God’s FURY, England’s FIRE
Page 107
Presbyterianism as anti-monarchical 467
popular support for 474–5, 527
Monck, George 530
monopolies 47, 67–8, 71, 119, 458
Monro, Robert 3-5-6, 307, 308, 469–70
monsters/monstrous births 202–3, 205–7, 504–6
See also providentialism; supernatural phenomena; wonders
Montagu, William 207
Montague, Richard, Bishop of Chichester: New Gagg for an Old Goose 48
Montrose, James Graham, Marquess 3, 104, 141, 308, 334–6
Moore, Roger 107
More, Thomas: Utopia 156
Morley, George 157
Morris, John 542
mortality rates xxii, 114
in Civil War (overall) 363, 389–91, 393, 401; See also individual battles/engagements
from disease 394–5
from famine 401
Morton, Edward 390
Mould, Thomas 389
Mr Cotton’s Letter Lately Printed 341
Mulgrave, Edmund Sheffield, 2nd Earl 105
Musgrave, Sir Philip 529
Myddle 389–90, 401, 407–8
Nantwich engagement, 1644 317, 326, 409, 434, 530
Naseby, battle of, 1645 374, 376–9, 377
casualties 378, 383, 391
Cromwell at 372, 376, 377–8, 439; his letter on 379
effects/significance of 378–81, 391
parliamentary troops 376–8; atrocities by 378, 379, 434; New Model Army 374, 376, 379, 384
National Covenant see Covenant
The Nativity of Sir John Presbyter 442
navy 268, 385, 563
command of 210, 214–15, 331, 351, 540, 563
mutiny, 1648 540, 542, 543
parliamentary control of 191–2, 214–15, 331
Naylor, James 590–91
Needham, Thomas 197–8
Negative Confession, 1581 14–15, 34, 36, 38, 107
Negative Voice controversy 189, 194, 554
A Nest of Serpents Discovered 149–50, 150
Netherlands 108, 220, 242
Confederated Catholics, commercial treaty with, 1648 563
England and 19, 84
English immigrants 129, 157
Henrietta Maria in 250, 264
James, Duke of York in 537
parliamentary league with proposed 253–4
as Spanish 472
neutralism, provincial 219–22, 225
Nevill, Henry 152
A New Found Stratagem… to destroy the Army 489, 491
New Model Army
agitators in 489–90, 491–2, 493–4, 495, 498–9, 490, 502, 507, 508, 512
The Agreement of the People see The Agreement… artillery 494
attempts to disband 485–6, 488–9, 491, 493, 494; planned replacement 491, 496
Book of Declarations 492, 510–11, 519, 584
The Case of the Armie… 512–14, 515
cavalry 372, 400, 41
C and 490, 493–5, 501–2; his trial/execution and 374, 564–5
conscription to 372
Cromwell and 493, 494
Declaration of the Army 492, 497, 498, 507
deserters in 372; deserters from 497
Sir Thomas Fairfax as Lord General 371, 374, 376, 384–6, 461, 481, 491, 494, 497, 498, 499, 501, 519, 543; his commission 371–2
formation 351–2, 400–401
Heads of Proposals see Heads of Proposals ‘Humble Representations of the Dissatisfactions of the Army’ 495, 499
importance/significance 353–5, 372–4, 384–7, 439
Independent churches, relationship with 354, 373, 480, 488, 489–90, 507–8
indemnity issues 486, 488, 492, 493, 508–9
infantry 372, 400, 491
Levellers in see Levellers
John Lilburne’s influence on 490, 508, 512
London, advance on, 1647 497, 498, 499, 501–2; withdrawal to Uxbridge 498, 499; march through London 502 at Naseby 374, 376, 379, 384
‘new agents’ in 508, 512, 519
Newport negotiations, opposition to 555–6, 563
officers/commanders 370–73, 412, 488, 491, 492, 495, 497, 507; hostility towards 518–19; nobility banned from 351, 353; required to sign Solemn League and Covenant 372
Parliament, relationship with 449–50, 488, 489, 492, 495, 512–13; attempt to purge eleven corrupt members 1647 497, 498–9; members readmitted 552
payment of/arrears in 400, 486, 488–9, 491, 492, 496, 508–9
political views/influence 477, 479–80, 485–6, 488, 490–92, 495–6, 507, 508, 512, 519, 554, 559
Presbyterian suspicion of 466, 480–81, 492–3, 497–503, 507
Solemn Engagement 495, 507
See also General Council of the Army; Putney debates
New Model Army coup, 1648 353, 555–62
