“Well, the whole fact . . . never free from that”: Ibid.
“negative voices about science . . . willing to go without”: JBC to George Kistiakowsky, June 23, 1972, CFP.
“The natural tendency . . . all things are sold”: JBC, On Understanding Science, xii–xiii.
“cool Yankee . . .”: George Kistiakowsky, “James B. Conant: Chemist and Statesman of Science,” James Bryant Conant: A Remembrance,” memorial address, April 4, 1978, CFP.
“Never again . . .”: Louis S. Auchincloss to GRC, February 14, 1978, CFP.
“to say that he was the last . . . The Conant Vacancy”: NYT, February 14, 1978. Also Frank Keppel, “Mr. Conant’s Influence on Education,” James Bryant Conant: A Remembrance,” memorial address, April 4, 1978, CFP.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
* * *
BOOKS
Acheson, Dean. Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department. New York: W. W. Norton, 1969.
Alperovitz, Gar. Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam. Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Books, 1985.
———. The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb. New York: Random House, 1995.
Amster, Jeanne Ellen. “Meritocracy Ascendant: James Bryant Conant and Cultivation of Talent.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 1990.
Amory, Cleveland. The Proper Bostonians. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1947.
Bacher, Robert F. Robert Oppenheimer, 1904–1967. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos Historical Society, 1999.
Badash, Lawrence, Joseph O. Hirschfelder, and Herbert P. Broida. Reminiscences of Los Alamos, 1943–1945. Boston: Reidel, 1980.
Balogh, Brian. Chain Reaction: Expert Debate and Public Participation in American Commercial Nuclear Power, 1945–1975. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Baxter, James Phinney, III. Scientists Against Time. Boston: Little, Brown, 1947.
Bell, Millicent. Marquand: An American Life. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.
Bernstein, Barton J., ed. The Atomic Bomb: The Critical Issues. Boston: Little, Brown, 1976.
Bethell, John T. Harvard Observed: An Illustrated History of the University in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Biebel, Charles DeWayne. “Politics, Pedagogues and Statesmanship: James B. Conant and the Public Schools, 1933–1948.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 1971; Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 1971.
Bohlen, Charles E. Witness to History, 1929–1969. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973.
Boyer, Paul. By the Bomb’s Early Light. New York: Pantheon, 1985.
Bradford, Gov. William. Bradford’s History “Of Plimouth Plantation.” Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, 2008.
Brophy, Leo P., and George J. B. Fisher. United States Army in World War II: The Technical Services. The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1989.
Bundy, McGeorge. Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years. New York: Random House, 1988.
Bush, Vannevar. Science—The Endless Frontier. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1945.
———. Pieces of the Action. New York: William Morrow, 1970.
Byrnes, James F. Speaking Frankly. New York: Harper, 1947.
———. All in One Lifetime. New York: Harper, 1958.
Carr, Virginia Spencer. Dos Passos: A Life. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1984.
Caute, David. The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1978.
Childs, Herbert. An American Genius: The Life of Ernest Orlando Lawrence. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1968.
Compton, Arthur H. Atomic Quest: A Personal Narrative. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.
Conant, James B. Our Fighting Faith: Five Addresses. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942.
———. On Understanding Science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1947.
———. Education in a Divided World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1948.
———. Science and Common Sense. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1951.
———. Modern Science and Modern Man. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952.
———. Germany and Freedom: A Personal Appraisal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958.
———. Slums and Suburbs. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.
———. My Several Lives: Memoirs of a Social Inventor. New York: Harper, 1970.
Dallek, Robert. Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
———. The Lost Peace: Leadership in a Time of Horror and Hope, 1945–1953. New York: Harper, 2010.
Davis, Nuel Pharr. Lawrence and Oppenheimer. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968.
Delgado, James P. Nuclear Dawn: The Atomic Bomb from the Manhattan Project to the Cold War. New York: Osprey, 2009.
Diamond, Sigmund. Compromised Campus: The Collaboration of Universities with the Intelligence Community. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Douglass, Paul F. Six upon the World: Toward an American Culture for an Industrial Age. Boston: Little, Brown, 1954.
Faith, Thomas Ian. “Under a Green Sea: The U.S. Chemical Warfare Service 1917–1929.” PhD diss., George Washington University, 2008; Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 2008.
———. Behind the Gas Mask: The U.S. Chemical Warfare Service in War and Peace. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012.
Fermi, Laura. Atoms in the Family. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954.
Fries, Amos A., and Clarence J. West. Chemical Warfare: History of the US Army’s Development and Use of Poison Gas Weapons in World War One. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1921.
