Ancient Iraq

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Ancient Iraq Page 56

by Georges Roux


  Dilblat, 408

  Dilmun, 15, 89, 104 – 5, 140, 182, 274, 314, see also Bahrain

  Diyala river and valley, 11, 14, 30, 36, 76, 79, 125, 151, 169, 186, 299

  Dorians, 264, 266, 270

  Drehem, 234, see also Sellush-Dagan

  Dudu, 138

  Dumuzi*, 69, 91– 2, 106, 108, 116, see also Tammuz

  Dûr-Iakîn (Tell Lahm), 314

  Dûr-Kurigalzu, 249, 250

  Dûr-Sharrukîn, 315 – 17

  Dura-Europus, 415, 419, 420

  E-Anna, 68, 69, 71, 73, 248, 401, 402, 409, 416

  E-engur, 144

  E-ninnu, 166

  Ea*, 89, 96 – 8, 106 – 7, 109 – 11, 113, 115, 313, 359, 396, see also Enki

  Ea-gâmil, 248

  Ea-nâsir, 223 – 4

  Eannatum, 141 – 2, 143, 350

  Ebla, 78, 124 – 5, 142 – 3, 150, 153 – 4, 156, 157, 192, 237

  Ebrium, 142

  Ecbatana, 374, see also Hamadan

  Edessa, 415, 420

  Edom, 268, 302, 309, 312, 385

  Egypt archaeology, 247, 257

  culture, 3, 6 – 7, 78, 137, 164, 228, 237 – 8, 252, 259, 271, 273, 346, 353, 371, 411, 414 – 15

  history (to 8th C. B.C.), 225, 235, 238 – 40, 245, 253 – 61, 263, 265, 266, 282, 287, 309 – 14, passim

  (from 8th C. B.C.), 318, 320, 327 – 9, 330, 332, 375, 377, 378 – 9, 385, 403, 412, 427

  ruling system, 139, 267, 269

  E.hul.hul, 382, 384

  Ekallâtum, 189, 190, 191, 193, 198, 279

  Ekron, 320

  Ekur, 341

  E1*, 275

  Elam culture, 77, 167, 186, 232, 347

  geography, 15, 156

  history (to 12th C. B.C.), 140, 141, 153, 155, 157 – 8, 159, 160, 169, 177, 179, 184 – 5, 198 – 9, 243, 260, 263 – 5

  history (from 12th C. B.C.), 277 – 8, 282, 287, 310 – 11, 314, 318, 321 – 2, 326, 332 – 3, 334 – 5, 374, 375, 403

  Emar (Meskene), 14, 32

  Emutbal, 24, 197

  En-nigaldi-Nanna, 383

  En-shakush-anna, 143

  Enakalli, 141

  Enheduanna, 153

  Eninkimar, 152

  Enki*, 88, 89, 92, 93, 104, 359, see also Ea

  Enkidu, 117 – 19

  Enlil* legend, 94, 95, 108, 111, 115, 196, 397

  worship, 88 – 9, 99, 104, 139, 159, 181, 202, 249, 398

  Enlil-bâni, 183

  Enlil-nadin-ahnê, 265

  Enlil-nirâri, 262

  Enmerkar, 104, 116

  Enna-Dagan, 142

  Enshag* (Inzak), 104, 105

  Entemena, 137 – 8, 143

  Erbil, 20, 194, see also Urbêl, Arba‘il

  Erech, 68, see also Uruk

  Ereshkigal*, 87, 92, 101

  Eriba-Marduk, 303

  Eridu archaeology, 30, 59 – 61, 68, 134, 163

  culture, 54, 57, 64, 65, 70, 83, 106, 108

  geography, 4, 131

  Erishum I, 188

  Erridu-Pizir, 161

  Esagila, 98, 298

  Esarhaddon, 318, 324 – 9, 343

  Esharhamat, 340

  Eashnunna, 126, 176 – 7, 179, 185 – 7, 190, 193, 197, 198 – 200, 243, see also Asmar, Tell

