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The Human Zoo: A Zoologist's Study of the Urban Animal

Page 24

by Desmond Morris


  Displacement activities: Tinbergen, 1961.

  Monkey prostitutes: Zuckerman, 1932.

  Feline display: Leyhausen, 1956.

  Sexual mimicry: Wickler, 1968.

  Status sex: Russell and Russell, 1961.

  Phallic symbols: Knight and Wright, 1957. Boullet, 1961.

  Maltese cross: Adams, 1870.

  Chapter four: in-groups and out-groups

  Aggression and War: Ardrey, 1961, 1966. Berkowitz, 1962. Carthy and Ebling, 1964. Lorenz, 1966. Richardson, 1960. Storr, 1968.

  Races of man: Broca, 1864. Coon, 1962, 1965. Montagu, 1945. Pickering, 1850. Smith, 1968.

  Racial conflict: Berelson and Steiner, 1964. Segal, 1966.

  Population levels: Fremlin, 1965.

  Chapter five: imprinting and mal-imprinting

  Imprinting in animals: Lorenz, 1935. Sluckin, 1965.

  Mal-imprinting in animals: Hediger, 1964, 1965 (zoo animals). Morris, 1964 (zoo animals). Scott, 1956,1958 (dogs). Scott and Fuller, 1965 (dogs). Whitman, 1919 (pigeons).

  Social isolation in monkeys: Harlow and Harlow, 1962.

  Human infant bonding: Ambrose, 1960. Brackbill and Thompson, 1967.

  Pair-bonding: Morris, 1967.

  Fetishism: Freeman, 1967. Hartwich, 1959.

  Homosexuality: Morris, 1952, 1954, 1955. Schutz, 1965. West, 1968.

  Pet-keeping: Morris and Morris, 1966.

  chapter six: the stimulus struggle

  Zoo animals: Appelman, 1960. Hediger, 1950. Inhelder, 1962. Lang, 1943. Lyall-Watson, 1963. Morris, 1962, 1964, 1966.

  Boredom and stress: Berlyne, 1960.

  Aesthetics: Morris, 1962.

  Bestiality: Kinsey et al, 1948, 1953.

  Super-normal stimuli: Morris, 1956. Tinbergen, 1951, 1953.

  Children’s drawings: Morris, 1962.

  Costume: Laver, 1950, 1952, 1963.

  Cut-off: Chance, 1962.

  chapter seven: the childlike adult

  Chimpanzee curiosity: Morris, 1962. Morris and Morris, 1966.

  Initiation ceremonies: Cohen, 1964.

  School rituals: Opie and Opie, 1959.

  Bibliography

  Adams, A. L., Notes of a Naturalist in the Nile Valley and Malta (Edmonston and Douglas, 1870)

  Ambrose, J. A., ‘The smiling response in early human infancy’ (Ph.D. Thesis, London University, 1960), pp. 1-660 Appelman, F. J., ‘Feeding of zoo animals by the public’, in Intertiat. Zoo Yearbook 2 (1960), pp. 94-5 Audrey, R., African Genesis (Atheneum, 1961)

  Ardrey, R., The Territorial Imperative (Atheneum, 1966) Bastock, M., D. Morris and M. Moynihan, ‘Somecomments on conflict and thwarting in animals’, in Behavior 6 (1953), pp. 66-84 Bataille, G., Eroticism (Calder, 1962)

  Beach, F. A., Sex and Behavior (Wiley, 1965)

  Berelson, B. and G. A. Steiner, Human Behavior (Harcourt, Brace and World, 1964)

  Berkowitz, L., Aggression (McGraw-Hill, 1962)

  Berlyne, D. E., Conflict, Arousal and Curiosity (McGraw-Hill, 1960)

  Boule, M. and H. V. Vallois, Fossil Men (Thames and Hudson, 1957)

  Boullet, J., Symbolisme Sexuel (Pauvert, 1961)

  Brackbill, Y. and G. G. Thompson, Behavior in Infancy and Early Childhood (Free Press, 1967)

  Broca, P., On the Phenomena of Hybridity in the Genus Homo (Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1864)

  Caine, M. The S-Man (Houghton-Mifflin, 1961)

  C Arthy , J. D. and F.J. Ebling, The Natural History of Aggression (Academic Press, 1964)

