Southern Storm: Sherman's March to the Sea

by Noah Andre Trudeau

  Irwinton, Ga., 223, 252–53

  Isondiga, C.S.S., 496

  Izard’s plantation, 420, 484, 486

  Jackson’s Ferry, Ga., 229, 230–31, 232

  Jackson, Ga., 105; November 17 fight, 114–15

  Jackson, Nathaniel J., 377–9

  Jackson, Oscar L., 315–16

  Jacksonboro, Ga., 349

  Jasper County, Ga., 16, 115

  Jasper Springs, 512

  Jenks’ Bridge, 359, 365–66, 373, 374

  Jerry (slave), 319

  Johnson, Bushrod R., 480

  Johnson, Herschel V., 283

  Johnston, Joseph E., 5, 34, 181

  Jones Sr., Charles Colcock, 449

  Jones, Joseph B. (plantation), 311, 314

  Jones, Mary Jones, 449–50

  Jones, Samuel, 280, 391, 454, 468

  Jones, Theodore, 429, 430, 433

  Jones, Wells S., 426, 429–30

  Jonesboro, Ga., 63–64, 94; November 15 fight, 83–84

  Jordan, Lee, 144, 154

  Jordan, Reverend, 184

  Jordan, Thomas J., 341

  Kelly, Rufus, 180

  Kentucky troops (C.S.): mounted infantry (Orphan Brigade, 80, 84, 93, 101, 217), (4th Regiment, 217)

  Kentucky troops (U.S.): cavalry (2nd Regiment, 94, 248–49, 276, 340–41), (3rd Regiment, 94, 164, 340), (5th Regiment, 84, 108, 196, 198, 309, 340, 342)

  Kerr, Charles D., 383

  Kilbourne, Julius B., 263

  Kilkenny Bluff, 443

  Kilpatrick, Hugh Judson, 63, 165, 222, 249, 346, 356–57, 421; ambushed, 150, 286–87; campaign thoughts, 70, 164, 526; cavalry reviewed by Sherman, 64, 218, 515; command decisions, 152, 177, 286, 320; described, 348; discipline, 103; diversionary operations, 115, 125, 164, 226–27, 307–9, 356; Fort McAllister, 408–9, 418, 424, 443–44; Griswoldville, 177–78; Liberty County, 449–51; loses hat to enemy, 286–87, 291; Lovejoy’s Station fight, 94; Macon attack, 166–68; Millen rescue mission, 226–27, 262–63, 278; personal combat, 286, 339; picked by Sherman, 50; praised by Sherman, 314, 528; Reynolds’s plantation fight, 287–91; seeks permission for terror retaliation, 226, 314–15; Waynesboro fight, 314, 334–44

  King’s Bridge, 376, 384–85, 390, 397, 408, 417, 421–22, 445, 446, 463, 465, 470, 481–82

  King, Davis (Spence), 101

  King, T. G., 215

  Kingston, Ga., 59

  Kirby, Colonel, 253

  “L.F.J.,” 258, 261, 273

  Ladd, Frederick S., 159, 362

  Lamar, Caro, 20, 505

  Langford, William Bedford, 212

  Langley, James W., 297

  Lawson, P. A., 112

  Le Sage, John B., 245

  Ledyard, Edwin, 399–400

  Lee’s Mill, Ga., 100

  Lee, Custis, 12–13

  Lee, Robert E., 3, 10, 95, 189, 330, 443, 457, 480, 528

  Liberty County, Union foraging, 449–51, 482

  Lincoln, Abraham, 40–41, 140, 359–60, 467, 508, 521

  Lithonia, Ga., 21, 96, 97, 99–100, 108, 109

  Little Ogeechee River, 423–24, 430, 480

  Little Ohoopee River, 282

  Little River, 161n, 184

  live oaks, 374, 423, 448, 493

  Lockhart, William James, 282

  Lockner Creek, 372; December 9 incident, 380–83

  Locust Grove, Ga., 107

  Logan, John A., 462

  Lonergan, Jonathan, 317

  Long Bridge, 246

  Louisiana Military Seminary, 25

  Louisiana troops: band (20th Regiment, 7).