Gaddis, John Lewis. Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
General Electric Company, National Lamp Works. The National in the World War, April 6, 1917–November 11, 1918. Cleveland: General Electric Co., 1920.
Gilpin, Robert. American Scientists and Nuclear Weapons Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962.
Giovanitti, Len, and Fred Freed. The Decision to Drop the Bomb: A Political History. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965.
Goodchild, Peter. J. Robert Oppenheimer: Shatterer of Worlds. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
Groves, Leslie M. Now It Can Be Told. New York: Da Capo Press, 1962.
Haber, L. F. The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Ham, Paul. Hiroshima, Nagasaki: The Real Story of the Atomic Bombings and Their Aftermath. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2014.
Harris, Seymour E. Economics of Harvard. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
Herken, Gregg. The Winning Weapon: The Atomic Bomb in the Cold War, 1945–1950. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980.
Hershberg, James G. “Ends vs. Means: James B. Conant and American Atomic Policy 1939–1947.” BA thesis, History Department, Harvard University, 1982.
———. “James B. Conant, Nuclear Weapons and the Cold War, 1945–1950.” PhD diss., Tufts University, 1989.
———. James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.
Hewlett, Richard G., and Oscar E. Anderson, Jr. The New World: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Vol. I, 1939–1946. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962.
Hewlett, Richard G., and Francis Duncan. Atomic Shield: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Vol. II, 1947–1952. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1969.
Hill, Nancy Peterson. A Very Private Public Citizen: The Life of Grenville Clark. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2014.
Hubbard, William. A General History of New England, from the Discovery to MDCLXXX, 1848. Boston: Arno Press, 1972.
Isaacson, Walter
, and Evan Thomas. The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.
Karabel, Jerome. The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.
Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. Making Harvard Modern: The Rise of America’s University. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Kennan, George F. Memoirs, 1925–1950. Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.
Kevles, Daniel J. The Physicists. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978.
Kisatsky, Deborah. The United States and the European Right: 1945–1955. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005.
Kunetka, James W. City of Fire: Los Alamos and the Birth of the Atomic Age, 1943–1945. Rev. ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979.
Lamont, Lansing. Day of Trinity. New York: Atheneum, 1965.
Lanouette, William, with Bela Szilard. Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1992.
Lemann, Nicholas. The Big Test: The Secret History of the American Meritocracy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999.
Lilienthal, David E. The Journals of David E. Lilienthal: The Atomic Energy Years, 1945–1950. New York: Harper, 1964.
Malloy, Sean L. Atomic Tragedy: Henry L. Stimson and the Decision to Use the Bomb Against Japan. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010.
Manchester, William, and Paul Reid. The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill, Defender of the Realm, 1940–1965. New York: Little, Brown, 2012.
Marbury, William L. In the Catbird Seat. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 1988.
Marquand, John P. The Late George Apley. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1936.
———. H. M. Pulham, Esquire. Boston: Little, Brown, 1941.
McCormick, John. George Santayana: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987.
McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.
Menand, Louis. American Studies. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002.
Mertins, Louis. Robert Frost: Life and Talks-Walking. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.
Messer, Robert L. The End of an Alliance: James F. Byrnes, Roosevelt, Truman, and the Origins of the Cold War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.
———. The Making of a Cold Warrior: James F. Byrnes and American-Soviet Relations, 1945–1946. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.
Michelmore, Peter. The Swift Years: The Robert Oppenheimer Story. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1969.
Miscamble, Wilson D. George F. Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, 1947–1950. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.
———. The Most Controversial Decision: Truman, the Atomic Bombs, and the Defeat of Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Monk, Ray. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center. New York: Doubleday, 2012.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936.
Morrison, Philip. Nothing Is Too Wonderful to Be True. Woodbury, NY: American Institute of Physics Press, 1995.
Nichols, K. D. The Road to Trinity. New York: William Morrow, 1987.
Norris, Robert S. Racing for the Bomb: General Leslie R. Groves, the Manhattan Project’s Indispensable Man. South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 2002.
Norwood, Stephen H. The Third Reich in the Ivory Tower: Complicity and Conflict on American Campuses. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Olson, Lynne. Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America’s Fight over World War II, 1939–1941. New York: Random House, 2013.
Polenberg, Richard, ed. In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: The Security Clearance Hearing. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Powers, Thomas. Heisenberg’s War: The Secret History of the German Bomb. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.
Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.
Rich, Willard. Brain Waves and Death. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1940.
Rigden, John S. Rabi, Scientist and Citizen. New York: Basic Books, 1987.
Sanders, Jerry W. Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment. Boston: South End Press, 1983.
Santayana, George. The Last Puritan: A Memoir in the Form of a Novel. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949; repr. ed., New York: Da Capo Press, 1988.