  Eski Mosul, 31

  Etana, 114 – 15, 196, 357

  Ethiopia, 269, 328

  Euphrates river geography, 2, 4 – 8, 10, 11 – 12, 16, 31, 36, 67, 390 – 91, 393, 412, 423

  trade and settlement, 13, 64, 65, 66, 83, 130, 152, 154, 182, 189, 190,272,280, 318, 425 – 6

  Ezekiah, 320

  Failakka Island, 15, see also Kuwait

  Fallujah, 14, 197

  Fara, Tell, 124, 143, see also Shuruppak

  Farama, Tell, see Pelusium

  Fars mountains, 383

  Fertile Crescent, 148, 150, 234, 267, 273, 318

  Gambulû, 281, 327, 333

  Ganges river, 412

  Ganj Dareh, 46

  Gareus*, 420

  Gasgas, 245

  Gasur, 234 – 5, see also Nuzi

  Gatamdug*, 166

  Gaugamela, 412

  Gawra, Tepe, 30, 55, 56, 64, 79, 235

  Gaza, 309, 312, 379

  Geshtin-anna*, 92

  Geshur, 275

  Gilgamesh, 100, 109, 112, 113, 116 – 21, 123, 137, 156, 196, 252, 356, 421, 427

  Gimil-Ningishzida, 223

  Gimirrai, see Cimmerians

  Gindibu, 297

  Girsu, 122, 124, 127, 128, 131,132, 134, 165–8, 172, 173, 419

  Giyan, Tepe, 309

  Gobryas 406

  Grai Resh, 79

  Greeks culture, 23, 230, 276, 358, 359, 366, 371, 414 – 18, 419 – 20, 426 – 7

  history, 225, 226 – 9, 265, 266, 270, 336, 385, 403, 423

  Gubaru (Gobryas), 386 – 7

  Gudea, 81, 165, 166 – 8, 338

  Gula*, 99

  Gulgamesh, 100

  Gungunum, 183

  Guran, Tepe, 46

  Guraya, 347

  Gurgum, 272, 304, 314

  Guti, 156, 158, 159, 161, 162, 166, 169, 170, 193, 199, 247, 262, 263, 421

  Guzana, 14, 24, 275, 302, see also Halaf, Tell

  Gyges, 331, 332, 335

  Hanigalbat, 235

  Habiru, 239 – 40

  Habuba Kabira, 70, 76

  Hacilar, 46, 230

  Hadad*, 275, see also Adad

  Hadâtu, 309, see also Arslan Tash

  Haditha (Qadissiyah), 31

  Hadramaut, 148

  Hajji Muhammad, 54, 57, 60, 61, 83

  Halabja, 14

  Halaf, Tell, 14, 48, 55 – 9, 230, 275, 276, see also Guzana

  Haldia*, 314

  Halê, 188

  Hallulê, 322

  Hallushu (Halutash), 322

  Halpa, 245

  Haltemash, 335

  Halys river, 380

  Hama, 272, 275, 297, 303, 312, 353

  Hamadan (Ecbatana), 14, 374

  Hamazi, 141

  Hammurabi, 23 – 4, 26, 79, 179, 185, 194, 195 – 202, 212, 219, 224, 241 – 2 Code of Law, 162, 186, 195, 196, 202 – 6, 265, 366, 367, 408