  Louisville, Ga., 270, 273, 275, 280, 283, 291, 302, 303, 529, 539; destruction of, 284–85, 297

  Lovejoy’s Station, Ga., 6, 84; November 16 fight, 94

  Lufburrow, Matthew, 351

  Lumpkin’s Station, Ga., 334

  Lunt, Dolly Sumner. See Burge, Dolly Sumner Lunt

  Macon and Western Railroad, 14, 16, 80, 84, 108

  Macon Daily Telegraph, 112, 129, 215

  Macon, C.S.S., 371, 414–16

  Macon, Ga., 3–5, 9, 16, 95, 103, 112, 142, 157, 188; Cobb defense, 84–85, 112, 194; Hardee defense, 142–43, 178–79; November 20 fight (Dunlap’s Hill), 164–68; Sherman bypasses, 70; Taylor defense, 193–94, 198, 199

  Madison, Ga., 15–16, 112, 140–41, 144, 145, 154–55

  Maguire, Thomas, 111

  Mallard, Robert Quarterman, 450

  Mallory, Mr., 314

  Mallory, Rollin, 158

  Manley, Emma, 105

  Mann, James N., wounded, 211

  March to the Sea, Altamaha River operation, 463, 469–70, 477, 482; animal incidents, 132, 155–56, 271, 327, 356, 364; animal requisition, 54, 357–58; authorized destruction, 53, 85, 92, 136–37, 144, 154, 155, 157, 160–61, 169, 186, 220, 253, 260, 271, 349–50, 385, 529–30, 532–33, 539–40; campaign assessments, 526–28; cattle herd, 51–52, 111, 127, 156, 267, 297, 412–13; civilian experiences, 82, 97, 99, 105–6, 109, 115–17, 126, 131, 140, 141, 145, 149, 171, 219, 243, 248, 258–60, 273, 287, 294, 304–5, 310, 312, 355, 365; communication by rocket, 149; cotton destroyed, 101, 108, 110, 114, 140, 145, 154, 160–61, 174, 219, 253, 270; cotton not destroyed, 225; forage liberally, 52–53, 108, 136–37; grass fires, 350; Hinesville operation, 465, 470, 477; maps, 56, 149, 229, 272, 418; march discipline, 79, 131, 351; marching orders, 50–52, 100, 102, 117, 163, 223–24; marching pace, 79, 82, 83, 91–92, 97, 101, 111, 117, 132–33, 138, 154, 156, 163, 169–71, 172, 174, 175, 251, 267, 282, 295–96, 312, 327, 333, 348–50, 363–64, 369–70; morale/mail, 465–66, 470; obstructed roads, 349, 355, 362, 364, 367, 372; oysters, 513; popular impressions, 535–38; pioneers, 55–56, 120, 223, 226, 283, 295, 312, 333, 349, 351, 355, 367, 370, 371, 374, 421, 481, 532; plan precedents and orders, 47–57; rape, 243; ration scarcity, 406, 412–13, 441, 448, 452, 465; rice making by soldiers, 452; straggling/stragglers, 82, 88, 117, 142, 147, 159–60, 173, 186, 254, 283, 334; swamps, 154, 190, 217, 224, 244, 246, 249, 251, 267, 283, 284, 285, 295, 296, 304, 312, 317, 333, 339, 347, 349, 355–56, 363, 364, 366, 378–80, 386, 394, 397–98; torpedoes, 129, 387–88, 426, 428, 434–35, 448, 456; total war designation, 534–38; unauthorized destruction, 82, 98–99, 109, 140, 176, 310, 364; use of African-Americans, 54–55, 531–32; wagon train, 50–51, 77, 79, 83, 90, 91, 97, 100–102, 107, 117, 121, 138–39, 149, 154, 170–71, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179–80, 193, 219, 226, 234, 270, 332–33, 349, 358, 363, 373; weather planning, 57–58; wing commanders, 48–49

  “Marching Through Georgia” (song), 536–38

  Marietta, Ga., 60

  Markland, A. H., 467

  Marshall, Matt, 171

  Martin, James, 79

  Martin, James S., 430, 438

  Massachusetts troops: band (33rd Regiment, 88); infantry (2nd Regiment, 92, 261, 325, 380, 406, 453, 468, 484–85), (33rd Regiment, 92), (54th Colored Regiment, 299)

  Massey, R. J., 178, 236

  Maybank plantation, 449

  McAdoo, William G., 130

  McAllister, Joseph L., 417, 423

  McCaskey, William S., 500

  McCauley, C. M. T., 380

  McClintock, James M., 132, 425, 432, 438

  McClure, A. K., 360

  McCoy, James, 118

  McDonough, Ga., 100

  McKinley, Guy, 219

  McKinley, William, 184, 219

  McLaws, Lafayette, 143, 328, 330–31, 365, 400, 493

  McLeans, J. C., 215

  McSweeny, Captain, 358

  Meade, George Gordon, 49

  Medway River, 443

  Mendel, W. H., 493

  Mercer, Hugh W., 400

  Merritt, Nehemiah, 440

  Michigan troops: artillery (1st Artillery, Battery B, 202, 204–5); cavalry (9th Regiment, 159, 286, 335, 336–37, 362); engineers and mechanics (1st Regiment, 56, 92, 108, 246, 316, 420, 463); infantry (19th Regiment, 110, 175, 326, 350), (21st Regiment, 441)