———. A Life in the Twentieth Century: Innocent Beginnings, 1917–1950. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
Shand-Tucci, Douglass. Built in Boston: City and Suburb, 1800–1950. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.
———. Ashmont: An Historical Guide to Peabody Square, Carruth’s Hill, and Ashmont Hill and the Architecture of Edwin J. Lewis, Jr. and John A. Fox. Dorchester, MA: Dorchester Historical Society, 1991.
Sherwin, Martin J. A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and the Origins of the Arms Race. New York: Vintage, 1987.
Shipton, Clifford K. Roger Conant: A Founder of Massachusetts. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1944.
Shirer, William L. Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1941.
Smith, Alice Kimball. A Peril and a Hope: The Scientists’ Movement in America, 1945–47. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1965.
Smith, Alice Kimball, and Charles Weiner, eds. Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Smith, Jean Edward. Eisenhower: In War and Peace. New York: Random House, 2012.
Smith, Richard Norton. The Harvard Century: The Making of a University to a Nation. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.
Steel, Ronald. Walter Lippmann and the American Century. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.
Stern, Philip M. The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial. New York: Harper, 1969.
Stimson, Henry L., and McGeorge Bundy. On Active Service in Peace and War. New York: Harper, 1947.
Teller, Edward, with Judith Shoolery. Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century Journey in Science and Politics. Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2001.
Truman, Harry S. Memoirs. Vol 1, Year of Decisions. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1955.
———. Memoirs. Vol 2, Years of Trial and Hope, 1946–1952. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956.
Tucker, Jonathan B. War of Nerves: Chemical Warfare from World War I to Al-Qaeda. New York: Pantheon, 2006.
Tuttle, William M., Jr. “James B. Conant, Pressure Groups, and the National Defense, 1933–1945.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 1967; Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 1970.
Vilensky, Joel A. Dew of Death: The Story of Lewisite, America’s World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005.
Waitt, Brigadier General Alden H. Gas Warfare: Smoke, Flame, and Gas in Modern War. Washington, DC: Infantry Journal, 1944.
Warner, Sam Bass, Jr. Province of Reason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
Yeomans, Henry Aaron. Abbott Lawrence Lowell 1856–1943. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.
York, Herbert F. The Advisors: Oppenheimer, Teller, and the Superbomb. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1976.
Zachary, Pascal G. Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush, Engineer of the American Century. New York: Free Press, 1997.
MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS
Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley: Ernest O. Lawrence Papers; Alfred Loomis Interview Transcript.
Carnegie Corporation of New York Records. Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
Conant Family Papers, Hanover, NH: Books, diaries, letters, journals, scrapbooks, and photographs of the members of the Thayer, Richards, and Conant families; also many of James B. Conant’s personal pape
rs and correspondence; private collection entrusted to Jennet Conant.
Dartmouth College Library, Hanover, NH: Grenville Clark Papers.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, KS: Eisenhower’s Prepresidential Papers and Presidential Papers; John Foster Dulles Papers; Gordon Gray Papers.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library, Hyde Park, NY: President’s Personal File; Harry Hopkins Papers; President’s Secretary File.
General Records of the Department of State, 1763–2002, RG59, National Archives.
Harvard University Archives, Pusey Library: James B. Conant Personal Papers, Diaries, Speeches, and Presidential Papers; Theodore William Richards Papers.
Harvard University Law School, Langdell Library: Felix Frankfurter Papers.
Library of Congress: Joseph Alsop Papers; Vannevar Bush Papers; Archibald MacLeish Papers; J. Robert Oppenheimer Papers.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA: Vannevar Bush Papers; Karl T. Compton Papers.
Princeton University, Mudd Library: Bernard M. Baruch Papers; Harold Dodds Papers; John Foster Dulles Papers; James Forrestal Papers; David E. Lilienthal Papers.
Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 1896–2008, RG65, National Archives.
Records of Leslie R. Groves, RG200, National Archives.
Records of the Manhattan Engineering District (MED), RG77, National Archives.
Records of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), RG227, National Archives.
Records of the National Science Foundation, RG307, National Archives.
Records of the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD): Bush-Conant files; James B. Conant, “A History of the Development of the Bomb,” RG227, National Archives.
Records of the Research and Development Board, RG330, National Archives.
Records of the Secretary of War, RG107, National Archives.
Records of the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), RG326, National Archives.
Records of the US High Commissioner for Germany, Washington National Records Center, Suitland, MD, RG466.
Records of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, RG218, National Archives.
Tufts University, Medford, MA: Vannevar Bush Papers; Edward R. Murrow Papers.
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