A Renegade History of the United States

by Thaddeus Russell

  Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1927.

  Gilfoyle, Timothy J. City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790–1920. New York: W. W. Norton, 1992.

  Gilje, Paul A. Liberty on the Waterfront: American Maritime Culture in the Age of Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylania Press, 2004.

  Godbeer, Richard. Sexual Revolution in Early America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

  Horsmanden, Daniel. The New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741: Daniel Horsmanden’s Journal of the Proceedings with Related Documents. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004.

  Kann, Mark E. Punishment, Prisons and Patriarchy: Liberty and Power in the Early American Republic. New York: NYU Press, 2005.

  Kross, Jessica. “The Sociology of Drinking in the Middle Colonies.” Pennsylvania History 64: 1 (January 1997): 28–55.

  Lender, Mark Edward and James Kirby Martin. Drinking In America: A History. New York: Free Press, 1982.

  Linebaugh, Peter and Marcus Rediker. The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Boston: Beacon Press, 2000.

  Lint, Gregg L. and James C. Taylor. Papers of John Adams. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008.

  Locke, John. Some Thoughts Concerning Education. 1693.

  Lyons, Clare A. Sex Among the Rabble: An Intimate History of Gender and Power in the Age of Revolution, Philadelphia 1730–1830. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

  ———. “Mapping an Atlantic Sexual Culture: Homoeroticism in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia.” William and Mary Quarterly 60 (2003): 119–54.

  Morgan, Edmund S. The Birth of the Republic, 1763–1789. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

  ———. “The Puritan Ethic and the American Revolution.” William and Mary Quarterly 24 (1967): 3–43.

  Rorabaugh, W. J. The Alcoholic Republic: An American Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

  Salinger, Sharon V. Taverns and Drinking in Early America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

  Thompson, Peter. Rum Punch and Revolution: Taverngoing and Public Life in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.

  Warren–Adams Letters. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2008.

  Wulf, Karin. Not All Wives: Women of Colonial Philadelphia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000.

  CHAPTER 2

  Historians have long debated the meanings of the WPA slave narratives. Some have called into question the veracity of the narratives since most of the ex-slaves interviewed were quite old and had been children at the time of emancipation. And because a majority of the ex-slaves were interviewed by white government employees in the South during segregation, some scholars have also claimed that the informants were constrained by the inherent power relations in the encounters and told their interviewers “what they wanted to hear” rather than their true feelings. Of course, it is impossible to ascertain what was “really” in the minds of the ex-slaves who were interviewed, and it is certainly possible that some engaged in self-censorship, but the available evidence makes it difficult to discount the claim that a large percentage of the interviewees did in fact hold positive views of their time as slaves and of the black experience in slavery generally. First, though most were children during slavery, roughly one quarter of the interviewees had reached adolescence or adulthood before emancipation, including many of those quoted in this chapter. And even those who were small children as slaves knew many others—including parents and siblings—who were adult slaves. Second, according to Paul Escott’s tabulation, 59.5 percent of the ex-slaves questioned by black interviewers—who presumably did not hold the same implicit power as their white colleagues—expressed either a “favorable” or “very favorable” attitude toward their masters.

  Block, Sharon. Rape and Sexual Power in Early America. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

  Camp, Stephanie M. H. Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women and Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

  Clinton, Catherine. The Plantation Mistress: Woman’s World in the Old South. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982.

  Cockrell, Dale. Demons of Disorder: Early Blackface Minstrels and Their World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

  D’Emilio, John and Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

  David, Paul A., et al, eds. Reckoning with Slavery: A Critical Study in the Quantitative History of American Negro Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

  Escott, Paul D. Slavery Remembered: A Record of Twentieth-Century Slave Narratives. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1979.

  Fogel, Robert William and Stanley L. Engerman. Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.

  Genovese, Eugene D. Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.

  Glenn, Myra C. Campaigns Against Corporal Punishment: Prisoners, Sailors, Women, and Children in Antebellum America. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1984.

  Gutman, Herbert. Slavery and the Numbers Game: A Critique of Time on the Cross. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975.

  Kaye, Anthony E. “The Personality of Power: The Ideology of Slaves in the Natchez District and the Delta of Mississippi, 1830–1865.” PhD diss., Columbia University, 1999.

  Lane, Horace. The Wandering Boy, Careless Sailor, and Result of Inconsideration: A True Narrative. Skaneateles, NY: L. A. Pratt, 1839.

  Lhamon, W. T. Raising Cain: Blackface Performance from Jim Crow to Hip Hop. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.

  Lott, Eric. Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

  Nathan, Hans. Dan Emmett and the Rise of Early Negro Minstrelsy. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.

  Olmsted, Frederick Law. Journey in the Seaboard Slave States. New York: Dix & Edwards, 1856.

