

  Stopes, Marie 614–15

  Stosch, Leonora von 112, 113

  Strachan, Sir Hew 87

  Strachey, John St Loe 397, 658, 665

  Strac
hey, Lytton 78, 105, 333, 406, 407; Eminent Victorians 333, 641

  Strauss, Richard 112

  Strutt, Emily 245

  suffragettes 103, 538, 623

  sugar trade 123, 164

  Sunday Independent 353

  Sunday Pictorial 93–4, 213

  Sunday Times 66

  Sunderland 752

  Supreme War Council 562–6 passim, 581, 646; at Versailles 669–70, 673, 674; in Paris 730, 732, 733

  Sussex (steamer) 338

  Sutherland, George 335

  Sutherland, George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of 97

  Sutherland, Sir William 595, 824

  Sweden 86, 194, 319; see also Stockholm

  Swettenham, Sir Frank 201

  Swinton, Major Ernest 137

  Sydenham of Combe, George Clarke, 1st Baron 319

  Talbot, Meriel 332, 548

  Tannenberg, Battle of (1914) 139

  Tawney, R. H. 415

  taxation 158–9, 168, 174, 271, 281, 286–7, 325, 430, 599, 600, 601, 655–6; on alcohol 158, 171, 172–4, 656; postwar 786–7, 823

  Taylor, A. J. P. 118, 467, 481, 758, 780

  Teck, Prince Adolphus, Duke of see Cambridge, Marquess of

  telephone news service 92

  Tennant, Jack 142, 143, 191, 334, 375, 376

  Terling, Essex 177

  Territorial Army 45, 85, 91, 102, 117, 123, 130, 134, 136, 140–41, 146, 273–4, 329, 544

  Territorial associations 100, 142

  Thaxted, Essex 266

  Thomas, Bert 665

  Thomas, David Alfred 534

  Thomas, Edward 262, 555; Poems 651

  Thomas, James Henry 620, 810–11

  Thompson, George 535–6

  Thomson, Basil 116, 586

  Tillett, Ben 610

  Tilley, Vesta 103

  Times, The: articles: on Franz Ferdinand’s death 6, 21; on ‘the servant problem’ 7; on Vienna 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 39; situation in Germany 21, 25; tells government to ignore Irish conference 21, 29; on scenes in Paris 38, 39, 49, 56; on peace in Europe 46; on the crisis 52; on German occupation of Belgium and France 54–5; praises ‘cool heads’ in Germany 60; brands gold-hoarders as wicked 62; on German advances 65; ‘the die is cast’ 69; calls for Kitchener to become secretary of war 71; on Europeans returning to the Continent 72; on appearance of King and Queen 78; prints History of the War 92, and Newbolt’s The Vigil 92–3; letter on harvesting game 97; on Haldane 99, 116–17, 187–8; on Leeds 102; on destruction of Reims cathedral 110; on arrest of aliens 111; on Prince Louis of Battenberg 114; on censorship 115; on German prisoners-of-war 118; on the retreat from Mons 135, 136; prints Binyon’s ‘For the Fallen’ 138; on Asquith 144, 146; on horse racing 153, 154; on the King’s Speech (1914) 157; on German raids 161, 162; on allowances for soldier’s wives 164–5; on Clydeside workers 165, 166, 221–2, 239; on children working 167; on Lloyd George’s alcohol policy 162; on female workers 175–6, 331; on unmarried mothers 176, 177; on illegitimate children 177–8; on the Press Bureau 191; on shipbuilding industry 204; on workmen 205; attacks Asquith’s Newcastle speech 207, 209, 210; attacked by Mrs Asquith 207–8; on conscription 212–13, 273, 278, 304–5, 324–5; on the sinking of the Lusitania 214; on rioting in London 218; on crucifixion of Canadian soldier 218; on internment of aliens 219; Repington’s article on shell shortage 220, 221; savages Churchill 225, 240; on those not in uniform 242; on ‘the Great War’ 250; publishes list of heirs to peerages killed 254; on Edith Cavell 257, 258; publishes Churchill’s appreciation of Rupert Brooke 259–60, and Brooke’s sonnets 260–61; on Jack’s The Return to the Front 264; on Parry’s Songs of Farewell 266; on the day’s casualty list 272–3; tries to remove Asquith 291, 302–3, 318, 390; on Carson’s departure 294; attacks Simon 315; praises Lloyd George’s speech 317; on recruitment in Ireland 343–4, 350; on the Easter Rising 365, 368; on Casement’s trial 382, 392; on the Battle of Jutland 397; on Milner 399–400; Russell’s claim to authorship of pamphlet against conscription 405; on casualties 410, 412, 413, 438; and Haig 415; Massingham’s letter on Russell 423; on ‘rounding up’ ‘shirkers’ 425; calls for Irish conscription 427; on grounded Zeppelin 431; on ‘Weak Methods–and Weak Men’ 463; leader on the War Council 470, 473, 481; and Lloyd George’s coup 477, 478, 479; on German peace overtures 491–2; on Lloyd George’s speech 497; on Dardanelles commission report 508; publishes Northcliffe’s letter turning down Air Ministry post 520; savages Lloyd George’s honours list 522; shrinks in size 529; on food rationing 530, 531; demands more men be sent to France 557; on lack of news from Western Front 558; on German ‘corpse factory’ 571; on Labour Party 579; and ‘Lansdowne Letter’ 583; on Wells’s letter 588; on workers’ unrest 597–8; on home defence 608; on prostitution 613; on juvenile delinquency 615–16; backs women barristers 621; calls for inquiry into Cambrai 643; on German offensive 645, 682; on ‘the pig question’ 648; on Sinn Féin 692; on Curzon 699; and Maurice 709; on strikes 718, 809; on ’flu epidemic 752, 753; on casualties 769; on Haig 771; on Edith Cavell’s funeral 781; quotes Hayes Fisher on procreation 784–5; publishes Baldwin’s letter on donating his money to the Treasury 788; on Lloyd George’s failure to promote new blood 789; on Ireland’s declaration of the republic 817; on Gandhi 819; attacked by Lloyd George 822; see also Northcliffe, 1st Viscount