cloth trade 184, 233, 251, 456
clothing manufacturers 399, 403
Clotworthy, Sir John 501
clubmen 286, 384, 385, 413–21, 426
demonstrations by 418–19, 420–21
leaders of 414, 419, 424, 425
as a local force 413, 418, 461, 462, 463
numbers of 414, 415
as parliamentarian 414, 418, 421
as a political movement 411, 415, 419–21
as royalist 286, 413, 414, 418, 421
clubmen manifestos 415–18, 420
coat and conduct money 87, 99
codes of conduct 395–6
catechisms for soldiers 373, 460
See also atrocities; honour; war, laws of
coinage, debasement of 184
Coke, Sir John 97
Colby Moor, battle of, 1645 385
Colchester, siege of, 1648 428, 541, 543, 545–8
Fairfax at 541, 546–8
surrender 547, 549–50; execution of royalist commanders 547–8
women/children, attempted evacuation 545
Colepeper, Sir John 119, 126, 147, 189, 193, 228, 329, 467
Comenius (Jan Komensky) 157, 454, 455
Commissions of Array (royalist) 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 219–20, 232
Commissions of the Peace 212, 213–14
See also legal system
Committee for the Army (Commons) 350
Committee of Both Houses for the Advance of Money 254
Committee of Both Kingdoms 324, 327, 336, 346, 374, 378, 473
powers transferred to, from Committee of Safety 324; taken back 496, 501, 524
Scottish influence 349, 524
Committee for the Fens (Commons) 234
Committee for Irish Affairs 473, 493
Committee for Plundered Ministers 276
Committee for Privilege (Commons) 61, 118
Committee of Religion 277
Committee of Safety 181, 194, 198–9, 251, 271
function 271
powers transferred to Committee of Both Kingdoms 324; taken back 496, 501, 524; known as Derby House Committee 524, 535, 542
Common Council of the City of London 178, 179–80, 181, 254, 263–4, 275
elections to 178, 179, 566
New Model Army and 501–2
as Presbyterian 481
Commons, House of 224
on Arminianism 71
clerk of 119
defence of the kingdom, committee on 182–3
function 513
influence/importance, increase in 183
Large Petition to, 1647 487–8, 489, 493, 503
in Long Parliament 118–19, 125, 126, 130, 131–2, 160, 171, 182–3, 186, 234–5, 248; New Model Army demand purge of eleven corrupt members, 1647 497, 498, 501–3;
impeachment articles issued 498–9;
members readmitted 554; as legislating independently 549, 586; indictment against C 568
Lords, relations with 131, 183, 186, 192–3, 248
membership 90; See also individual members
Prayer Book, refusal to defend 186
in Short Parliament 91, 92
See also Parliament; Lords, House of
commonwealth concept 60–61
communications 59, 251, 266
Compton, Henry 265
Con, George 73
Confederated Catholics (Ireland) 304–5, 306, 309, 470, 472
C, petition to, 1642 305
Glamorgan and 348, 469
in Irish rebellion 469–71, 486, 530
Kilkenny assembly 304, 305
Netherlands, commercial treaty with, 1648 563
royalists, aid to 469–70
Rinuccini (Papal Nuncio) and 470, 503
Supreme Council 470
Congregationalism 311, 341, 343
conscience, freedom of 106–7, 109, 440, 442, 514
See also individual freedom
constitutional change 225–6, 257–9, 557
concerns over 228, 258
deposition of the king 257, 451, 474
New Model Army debates on see Putney debates
popular demand for 148–9, 188–9, 257–8
Convocations of the clergy 95, 97, 119
Conyers, Sir John 186
Cook, John 571, 576
corantos (news pamphlets) 51
Corbett, John 66
Corbett, Miles 381
Corfe Castle 289
Cornish Trained Bands 267
Cornwall 153, 214, 216, 221, 230, 319, 245, 405, 462, 532, 542
atrocities by Cornish people 332
Essex in, 1644 331–2
ethnic stereotype of Cornish people 319
royalist supporters 222, 223, 252, 319, 384