  Hamrîn, Jabal, 63, 187

  Hana ('Anah), 274

  Hanaeans, 188 – 9, 190, 244

  Hanigalbat, 263

  Hanuna, 312

  Haradum, 32

  Haraiva, 266

  Harappa, 160, 229

  Harbe*, 247

  Hariri, Tell, 125, see also Mari

  Harmal, Tell, 31, 186, 209, 358

  Harran, 14, 345, 356, 376, 377, 381, 382, 384, 386

  Hassuna, Tell, 30, 45, 48, 49 – 50, 53, 57, 59, 83, 230

  Hathor*, 354

  Hatra, Tell, 31, 419, 420

  Hatti, 245, 261, 272, 378, 385

  Hattina, 275, see also Antioch

  Hattusas, 245, 271, see also Boghazköy

  Hattusilis I, 245

  Hattusils III, 261 – 2, 368

  Hauran, 275

  Hazael, 297, 309

  Hazail, 327 – 8

  Hazar Merd, 37

  Hazâzu, 24

  Hebrews, 147, 162, 239 – 40, 273 – 4, 276, see also Israel; Jews

  Heliopolis, 139

  Hepa*, 234, 235

  Heracles, 427

  Hermes*, 420

  Hermon, Mt, 275, 297

  Hipparchus, 366

  Hiritum, 198

  Hissar, Tepe, 78

  Hît (Tutul), 153, 283

  Hittites culture, 226, 232 – 3, 252, 267, 271 – 2, 273, 276, 351, 359

  history, 79, 81, 225, 230 – 32, 235, 241, 245 – 6, 253, 254, 256, 258, 261, 263, 266, 274

  Neo-Hittites, 267, 271 – 3, 276, 290, 296 – 7, 302, 304, 308, 314

  Horns, 14

  Horus*, 354

  Hoshea, 310

  Hulteludish (Hutelutush-Inshushiak), 278, 282

  Humba-haldash, 326, 327

  Humban-nimena, see also Umman-menanu

  Humbanigash, 311, 333

&nbs
p; Hungary, 227

  Hurpatila, 260

  Hurrians culture, 160, 185, 187, 234 – 7, 239, 249, 252, 276, 304, 423

  history, 156, 157, 161, 169, 225, 229, 233 – 5, 241, 245, 253, 254 – 6, 263, 274

  Huwawa (Humbaba), 118

  Hyksôs, 240, 254, 255

  Hymeros, 421

  Iaggid-Lim, 189

  Iahdun-Lim, 189, 190, 192, 198, 219

  Iakinlu, 331

  Iamani, 312

  Iamhad, 190, 193, 198, 238, 245, see also Aleppo

  Iaminites, 188 – 9, 193, 198

  Iaqqim-Addu, 219 – 20

  Iarim-Lim, 238

  Iarmuti, 153

  Iasmah-Adad, 190, 191, 192, 193 – 4, 198, 219

  Iatnana, 314 – 15, see also Cyprus

  Iaua mâr Humri, 298

  Ibal-pî-El II, 197, 198 – 9

  Ibbi-Sin, 176, 177, 185

  Ibiq-Adad, 190

  Ibla, see Ebla

  Iblul-Il, 142, 143

  Idamaras, 189, 192, 198

  Iddin-Dagan, 91 – 2, 182

  Idrimi, 256

  Igmil-Sin, 223

  Ikun-Shamash, 142

  Ilâ-kabkâbu, 189, 190

  Ili-ittia, 24

  Illyrians, 266

  Ilshu, 142

  Ilu-bi'di, 312

  Iluma-ilu, 243, 244

  Ilushuma, 188

  Imgur-Enlil, 295, see also Balawat

  Inanna*, 68, 69, 77, 91 – 3, 153, 243, see also Ishtar

  Indar* (Indra), 235

  India, 64, 160, 225, 229 – 30, 385, 410, 415, 428

  Indo-Aryans, 81, 229, 235, 241, 247

  Indo-Europeans, 225, 226 – 30, 232, 233, 235, 247, 265, 266, 271, 383

  Indus river and valley, 13, 15, 160, 229 – 30, see also Meluhha

  Inimagabesh, 158

  Inshushinak*, 169

  Inzak*, see Enshag

  Ionians, 266, 320, 332, 385, 403

  Ipiq-Adad II, 186

  Ipsus, 413

  Iran archaeology, 29, 39, 41, 46, 48, 83, 157, 309

  culture, 9, 78, 266, 353, 418, 420

  geography, 2, 11, 13, 14, 16, 34, 415

  history, 155, 169, 175, 225, 229, 282, 302, 303, 304, 319, 374, 384, 418

  Irhuleni, 297

  Irra-imitti, 183

  Isaiah, 320

  Ischâli, 211

  Isfahan, 266, 383

  Ishbi-Irra, 177, 182

  Ishkun Shamagan, 142

  Ishme-Dagan (Isin), 182, 188

  Ishme-Dagan (Mari), 190, 191 – 2, 193, 198, 219

  Ishtar*, see also Inanna legend, 111, 115, 119, 257, 278, 301, 365

  worship, 68, 90, 152, 188, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 275, 309, 393, 417, 420