causes 555–8
Cromwell and 561–2
effects 564–5
Ireton and 555–9
Parliament, purge of 560–62, 563, 566
New Model Ordinance 1644 351–2, 353, 354, 371
Newark 59, 388
fortification of 393, 402, 402
royalist relief of, 1644 326
Newburn, battle of, 1640 104–5, 116–17
Newbury, first battle of, 1643 320, 322, 399
Newbury, second battle of, 1644 333–4, 336, 346, 450; third battle refused 334
Newcastle 59, 82, 111, 172, 222
C taken to 465, 535
Covenanter occupation of 4, 5–6, 112
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Earl (later Duke) 182, 221, 252
in Hull 289, 301
at Marston Moor 330, 331
as a royalist 222, 224, 288, 298, 326, 329
at York 251; at subsequent siege 328, 329
in exile 331
Newcastle Propositions, 1646 465–9, 476–7, 481, 504
Clarendon on 468
C’s responses to 466, 467, 468, 472–3, 475, 492, 503; accepted by Parliament 492, 500; amended 492; represented to C 509; his rejection of 509; Parliamentary impatience that he accept 518, 520
public demonstrations in support of 500–502
terms 465–6, 492, 503, 520, 521; religious settlement 466, 467
Newmarket
C’s removal to, by George Joyce 493–5, 525
May Day riot, 1647 532
New Model Army rendezvous, 1647 494, 495
Newport negotiations, 1648 535, 554–6, 559–61, 579
C’s response to 554, 555
New Model Army opposition to 555–6, 563
Parliamentary responses to 554–5, 559, 560–61, 562, 563
Newport Pagnell, parliamentary occupation, 1643 321
news/newsbooks 51, 96, 97, 172, 173–5, 205–6, 279, 282–3, 357, 359, 421, 515
on William Laud 324–5
on military affairs 242, 248, 317–18
professional letter writers 173, 454
on John Pym 357
reliability/accuracy 173–4, 359, 363, 449, 450
women as publishers of 408
See also Mercurius…pamphlets/tracts
Nicholas, Sir Edward, as royalist Secretary of State 299
Nineteen Propositions, 1642 192–3, 210, 297
responses to 193–4; by C 193, 257
No Addresses vote, 1648 530, 533, 535, 539, 561
Declaration in support of 524, 525
Henry Marten’s proposal of 510, 515, 524
passed 524; repealed 553; repeal revoked 562
nobility 87, 105, 458
Gaelic (Irish) lords 162, 163–4, 165, 166
Scottish 33, 37
Self-Denying Ordinance and 351, 353
succession/primogeniture 162
Noell, Martin 403
Norfolk 98–9, 133, 171, 219, 222, 269, 314, 428
See also East Anglia
Norfolk Fens 419–20, 426
Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st Earl 265
Northamptonshire 82, 85–6, 100
, 212, 218, 224, 254
iconoclasm in 201–4
Northern Association (parliamentarian) 374, 498, 543
Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th Earl 84–5, 96, 105, 224, 291
as James, Duke of York’s guardian 537
as Lord High Admiral 191, 214
Norwich 346, 404, 483–4, 532
Norwich, George Goring, 1st Earl: at siege of Colchester, 1648 541–2, 547, 548
Nottingham 298, 398
C raises his standard in, 1642 210, 223
Nottinghamshire 130, 152, 254
Nye, Philip 338–9, 339
O’Neill, Owen Roe 470
O’Neill, Sir Phelim 166, 168
oaths, swearing of 95
Ogle plot, 1643 316
Okey, John 488
oral communication 51, 52, 96, 97, 242 street talk/rumour 93, 116, 206–7, 247–8
Ormonde, James Butler, Earl 166, 305, 384, 530
C, correspondence with 381, 472, 555, 559
as C’s representative in Ireland 470–71, 539, 555, 559, 563, 564
as commander, English troops in Ireland 305, 306, 307, 469–71, 485–6
Osborne, Richard 526
Overton, Richard 279, 441, 442, 443, 463, 534
as a Leveller 458, 508
Martin’s Echo 442, 444
pamphlets by 441, 442, 460
Parliament, his attacks on 507–8
religious beliefs 441, 486
A Remonstrance… (with William Walwyn) 487
Stationers” Company and 444
Overton, Colonel Robert 558
Owen, Nat[haniel] 389, 406, 407–8
Oxford 221, 247, 251, 288, 326–7, 394, 398
Sir John Byron’s theft of plate from 241
