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♦ COLLECTIONS
Alexander McDougall Papers, New-York Historical Society, New York.
Andre deCoppet Collection, Princeton University Library, Princeton, NJ.
Charles Stewart Collection, New York State Historical Association.
Clinton Papers, William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
Cornelius Hartnett Papers, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill.
Dreer Collection, Members of the Old Congress, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Dudley Coleman Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
Ely Collection, New Jersey Historical Society, Newark.
Emmet Collection, New York State Library, Albany.
Germain Papers, William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
Gratz Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Jeremiah Wadsworth Papers, Chicago Historical Society, IL.
John Reed Collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park.
Joseph Trumbull Collection, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford.
Knox Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
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Papers of the Continental Congress, NARA, Washington, DC.
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg, PA.
Sackville-Germain Papers, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Sebastian Bauman Papers, New-York Historical Society, New York.
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NOTES
♦ PROLOGUE
“What is the meaning of this, sir?”: Chernow, Washington: A Life, p. 342.
“Sir?” he stammered. “Sir?”: Lender and Stone, Fatal Sunday: George Washington, the Monmouth Campaign, and the Politics of Battle, p. 289.
“A gallant example”: Josiah Quincy, Ed., The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the First American Consul at Canton, p. 48.
“Will you fight?”: Chernow, Washington: A Life, p. 343.
“His presence”: “Memoir of 1779,” in Idzerda, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Vol. 1, p. 11.
“We are betrayed”: Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, p. 219.
“Colonel Hamilton,” he said: Ibid.
♦ PART I: Epigraph
“The Enemy were routed”: “From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 8 October 1777,” in The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, Vol. 11, ed. Chase and Lengel, pp. 446–47.
♦ CHAPTER ONE: A Sprig of Green
A “multiplicity of interests”: James Madison, Federalist Papers, no. 51.
Now, this morning: Vowell, “Join the Army, Love the Constitution and Pray to Whomever You Like.”
Despite his efforts, he could not prevent: http://www.hopkinsandcompany.com/Books/Revolutionary%20Mothers.htm.
Contemporary descriptions of the general: Townsend, Some Account of the British Army Under General Howe . . . Which Came to the Knowledge and Unders
tanding of Joseph Townsend, p. 25.
Yet close observers also noted: Gruber, The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution, pp. 56–57.
It was not lost on the Americans: Vowell, Lafayette in the Somewhat United States, p. 195.
General George Weedon: Bodle, Valley Forge Report, Vol. 1: The Vortex of Small Fortunes: the Continental Army at Valley Forge, 1777–1778, pp. 48, citing “George Weedon to John Page, 23 August 1777,” Chicago Historical Society.
He wrote to a subordinate: “From George Washington to Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Jr., 2 September 1777,” in The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, Vol. 11, ed. Chase and Lengel, pp. 128–30.
As it happened, this was what Washington: Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, p. 231.
They were even, incredibly: Bodle, Valley Forge Report, Vol. 1, p. 3, citing “Supreme Executive Council to the County Militia Lieutenants, 6 September, 1777,” Frames 0988–0990, Roll 12, PA, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg.
♦ CHAPTER TWO: To Crown the Brave
As the historian Wayne Bodle: Bodle, Valley Forge Report, Vol. 1, p. 5.
In his letter to Whitehall: Ibid., p. 16, citing “William Howe to Lord George Germain, 30 August 1777” (extract), Sackvill-Germain Papers.
As Washington’s biographer: Chernow, Washington: A Life, p. 331.
It frustrated Washington: “From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 1 September 1777,” in The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, Vol. 11, ed. Chase and Lengel, pp. 107–8.
Washington publicly acknowledged: Ibid., “George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 8 September 1777,” pp. 173–74.
privately entertained “little doubt”: “From George Washington to Brigadier General John Cadwalader, 28 August 1777,” Founders Online, National Archives.
The British, having shorn themselves: “General Orders, 7 September 1777,” Founders Online, National Archives. Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, Vol. 11, ed. Chase and Lengel, pp. 167–69.
A defeat of the British here: Ibid., “General Orders, 5 September 1777.” Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, Vol. 11, ed. Chase and Lengel, p. 148.