  Ishtumegu, 385

  Isin, 25, 31, 91, 92, 131, 177, 179, 181 – 5, 197, 208, 222, 277

  Isma-Adad, 219

  Israel, 267, 268 – 9, 275, 291, 295, 298, 302, 303, 310, 336, 375, see also Hebrews; Jews

  Itu‘, 307

  Itusi', 347

  Jacob, 274

  Jarlagab, 158

  Jarmo, 33, 44 – 5, 46, 57, 230

  Jauf, al-, see Adumatu

  Jazirah archaeology and culture, 54, 58, 59, 235

  geography, 10, 14, 157, 262, 385, 415

  history, 155, 156, 189, 190, 198, 253, 262 – 3, 274, 283

  Jebail, see Byblos

  Jehoiakim, 379

  Jehu, 295, 298

  Jemdat Nasr, 22, 30, 48, 57, 68 – 9,76 – 80, 83, 86, 116, 126, 129, 350, 423

  Jerablus, 5, 14, see also Karkemish

  Jeremiah, 379, 390

  Jericho, 46, 50, 230

  Jerusalem, 93, 269, 320, 379

  Jesus, 276

  Jews, 320, 335, 378, 379, 411, 420, see also Hebrews; Israel

  Jokha, Tell, 140, see also Umma

  Jordan river, 267, 268

  Joseph, 268

  Joshua, 268

  Josiah, 375, 377

  Judah, 269, 309, 312, 314, 320, 333, 375, 377, 379 – 80

  Judi Dagh, 324

  Kadashman-Enlil I, 257

  KA.DINGIR. RA, 184, see also Babylon

  Kaiwanian, 39

  Kakzu, 419

  Kaldû, 281, 302, see also Chaldeans

  Kalhu, 291 – 2, 295, 303, 315, 337, see also Nimrud

  Kandalanu, 334, 373

  Kanesh-Kûltepe, 232

  Kapara, 276

  Kaprabi, 289

  Kar-Ashurnasirpal, 290

  Kâr-Shulmanashared, 297

  Kara Tepe (Azitawandas), 271, 272

  Kara-Indash, 248

  Karim-Shehir, 33, 41

  Karkara, 297, see also Qarqar

  Karkemish archaeology, 272

  geography, 5, 14, 272

  history, 193, 238, 245, 256, 260, 263, 275, 314, 377, 378

  Karmir-Blur, 304

  Karun river, 15

  Kashiari mountains, 283, 289, see also Tûr-‘Abdin

  Kashshu*, 247

  Kashtiliash I, 244

  Kashtiliash IV, 263 – 4

  Kassites, 23, 79, 85, 159, 225, 229, 240 – 42, 244, 246 – 59, 262 – 5, 351, 359, 423, 427

  Kerkemish, 50

  Kerkha river, 15, 333

  Kermanshah, 14

  khabur river and area, 10, 55, 79, 125, 128, 157, 189, 198, 235, 236, 276, 280

  Khafaje, 76, 79, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, see also Tutub

  Khanaqin, 14

  Khorsabad, 187, 315 – 17, 348, 352 – 3

  Khshathrita, 327

  Khueira, Tell, 125, 127

  Kidunnu (Cidenas), 365 – 6, 412, 418

  Kikkia, 187

  Kilu-Hepa, 256

  Kimash mountain, 167

  Kingu*, 97 – 8, 105

  Kirkuk, 20, 186

  Kish archaeology and culture, 30, 134, 400, 419, 421

  geography, 111, 112, 131

  history, 114, 115, 123, 139, 140 – 41, 143, 152 – 8, 186, 321, 410, 416

  Kishar*, 96

  Kizil-Irmak river, 245, 380

  Kizilkaya, 230

  Korain, 39

  Korupedion, 413

  Kül Tepe, 51

  Kudur-Mabuk, 184

  Kullaba, 68

  Kültepe, 231, 233

  Kummanu, 272

  Kummuhu, 272, 304, 314, see also Commagene

  Kunalua, 272

 

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