C in, 1642–4 248, 249, 241–2, 259, 264–5, 295, 315, 326; leaves, June 1644 327; return 331, 334; escape from, 1645 xxi, 388; return 388
fortification of 393
Henrietta Maria in 264–5
siege of, 1645 374, 375–6
surrender, May 1646 388
Waller plot 291–3
Oxford negotiations, 1642 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 256–7, 259–61, 295–6
petitions in support of 254–6
proposals sent to C 159–60, 291, 292, 301; his rejection of 260, 261, 291
public disorder over 254–5, 500–502
John Pym and 253
Oxford Parliament, 1644 315–16, 326, 347
Oxford University 145, 221 Oxfordshire 100, 130, 247
Oxinden, Henry 205, 212
Oyer and Terminer courts 94–5
Paget, William, 6th Baron 227
Pagitt, Ephraim 151, 409
Heresiography… 452
Palmer, Geoffrey 171
pamphlets/tracts xxi-xxiii, 192, 590 ballads 50, 55
on Edgehill 248, 255–6
censorship of 51, 153, 172–3
by Covenanters 5, 107
newsbooks see news/newsbooks
political 50, 51, 153–4, 172–3, 174, 181, 182, 188, 192, 207–8, 236, 237, 257–9, 424, 426; following C’s surrender 440, 441–51 458, 459, 461, 505–6, 534–5, 590
print runs 153, 175, 196, 279
prophetic pamphlets 205–6, 410
prosecution for publishing 77, 206
religious 50, 51, 107, 145, 149–50, 153–4, 155, 167–8, 196–200, 201–3, 206, 313, 314, 339–47, 449–52
rhetoric/style 448–51
titles chosen for 175, 181
by women 410
wonder pamphlets 206, 433
See also individual authors/titles; printing
Parker, Henry 193, 194, 195
Observations on some of His Majesties Late Answers… 193–4
Parliament 57, 114
Commons see Commons, House of constitutional status 56–7, 106, 132, 183, 192–4
the crown, relationship with 45, 46, 49, 54, 183, 188–90, 192–3, 196, 237, 323–4
dissolution, 1629 56; C’s Personal Rule following see Personal Rule
freedom of speech 460, 487–8
legal system, role in 183, 188–9, 405
Lords see Lords, House of militia, control of 181, 465
patronage in 126
Petition of Right 46
petitions for calling of 105, 117, 126
role/function 47, 56–7, 67, 92, 183, 188–9, 405, 466
war, funding of 45, 89, 91, 92, 96, 132
See also Long Parliament; Scottish Parliament; Short Parliament
The Parliament Scout 357, 359
The parliament post 433, 434
parliamentary privilege 179, 180, 237, 273
Parliamentary proceedings, publication of 172, 195
parliamentary reform 123, 132, 514, 557–8, 565
Commons legislating independently 549, 586
patronage 48, 52, 126
Payne, Phineas: claim to be C’s executioner 580, 586
peace negotiations 249, 250, 257, 347
1642 see Oxford negotiations
1643 Lords proposals 292–3
1644–5 see Uxbridge negotiations
1646 see Newcastle Propositions
1647 see Hampton Court proposals
1648 551–4; See also Newport negotiations
1648 Denbigh mission 564
1649 Richmond mission 564
New Model Army’s demand for end to 554; their settlement terms 556–9
Peasants” Revolt, 1381 236
Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 4th Earl 136, 285
Pembroke Castle 538, 539, 542–3
Pendennis Castle 388
Pennington, John 214–15, 281
Pepys, Samuel 580, 586
A Perfect Diurnall 359
Perkins, William 433
Personal Rule period 56, 63, 69, 71, 82, 83, 92
criticism of 105, 189, 228
support for 152
end of 85
Peter, Hugh 458, 573
as possible executioner of C 580
Petition of Right, 1628 46, 66, 91, 540
Petty, Maximilian 516
Philiphaugh (Scotland), battle of, 1645 387
plague(s) xxii, 59, 66, 394, 395
deliberate plague spreading 160–61
See also disease(s)
Plaine English 257, 259
[Plattes, Gabriel]: A description of the famous kingdome of Macaria 156, 158, 160, 181, 454, 455
Plowright, George 85–6
plunder 335, 375, 379, 387, 420
of the dead 391
first use of word 248
foraging for food 396, 397, 416
free quarter 397, 416
Plunkett, Nicholas 305
Plymouth 289, 331, 332, 333, 394
royalist attack, 1642 251
political debate xxii-xxiii, xxv-xxvi, 45, 54, 56, 80, 107–11, 452–3, 582–5