  Middleton house, 426, 429, 440, 443

  Midway Church, 469, 47
7

  Mill Creek, 332, 367

  Milledgeville, Ga., 17–18, 112, 113, 228, 161; destruction of, 219, 220–23, 235, 242; Confederate reoccupation, 243–44, 254; evacuation, 129–30; mock legislative session, 222–23; Union occupation, 181–85, 220–23, 224–27, 233–36

  Milledgeville Hotel, 184

  Millen, Ga. (CRR No. 8), 18–19, 251, 275, 293; destruction, 326; Union occupation, 315–16

  Miller, Jerry J., 93

  Miller, John A., 160

  Mills, Thomas J., 426

  Minnesota troops: artillery (Light Artillery, 1st Battery, 68, 101, 224, 351, 414, 417n); infantry (2nd Regiment, 111, 183, 235, 382), (4th Regiment, 123, 138, 405–6)

  Missouri troops: artillery (1st Artillery, 385); engineers (1st Regiment, 56, 79–80, 123, 131, 155–56, 253, 264, 317, 366, 408, 421); infantry (6th Regiment, 429), (23rd Regiment, 284), mounted infantry (29th Regiment, 84, 115, 122)

  Mobile, Ala, 34, 191, 301

  Monteith Swamp, December 9 fight, 377–80

  Montevideo plantation, 449

  Montgomery, Ala, 8–9, 352

  Monticello, Ga., 132, 139, 148–49

  Moore, John, 100

  Moore, Joseph, 245, 283

  Morgan, James D., 186, 285

  Morse, W. H., 414–15

  Mountain Springs Church, 196

  Mower, Joseph A., 386, 463, 469

  Moye, J. C., 281

  Murder Creek, 172, 176–77

  Murray, Eli H., 288, 340–42

  National Tribune, 273n

  Nashville, Tenn., December 15–16 battle, 461–63

  Neal, John, 69

  Nelson, George, 439

  Nemaha (revenue cutter), 444

  Nesbit, Dr., 176

  New Hope Church, 280

  New Jersey troops: infantry (13th Regiment, 98, 171, 220, 257, 484), (35th Regiment, 350)

  New York Herald, 33, 76–77, 109, 134, 136, 140, 142, 150, 153, 164, 171, 286, 336, 339

  New York Post, 306

  New York Times, 34, 45

  New York troops: artillery (1st Artillery, 415–16, 479); infantry (17th Regiment, 234–15, 257, 465), (102nd Regiment, 495, 496, 498), (107th Regiment, 133–34, 184, 485), (123rd Regiment, 325, 377–78, 406, 532), (134th Regiment, 159–60, 420), (137th Regiment, 282, 498), (149th Regiment, 111, 183–84), (150th Regiment, 133, 394–95, 485)

  Newborn, Ga., 142, 147, 152

  Nichols, George, 305, 306, 439, 440; torpedoes, 388

  North Carolina troops, infantry (Baker’s Brigade, 493), (10th Battalion, 380)

  Norton, Samuel E., 338, 342, 347

  Oakey, Daniel, 51

  Ocmulgee River, 115, 116, 122, 129, 131, 132, 138–39, 142, 148–49, 155–56, 164

  Oconee, Ga. (CRR No. 14), 267

  Oconee River, 140, 144, 154, 159–60, 184, 189, 219, 233, 235, 254, 267; defense, 143, 165, 180, 191–92, 216–18, 219–20, 224, 227–28, 229–32, 241, 251–55, 255–56, 264–65

  Ogeechee Creek, 323, 330, 350–52

  Ogeechee River, 273, 309, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 318, 322, 323, 324, 331–2, 347, 352, 354, 358–59, 364, 365, 374, 376, 384, 389, 390, 397, 401–2, 408, 417, 418, 445, 455, 465, 475, 482, 501. See also Fort McAllister, December 13 assault