  Chance, M. R. A., ‘An interpretation of some agonistic postures; the role of cut-off acts and postures’, in Symp. Zool. Soc. London 8 (1962), pp. 71-89 Clark, G. and S. Piggott, Prehistoric Societies (Knopf, 1965) Cohen, Y. A., The Transition from Childhood to Adolescence (Aldine, 1965)

  Cole, S., The Neolithic Revolution (British Museum, 1959)

  Coon, C. S., The Origin of Races (Knopf, 1962)

  Coon, C. S. and E. Hunt, jr., The Living Races of Man (Knopf, 1965)

  Crawley, E., Dress, Drinks and Drums (Methuen, 1931)

  Ford, C. S. and F. A. Beach, Patterns of Sexual Behavior (Harper & Row, 1951)

  Freeman, G., The Undergrowth of Literature (Nelson, 1967) Fremlin, J. H., ‘How many people can the world support?’ in New Scientist 24 (1965), pp. 285-7 Hall, K. R. L. and I. Devore, ‘Baboon social behavior’, in Primate Behavior (Editor: I. DeVore) (Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1965)

  Harlow, H. H. and M. K. Harlow, ‘Social deprivation in monkeys’, in Sei. Amer. 207 (1962), pp. 136-46 Harlow, H. H. and M. K. Harlow, ‘The effect of rearing conditions on behavior’, in Bull. Menninger Clin. 26 (1962), pp. 213-24 Hartwich, A., Aberrations of Sexual Life (After the Psychopathia Sexualis of Kraft-Ebing) (Putnam, 1962)

  Hediger, H., trans. by Sircom, Wild Animals in Captivity (Peter Smith, 1964)

  Hediger, H., ‘Environmental factors influencing the reproduction of zoo animals’, in Sex and Behaviour (Editor: F. A. Beach) (Wiley, 1965)

  Inhelder, E., ‘Skizzen zu einer Verhaltenspathologie reactiver Störungen bei Tieren’, in Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 89 (1962), pp. 276-326

  Jennison, G., Animals for Show and Pleasure in Ancient Rome (Manchester University Press, 1937)

  Kinsey, A. C., W. B. Pomeroy and C. E. Martin, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (Saunders, 1948)

  Kinsey, A. C., W. B. Pomeroy, C. E. Martin and P. H.

  Gebhard, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (Saunders, 19S3) Knight, R. P. and T. Wright, Sexual Symbolism (Julian Press, 1957)

  Lang, E. M., ‘Eine ungewöhnliche Stereotype bei einem Lippenbaren’, in Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. 8$ (1943), pp. 477-81 Laver, J., Dress (Transatlantic, 1966)

  Laver, J., Clothes (Burke, 1952)

  Laver, J., Costume (Cassell, 1963)

  Leyhausen, P., Verhaltensstudien an Katzen (Parey, 1956)

  Lorenz, K., ‘Der Kumpan in der Umwelt des Vogels’, in J. f. Ornith. 83 (1935), PP- I37~2i3> 289-413 Lorenz, K., trans. by M. Wilson, On Aggression (Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966)

  Ly all-Wat son, M., ‘A critical re-examination of food “washing” behaviour in the raccoon’, in Proc. Zool. Soc. London 141 (1963), pp. 371-94

  Montagu, M. F. A., An Introduction to Physical Anthropology (Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1945)

  Morris, D., ‘Homosexuality in the ten-spined stickleback’, in Behaviour 4 (1952), pp. 233-61 Morris, D., ‘The reproductive behaviour of the zebra finch, with special reference to pseudofemale behaviour and displacement activities’, in Behaviour 6 (1954), pp. 271-322 Morris, D., ‘The causation of pseudofemale and pseudomale behaviour’, in Behaviour 8 (1955), pp. 46-57 Morris, D., ‘The function and causation of courtship ceremonies’, in Fondation Singer Polignac Colloque Internat. Sur L’Instinct., June, 1954 (1956), pp. 261-86 Morris, D., ‘The feather postures of birds and the problem of the origin of social signals’, in Behaviour 9 (1956), pp. 75-113 Morris, D., The Biology of Art (Knopf, 1962)

  Morris, D., ‘Occupational therapy for captive animals’, in Coll. Pap. Lab. Anim. Cent. 11 (1962), pp. 37-42

  Morris, D., ‘The response of animals to a restricted environment’, in Symp. Zool Soc. London 13 (1964), pp. 99-118

  Morris, D., ‘The rigidification of behaviour’, in Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B. 251 (1966), pp. 327-30

  Morris, D. (Editor), Primate Ethology (Aldine, 1967)