  Pleck, Elizabeth H. Domestic Tyranny: The Making of American Social Policy Against Family Violence from Colonial Times to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

  Rawick, George P. The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Pub. Co., 1972.

  Rodgers, Daniel T. The Work Ethic in Industrial America, 1850–1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.

  Roediger, David R. The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. New York: Verso, 1991.

  Rothman, David J. The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.

  Stevenson, Brenda E. Life in Black and White: Family and Community in the Slave South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

  Walters, Ronald G. The Antislavery Appeal: American Abolitionism After 1830. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.

  White, Shane and Graham White. Stylin’: African American Expressive Culture from Its Beginnings to the Zoot Suit. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.

  Wood, Peter H. “ ‘Gimme de Kneebone Bent’: African Body Language and the Evolution of American Dance Forms.” In The Black Tradition in Modern American Dance, edited by Gerald E. Myers. American Dance Festival, 1988.

  CHAPTER 3

  Billman, Carol. “McGuffey’s Readers and Alger’s Fiction: The Gospel of Virtue According to Popular Children’s Literature.” Journal of Popular Culture 11 (1977): 614–619.

  Brown, H. E. John Freeman and His Family. Boston: American Tract Society, 1864.

  Burns, Eric. The Spirits of America: a Social History of Alcohol. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004.

  Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. New York, Miller, Orton & Mul
ligan: 1855.

  DuBois, W. E. Burghardt. Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880. New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1935.

  ———. The Gift of Black Folk: The Negroes in the Making of America. Boston: The Stratford Co., 1924.

  Elson, Ruth Miller. Guardians of Tradition: American Schoolbooks of the Nineteenth Century. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1964.

  Fisk, Clinton Bowen. Plain Counsels for Freedmen: In Sixteen Brief Lectures. Boston: American Tract Society, 1866.

  Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

  Franke, Katherine. “Becoming a Citizen: Reconstruction Era Regulation of African American Marriages.” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 11 (1999): 251–309.

  Gaines, Kevin Kelly. Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

  Gilfoyle, Timothy J. City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790–1920. New York: W. W. Norton, 1994.

  Gutman, Herbert George. Work, Culture, and Society in Industrializing America: Essays in American Working-Class and Social History. New York: Knopf, 1976.

  Hartman, Saidiya V. Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

  McGarry, Molly. “Spectral Sexualities: Nineteenth-Century Spiritualism, Moral Panics, and the Making of U. S. Obscenity Law.” Journal of Women’s History 12 (2000): 8–29.

  Nasaw, David. Going Out: The Rise and Fall of Public Amusements. New York: Basic Books, 1993.

  Powell, Lawrence N. New Masters: Northern Planters During the Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Fordham University Press, 1998.

  Rodgers, Daniel T. The Work Ethic in Industrial America, 1850–1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.

  ———. “Socializing Middle-Class Children: Institutions, Fables, and Work Values in Nineteenth-Century America.” In Growing Up in America: Children in Historical Perspective, edited by N. Ray Hiner and Joseph M. Hawes, 119–132. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.

  Roediger, David R. and Philip S. Foner. Our Own Time: A History of American Labor and the Working Day. New York: Verso, 1989.

  Stevens, Thaddeus. Speech delivered in the House of Representatives, March 19, 1867, on the Bill (H.R. No. 20) Relative to Damages to Loyal Men, and for Other Purposes.

  CHAPTER 4

  Bellocq, E. J. Storyville Portraits. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1970.

  Blackburn, George M. and Sherman L. Ricards. “The Prostitutes and Gamblers of Virginia City, Nevada, 1870.” Pacific Historical Review (1979): 239–258.

  Butler, Anne M. Daughters of Joy, Sisters of Misery: Prostitutes in the American West, 1865–90. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.

  Chicago Vice Commission. The Social Evil in Chicago; a Study of Existing Conditions With Recommendations By the Vice Commission of Chicago: A Municipal Body Appointed By the Mayor and the City Council of the City of Chicago, and Submitted as Its Report to the Mayor and City Council of Chicago. Chicago: Gunthorp-Warren printing company, 1911.

  Enss, Chris. Pistol Packin’ Madams: True Stories of Notorious Women of the Old West. Guilford, Conn.: TwoDot, 2006.

  Epstein, Dena J. Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: Black Folk Music to the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977.

  Erenberg, Lewis A. Steppin’ Out: New York City Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture, 1890–1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

  ———. Swingin’ The Dream: Big Band Jazz and The Rebirth of American Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

  Gabbert, Ann R. “Prostitution and Moral Reform in the Borderlands: El Paso, 1890–1920.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 12 (2003): 575–604.

  Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1898.

  Goldman, Marion S. Gold Diggers and Silver Miners: Prostitution and Social Life on the Comstock Lode. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981.