  Ogeechee Shoals, 248–49

  Ohio troops: cavalry (5th Regiment, 288, 339, 342), (9th Regiment, 336–37, 362), (10th Regiment, 79, 102, 165–68, 336–38, 342); infantry (5th Regiment, 75, 176), (21st Regiment, 311), (29th Regiment, 133, 245, 334, 470, 488, 499), (30th Regiment, 179, 264, 429, 434, 435), (31st Regiment, 134), (32nd Regiment, 219, 224, 316), (38th Regiment, 441), (39th Regiment, 413, 441), (43rd Regiment, 316), (46th Regiment, 198, 202), (47th Regiment, 193, 267, 317, 385, 426, 431, 436, 437, 439, 470), (52nd Regiment, 298), (53rd Regiment, 324), (54th Regiment, 426), (57th Regiment, 252), (61st Regiment, 175, 379), (63rd Regiment, 315–16, 326, 405), (66th Regiment, 512), (68th Regiment, 331, 452), (70th Regiment, 332, 429, 431, 435, 436, 437, 439), (74th Regiment, 441), (81st Regiment, 253, 267, 385), (89th Regiment, 284), (94th Regiment, 97), (105th Regiment, 134, 135, 284, 448, 470, 532), (113th Regiment, 146, 235, 257)

  Old Bay, 332

  Old Savannah Road, 316

  Oliver, Ga. (CRR No. 4 1/2), 323; December 4 probe, 330–31

  Oliver, John M., 366–67, 384–85, 429

  Olmsted, Frederick Law, 21

  Opelika, Ga., 8

  O’Reilly, Thomas, 86

  Orme, Mrs. Richard McAllister, 18, 220–21

  Ossabaw Sound, 423, 442, 444, 445, 446, 455, 471, 498, 501

  Osterhaus, Peter J., 69, 102, 115, 157; Ball’s Ferry fight, 252–53; described, 195–96; Griswoldville fight, 195–201, 212

  Oxford, Ga., 15, 134, 137

  Palmetto, Ga., 5–8

  Parks Mill, 154, 159–60

  Parry, Augustus C., 436

  Pennsylvania troops: artillery (Battery E, 500); cavalry (9th Regiment, 94, 150, 196, 198, 249, 340–41, 449); infantry (28th Regiment, 133, 326), (79th Regiment, 311, 452), (111th Regiment, 92, 140), (147th Regiment, 441, 470, 470, 514)

  Pennyworth Island, 485

  Philadelphia Inquirer, 262, 286, 517

  Philadelphia, U.S.S., 411

  Philips, Henry L., 431

  Philips, Pleasant J., 197, 199, 200, 202–3, 203–4, 205–6, 208–9, 210–11, 213–15

  Phillips Academy, 221

  pioneers. See March to the Sea

  Pitts Chapel, 179

  Pitts, John W., 147

  Planter’s Factory, 115, 122, 129; described, 124–25; destroyed, 149–50, 155

  Plumb, William, 207

  Poe, Orlando M., 511, 538; Atlanta destruction, 60, 62, 67, 77, 86; Buffalo Creek, 244–47; described, 55–57; Eatonton Factory destruction, 161

  pontoons, 43, 55–56, 120–21, 123, 127, 131, 135–36, 139, 184, 193, 245–47, 264–65, 283, 303, 305, 317, 327, 365–66, 370–71, 383–84, 417, 468–69, 479–80, 485–86, 497; described, 120–21; importance, 538. See also bridges

  Pooler, Ga. (CRR No. 1), 331, 389

  Port Royal, S.C., 231, 410–11, 466

  Post, S. V. W., 88

  Potter, John, 325

  Potts, Benjamin F., 219, 481

  Price, John M., 483–84

  Prior, Felix W., 368

  prisoners, 35–36, 148–49, 157, 236, 395–96, 489–90

  Puckett, Aunt Winnie, 109

  Pulaski House, 504

  Pulaski Monument, 512

  Quillin, Martha Amada, 98–99

  Quimby, George W., 442; mission to contact fleet, 390–91, 401–2, 410–12

  Quincy Daily Whig & Republican, 516

  railroads, destruction, 92, 100, 108, 119, 125, 133, 141, 144, 168, 171, 191, 192, 220, 223, 251–52, 259, 264, 270, 271, 278, 281, 296–97, 303, 310, 316, 324, 384–85, 394, 449, 463, 469–70, 477, 482, 532–33; intelligence gathering, 232–33; Sherman’s orders, 226; trains captured, 385–86, 506