  Morris, D., The Naked Ape (McGraw-Hill, 1967)

  Morris, R. and D. Morris, Men and Snakes (McGraw-Hill, 1965) Morris, R. and D. Morris, Men and Apes (McGraw-Hill, 1966) Morris, R. and D. Morris, Men and Pandas (McGraw-Hill, 1967) Opie, I. and P. Opie, The Lore and Language of School-children (Oxford University Press, 1959)

  Packard, V., The Status Seekers (McKay, 1959)

  Pickering, C., The Races of Man (Bohn, 1850)

  Piggott S. (Editor), The Dawn of Civilization (McGraw-Hill, 1966)

  Piggott, S., Ancient Europe (Aldine, 1965)

  Read, C., The Origin of Man (Cambridge University Press, 1925) Richards
on, L. F., ed. by Wright, Quincy and Lienau, C. C., Statistics of Deadly Quarrels (Boxwood, 1960)

  Russell, C. and W. M. S. Russell, Human Behaviour (André Deutsch, 1961)

  Schutz, F., ‘Homosexualität und Prägung’, in Psychol. Forschung 28 (1965), pp. 439-63 Scott, J. P., ‘Critical periods in the development of social behaviour in puppies’, in Psychosom. Med. 20 (1958), pp. 45-54 Scott, J. P. andj. L. Fuller, Genetics and the Social Behaviour of the Dog (Chicago University Press, 1965)

  Segal, R., The Race War (Viking, 1966)

  Sluckin, W., Imprinting and Early Learning (Aldine, 1965) Smailes, A. E., The Geography of Towns (Hillary, 1953)

  Smith, A., The Body (Walker & Co., 1968)

  Stengel, E., Suicide and Attempted Suicide (Humanities, 1964) Storr, A., Human Aggression (Atheneum, 1968)

  Tax, S. (Editor), The Evolution of Man (Chicago University Press, 1960)

  Tinbergen, N., The Study of Instinct (Oxford University Press, 1951)

  Tinbergen, N., The Herring Gull’s World (Basic Books, 1961) Turner, E. S., All Heaven in a Rage (Michael Joseph, 1964) Washburn, S.L. (Editor), Social Life of Early Man (Aldine, 1961) Washburn, S. L. and I. Devore, ‘Social behaviour of baboons and early man’, in Social Life of Early Man (Editor: S. L. Washburn), (Aldine, 1961)

  West, D. J., Homosexuality (Aldine, 1968)

  Whitman, C. O., The Behaviour of Pigeons (Carnegie Institution, 1919)

  Wicki.br, W., ‘Socio-sexual signals and their intra-specific imitation among primates’, in Primate Ethology (Editor: D. Morris) (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967)

  Wickler, WMimicry in Plants and Animals (McGraw-Hill, 1968) Woddis, G. M., ‘Depression and crime’, in Brit. J. Delinquency (1957), PP- 85-94 Zeuner, F. E., A History of Domesticated Animals (Harper & Row, 1964)

  Zuckerman, S., The Social Life of Monkeys and Apes (Kegan Paul, 1932)

  Born in Wiltshire, England, in 1928, Desmond Morris received his initial degree in zoology from Birmingham University and his doctorate from Oxford. In 1959 he became curator of mammals at the London Zoo, a post he held for eight years.

  In 1967, having already written some fifty scientific papers and seven books, he completed his now famous The Naked Ape, which has sold over ten million copies throughout the world and was translated into almost every known language. The Human Zoo and Intimate Behaviour, the books that followed it in The Naked Ape Trilogy, likewise have sold millions of copies in dozens of languages across the globe.

  Morris is also well known for his many television programs and films on human and animal behavior, and his accessible, hands-on approach make him popular with both adults and children. He is the author of over thirty books, including The Human Animal and Bodytalk: A World Guide to Gestures. He lives in Oxford, England.

  Table of Contents

  Contents

  Preface

  Acknowledgments

  Introduction

  CHAPTER ONE: Tribes and Super-tribes

  CHAPTER TWO: Status and Super-status

  CHAPTER THREE: Sex and Super-sex

  CHAPTER FOUR: In-groups and Out-groups

  CHAPTER FIVE: Imprinting and Mal-imprinting

  CHAPTER SIX: The Stimulus Struggle

  CHAPTER SEVEN: The Childlike Adult

  Appendix: Literature

  Bibliography

 

 

 


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