royalist troops 251, 331–2
Cory, John 404
Cottingham, Sir Francis, Chancellor of the Exchequer 278
Council of the North 84
the court 52–3, 182, 185
Catholics/Catholic practices 73, 94, 103, 120, 142, 148–9, 348
entertainment 63; masques 278, 388, 527, 580
influence of 52, 53
Covenant 34, 36, 104, 143, 154
acceptance of/support for 36, 37
contents/purpose 34–6
King’s Covenant as alternative 38
See also Solemn League and Covenant
Covenant with God (proposed) 268
Covenanter army
England (north), invasion of 3–6;
Newcastle, occupation of 4, 5–6, 112;
in second campaign 104–5, 106;
English troops, clashes with 4, 39, 87–8, 104–5
funding 311; under treaty of Ripon 106, 113
in Ireland 305–6
Montrose’s victories against 386
parliamentarians, support for 294, 296, 304, 309–13, 314, 322, 324, 325–6, 335–6
return to Scotland 473–4
at Tippermuir, 1644 335
See also Engagers
Covenanters
beliefs/goals xxiii, xxiv, 3, 5, 15, 309–10
C and 38; his negotiations for alliance with 471, 472, 473, 509, 518, 520–25, 527, 536; the Engagement, 1647 522–5, 529
C’s opinion of xxiv, 36, 89, 90–91; his proclamation condemning 5, 6, 108
C’s surrender to, Southwell, May 1646 388, 465
Civil War and 250; pressure on alliance 455; after C’s surrender 471–2; See also Solemn League and Covenant
Commissioners of, in London 124
Cromwell, distrust of 350
English public opinion on 4–5, 79, 82–3, 86–7, 88, 89, 103–4, 117; See also opposition to and support for below
growth of 6, 12, 18, 30, 31–3
leaders 87
Louis XII, letter to, requesting support 89, 90–91
National Covenant see Covenant
negotiations with 123–4, 158
opposition to, in Scotland 82–3, 88, 104
Presbyterian settlement, call for 471–2
propaganda by 4–5, 77, 107, 108
as the Supplicants 28–30, 31–3
support for, in England 105, 112, 124, 154, 210; in Scotland 87, 111–12, 141, 492
the Tables and 33–4, 36, 111
tensions among 104, 141
as traitors 90–91
Treaty of Ripon and 105–6, 112, 113
See also Prayer Book rebellion
Covent Garden, London 587
Coventry 222
Crawford, Major-General Lawrence 346
Cromwell, Oliver 298, 375, 385, 450, 464, 549
on The Agreement of the People 514–15
background 229–30, 405
as cavalry commander 264, 289, 321, 330, 533
character 230, 351, 372, 592
on C’s trial 568; regret for his death 578;
as possible executioner 580
Commons, report to, 1645 350
Covenanter’s distrust of 350
images
of 587, 589
impeachment of attempted 350, 518
income/wealth 405; pension from Winchester’s estate 477
Manchester and 347, 350, 503
at Marston Moor 330, 347, 409
monarchy, defence of 510, 514–15, 562
as an MP 182–3, 230, 324, 350–51, 371, 510; attacks on, in Parliament 489
at Naseby 372, 376, 377–8, 439; his letter on 379
New Model Army and 493, 494, 561–2
at Newbury 333
No Addresses vote, support for 524
in northern England/Scotland, 1648 544, 556, 562
in Oxford 374
at Preston 544–5
at Putney debates 514–15, 516
John Pym and 230
relationship with other commanders 346–7, 350
religious beliefs 230, 346, 439, 518
Self-Denial proposals, 1644 350–51
Self-Denying Ordinance, exemption from 370, 372
in Wales, 1648 539
Cropredy Bridge engagement, 1644 328
Culpeper, Sir Cheney 19–20, 404–5, 468
Samuel Hartlib, correspondence with 294, 457
Scottish Presbyterians, denouncing of 344, 347
Cumberland 57
Cumberland, Earl of 220
Cumbernauld band 104, 141
customs revenues 133, 403
tonnage and poundage 133–4, 140
See also finance/revenues
D’Ewes, Simonds 145, 177, 187, 280, 291, 308, 337
A damnable treason by Contagious Plaster of a plague sore 160–61, 174, 174