  Hobson, Barbara Meil. Uneasy Virtue: The Politics of Prostitution and the American Reform Tradition. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

  Kenney, William Howland. Jazz on the River. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

  MacKell, Jan. Brothels, Bordellos and Bad Girls: Prostitution in Colorado, 1860–1930. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004.

  McGovern, James R. “The American Woman’s Pre-World War I Freedom in Manners and Morals.” The Journal of American History 55 (1968): 315–333.

  Mumford , Kevin J. Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and New York in the Early Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

  Nye, Russel B. “Saturday Night at the Paradise Ballroom: Or, Dance Halls in the Twenties.” The Journal of Popular Culture 7 (1973): 14–22.

  Peiss, Kathy. Hope in a Jar: The Making of America’s Beauty Culture. New York: Metropolitan Books, 1999.

  Petrik, Paula. No Step Backward: Women and Family on the Rocky Mountain Mining Frontier, Helena Montana, 1865–1900. Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 1990.

  Rosen, Ruth. The Lost Sisterhood: Prostitution in America, 1900–1918. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.

  Seagraves, Anne. Soiled Doves: Prostitution in the Early West. Hayden, Idaho: Wesanne Publications, 1994.

  Tone, Andrea. Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America. New York: Hill and Wang, 2002.

  West, Elliott. The Saloon on the Rocky Mountain Mining Frontier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991.

  White, Richard. “It’s your misfortune and none of my own”: A New History of the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.

  Wild, Mark. Street Meeting: Multiethnic Neighborhoods in Early Twentieth-Century Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

  CHAPTER 5

  Bailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1967.

  Bobrick, Benson. Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1997.

  Daniels, Bruce C. Puritans at Play: Leisure and Recreation in Colonial New England. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1996.

  Dempsey, Jack, ed. New English Canaan: Text, Notes, Biography and Criticism. Scituate, Mass.: Digital Screening, 1999.

  Ewing, George. The Military Journal of George Ewing, 1775–1778. Yonkers, N.Y.: 1928.

  Keller, Kate Van Winkle. Dance and Its Music in America, 1528–1789. Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, 2007.

  Stearns, Marshall and Jean. Jazz Dance: The Story Of American Vernacular Dance. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994.

  Stubbes, Phillip. The Anatomie of Abuses. 1836.

  Wagner, Ann. Adversaries of Dance: From the Puritans to the Present. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.

  CHAPTER 6

  Almeida, Linda Dowling. Irish Immigrants in New York City, 1945–1995. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.

  Anbinder, Tyler. Five Points: The 19th-Century New York City Neighborhood that Invented Tap Dance, Stole Elections, and Became the World’s Most Notorious Slum. New York: Free Press, 2001.

  Asbury, Herbert. The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld. New York: Vintage Books, 2008.

  Bayor, Ronald H. and Timothy J. Meagher, eds. The New York Irish. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

  Beddoe, John. The Races of Britain: A Contribution to the Anthropology of Western Europe. Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith, 1885.

  Benshoff, Harry M. and Sean Griffin. America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality at the Movies. Malden: B
lackwell Publishing, 2004.

  Boyer, Paul. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820–1920. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

  Braham, David and Edward Harrigan. Collected Songs. Madison: A-R Editions, Inc., 1997.

  Brennan, Helen. The Story of Irish Dance. Dingle, Ireland: Brandon Books, 1999.

  Cassidy, Daniel. How the Irish Invented Slang: The Secret Language of the Crossroads. Oakland, Calif.: AK Press, 2007.

  Cipolla, Frank J. “Patrick S. Gilmore: The Boston Years.” American Music 6, no. 3 (1988): 281–292.

  Cullen, Frank, Florence Hackman, and Donald McNeilly. Vaudeville, Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America. New York: Routledge, 2007.

  Curtis, L. Perry, Jr. Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1971.

  Gorn, Elliott J. “ ‘Good-Bye Boys, I Die a True American’: Homicide, Nativism, and Working-Class Culture in Antebellum New York City.” Journal of American History 74 (1987): 388–410.

  Grant, Madison. The Passing of the Great Race: or, The Racial Basis of European History. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1921.

  Harris, Leslie M. In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

  Higham, John. Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1955.

  Horton, James Oliver and Lois E. Horton. Black Bostonians: Family Life and Community Struggle in the Antebellum North. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1979.

  Ignatiev, Noel. How the Irish Became White. New York: Routledge, 1995.

  Knobel, Dale T. Paddy and the Republic: Ethnicity and Nationality in Antebellum America. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1986.

  Lee, J. J. and Marion R. Casey, eds. Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 2006.

  Lhamon, W. T. Raising Cain: Blackface Performance from Jim Crow to Hip Hop. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

  Linebaugh, Peter and Marcus Rediker. The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Boston: Beacon Press, 2000.