  Rains, George Washington, 250

  rape. See March to the Sea Red Legs (tugboat), 501–3

  Reese, Chauncey B., 397, 417

  Reese, Louise, 17, 149, 174–75

  Reese, Tabitha, 17

  Reid, George W., 133–34

  Resolute, C.S.S., 414–16, 448–49, 476, 479

  Reynolds plantation, November 28 fight, 287–91

  Reynolds, J. A., 500

  Rice, Elliott W., 365–66

  Riceboro, Ga., 477

  Richmond, Va., 3, 5, 13, 67, 94–95, 228–29, 268, 353–54

  Richmond Dispatch, 94

  Richmond Examiner, 67, 228–29

  Richmond Sentinel, 228, 353

  Richmond Whig, 229

  Robertson, Felix H., 288

  Robinson, James S., 378

  Robinson, Mrs. Philip, 160

  Rocky Comfort Creek, 284

  Rocky Creek, 294, 309, 313; December 2 fight, 319–20

  Roe, Lewis F., 270

  Rome, Ga., 59

  Romney Marsh, 501

  Rose Dhu Island Battery, 424, 44
2

  Rosemary Creek, 327

  Ross, Levi, 302–3

  Rough and Ready, Ga., November 15 fight, 80

  Rutledge, Ga., 133

  Salkehatchie River, 516

  Sample, Sue, 304–5, 312–13

  Sampson, C.S.S., 414–16

  Sandersville, Ga., 241, 259–62, 529, 539; November 25 fight, 247; November 26 fight, 256–59

  Savannah and Gulf Railroad, 384–5, 449, 463, 482, 506, 533

  Savannah Campaign, development and evolution, 33–58

  Savannah, C.S.S., 480, 496, 500, 503

  Savannah Morning News, 499

  Savannah-Ogeechee Canal, 385, 390; December 9 fight, 374

  Savannah Republican, 499

  Savannah River, 16, 354–55, 356, 359, 361, 370, 371, 374, 391–92, 394–95, 400, 406, 407, 419, 441, 453–54, 476

  Savannah, Ga., 19–20, 280, 351, 353, 409; Beauregard considers expendable, 375, 454–55; defenses, 65, 143, 365, 377, 400, 409; evacuation, 487–97; evacuation planning, 468–69, 479–80, 485–86; evacuation pontoon, 486, 494, 497–8; Hardee surrender response, 473–75; material captured, 506; Sherman surrender demand, 471–72; siege conditions, 405, 478, 489–90; Southern response to surrender, 511; surrendered, 496–7; threatened, 65; Union occupation, 498–521; Union siege operations, 405–7, 412–14, 420–21, 448–49, 452–53, 463–65, 470–71, 478, 483–84, 490–91

  Savannah River Squadron, 480, 491, 496

  Scarboro (CRR No. 7), 313, 317, 322, 323, 324, 331

  Schofield, John M., 300

  Scott, Mrs., 118

  Screven’s Ferry, 503

  Scudder, Jotham, 282

  Scull’s Creek, 317

  Sebastopol, Ga. (CRR No. 10), 255, 302, 303

  Seddon, James, 280

  Selfridge, James L., 378–80

  Shady Dale, Ga., 142, 153, 162

  Sherfy, William H., 426

  Sherman, Charles Celestine, 518

  Sherman, Ellen Ewing, 24, 25, 466, 518

  Sherman, William Ewing (Willy), 23–24, 518

  Sherman, William Tecumseh: African-American interaction, 99–100, 118, 136, 173, 186–7, 320–21, 518–21; antipathy toward England, 517–18; Atlanta, 69, 77–8, 87–8, 90–91; briefs soldiers on campaign, 71; called insane, 25; campaign assessment, 547–8; campaign planning, 538–40; cavalry management, 275–76; civilian interaction, 147–78, 176–77, 237, 248, 261–62, 373; collective responsibility, 29, 226, 246; command decisions, 186, 225–26, 262, 292–93, 307–9, 314–15, 321–22, 323, 330, 351–52, 357–58, 365, 408, 418–19, 442–43, 445–47, 456, 466, 471, 475–77, 480–85, 544–46; command style, 118–19; considers options, 99, 142, 185–86, 225–26; Dahlgren relationship, 446–47, 455–56, 482; death of sons, 23–24, 518; December 10 incident, 398–99; described, 25–26, 295, 328; destiny, 31; expels Atlanta civilians, 35; fears social disruption, 29–30; forage liberally incident, 136–37; foraging (approves), 41, 43, 147; foraging (disapproves), 27; Fort McAllister, 397, 407, 417, 421–39; Foster relationship, 444–47, 476, 480–81, 486–87; free press, 30, 274, 373; Georgia political machinations, 37; Grant relationship, 40, 447, 456–61, 475, 544; hard war, 31; idealized vision of America, 28–29; Kilpatrick relationship, 226–27, 314, 358, 528; leadership qualities, 26–27; learns of Savannah surrender, 502; limits POW exchange, 35–36; Louisiana Military