Davenport, John 69
Davenport, William 232
Davies, Lady Eleanor 410
de Montreuil, Jean 472
the dead, burial of 391
dearth orders 59, 61
death rates see mortality rates
Declaration of the Army, 1647 492, 497, 498, 507
deer hunting 235
demonstrations see public disorder
Denbigh, William Feilding, 1st Earl 372, 425, 564
Denmark, royalist support from 252, 316
deposition of kings 257, 451, 474
See also constitutional change; radicalism
Derby, Charlotte Stanley, Countess of 265, 408
Derby, James Stanley, Lord Strange, 7th Earl 216–17, 223, 265
in exile on Isle of Man 265, 286
Derby House Committee 524, 535, 542
See also Committee of Safety
Derbyshire 197–8, 207, 219, 233, 254, 422–3, 483
forest jurisdictions 419
as parliamentarian 251, 265
tin mining 233
Dering, Sir Edward 130, 131, 147, 171, 172
Commons, expulsion from 196
on Grand Remonstrance 195
on Irish Cessation 306–7
his Prayer Book petition 205
as a royalist 228, 306–7
his speeches 195–6; burning of 279, 460
Descartes, René 453
deserters 248, 332, 372
Devil, belief in 431, 432, 433, 434
Devon 99, 100, 152, 215, 216, 232, 236–7, 405, 542
mortality rate 395
Protestantism 232, 252, 264
public disorder 532
royalist supporters/troops 232, 252, 264, 333
Dickson, David 28
Digby, Lord George (later 2nd Earl of Bristol) 130, 182, 298
influence/importance 353
in Ireland 470
as a royalist 228, 229, 284, 353
Prince Rupert and 229, 347–8
Directory of Worship 523
opposition to 468, 531, 533
as replacement for Prayer Book 343, 354, 482
Discourse between a Resolved and Doubtful Englishman 257–8
A discoverie of Six women preachers 409
A Discovery of 29 Sects here in London 149
disease
death from 394–6
as God’s judgement 357
as a political metaphor 207–8, 356–7
See also plague(s)
divorce 343
John Milton on 341, 342, 409, 585, 587
Doddington, Sir Francis 318
Donnington Castle, siege of, 1644 334
Dorchester 62–3, 200
Dorset 100, 215, 216, 318
clubmen in 413–19, 421
Dorset, Edward Sackville, 4th Earl 228, 250
Dort, Synod of, 1618 19
Dover Castle 215
Dowsing, William 313–14, 347, 406, 428, 429–30, 433, 434
Drake, Richard 102
drums/drumming, significance of 93–4, 103, 420, 422, 497
Dublin 166, 470
English troops in, under Michael Jones 530
English troops garrisoned in 305, 486
surrender to Parliament, 1646 471
Dublin Castle 166
See also Ireland
Dundee 375
Dunfermline, Charles Seton, 2nd Earl 495
Dungan’s Hill (Ireland), battle of, 1647 530
Dury, John 157, 454, 455
Earle, Walter 139
East Anglia 222, 230, 489
as parliamentarian 222, 268, 403
witch trials 428, 429, 431–2, 433, 453
See also Cambridgeshire; Norfolk; Suffolk
Eastern Association (parliamentarian) 254, 268, 313–14, 321, 333, 346, 347, 349, 370, 374, 473
Edgehill, battle of 1642 241–7, 245, 253
casualties 246, 247
C at 246; his demand for surrender 246
effects of 247–61; in London 254–5
medical help 246, 247
pamphlets on 248, 255–6
peace negotiations following 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 256–7, 259–61
supernatural phenomena seen after 255–6
Edinburgh 37
C in, 1633 27, 475; 1641 158, 168
Prayer Book disturbances 28–30, 29, 31
See also Scotland
Edinburgh, Treaty of, 1560 12
Edinburgh Castle 89
Edlyn, William 235
education 54, 61, 79, 458
classical 54–5
Comenius on 454, 455
Samuel Hartlib’s interest in 454, 455, 457
importance of 157, 454
John Milton on 341–2, 343
Edward VI 19
Edward the Confessor 475
Edwards, Thomas 151, 345, 369, 379, 445–8, 463, 464, 534, 551
Antapologia 340, 346, 445–6
Katherine Chidley and 410, 445
God’s FURY, England’s FIRE Page 103
