Just Jackie

by Edward Klein

  The details of Jackie and her sister Lee Radziwill’s sibling rivalry that appear in “You Can’t Know One without the Other” are derived from a series of interviews by the author with Kitty Carlisle Hart. The party is described in Charlotte Curtis’s “The Radziwills Give a ‘Teeny, Tiny Party’—for 100 Guests,” The New York Times, April 21, 1965. Lee’s apartment is also described in Mark Hampton’s Legendary Decorators of the Twentieth Century (Doubleday, 1992), a book that was edited by Jackie.

  Primary published sources for this section include George Carpozi’s The Hidden Side of Jacqueline Kennedy (Pyramid Books, 1967); Diana DuBois’s In Her Sister’s Shadow (Little, Brown, 1995); C. David Heymann’s A Woman Named Jackie (Lyle Stuart, 1989); Irving Shulman’s “Jackie”! (Trident Press, 1970); the aforementioned Liz Smith articles; Laura Bergquist’s “Jacqueline Kennedy Goes Public,” Look, March 22, 1966; and Aileen Mehle’s “The Jackie I Knew,” Good Housekeeping, September 1994.

  Jackie’s explanation of why she did not vote in the 1964 election comes from the Jacqueline Onassis oral history located in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.

  The material included in “Audition” was derived primarily from the author’s interviews with Kitty Carlisle Hart. Primary published sources include Clarke’s Capote and DuBois’s In Her Sisters Shadow.

  The story about Caroline’s mouse was told by Teresa Gorman in the London Mail on Sunday, May 22, 1994.

  SEVEN: THE OTHER JACK

  The story of Jackie’s romantic involvement with the architect John Carl Wamecke comes from a series of extended interviews that the author conducted with Mr. Warnecke himself. Other interviews were conducted with Marion Javits, Robin Duke, Paul Goldberger, and several sources who wish to remain anonymous.

  Details of Jack Warnecke’s involvement with JFK’s memorial and with Lafayette Square come from a number of articles: Benjamin Forgey’s “The Well-Rounded Square; Lafayette, Absorbing Change with Grace,” The Washington Post, January 29, 1994; “John Carl Warnecke: An Athletic Architect,” from the New York Times “Man in the News” column, October 7, 1964; Ada Louise Huxtable’s “Design Dilemma: The Kennedy Grave,” in The New York Times, November 29, 1964; and Sarah Booth Conroy’s “Preserving Lafayette Square,” in The Washington Post, May 26, 1994.

  The material in “Dumping the Secret Service” and “A Cottage in the Woods” comes from the author’s extensive interviews with John Carl Warnecke.

  Details of Jackie’s arrival in Hawaii were drawn from “4,000 Turn Out at Airport to Greet Jackie, Children,” from the Honolulu Advertiser, June 6, 1966.

  Information about Jackie’s frame of mind at this time comes from Liz Smith’s series of articles entitled “Jackie Comes Off Her Pedestal,” which appeared in the New York World Journal Tribune in December 1966—January 1967.

  Descriptions of the party Jackie threw for John Kenneth Galbraith come from an interview with William vanden Heuvel and an article in Time, October 1, 1965.

  Details about Jackie’s visit to Spain were derived from newspaper clippings and letters written by Jackie to Angier Biddle Duke when he was ambassador to Spain, which are housed in the Angier B. Duke special collections, William R. Perkins Library, Duke University.

  Jackie calls Angier Biddle Duke her “knight in armor” in an undated letter (later marked “probably April 1966”) from Jackie to Duke, which is contained in the A.B. Duke files at Duke University.

  Primary published sources for the section on Jackie in Spain come from George Carpozi’s The Hidden Side of Jacqueline Kennedy (Pyramid Books, 1967); Time magazine, April 29, 1966; and numerous newspaper articles, including The Washington Post, April 4, 1966; The New York Times, April 20, 1966; Times-Post Services, March 28, 1966; and The Record American, Boston, Massachusetts, April 13, 1966.

  The narrative of Jackie’s visit to Hawaii is drawn primarily from interviews with John Carl Warnecke; with Henry J. Kaiser’s son Michael Kaiser and Michael’s wife, Betsy Kaiser, and with Richard Goodwin.

  Primary published sources for this section include James Spada’s Peter Lawford (Bantam, 1991) and a number of articles that appeared in June and July of 1966 in The New York Times, the Honolulu Advertiser, and the Star-Bulletin.

  Jackie’s letter to the editors of the Honolulu Advertiser and the Star-Bulletin, thanking them for preserving her privacy during her Hawaiian vacation, appears in “Jackie Thanks Hawaii for Aloha,” the Honolulu Advertiser, July 24, 1966.

  Mrs. Henry J. Kaiser’s story about John Kennedy Jr. appears in “John-John Kennedy Now Just Plain John,” The New York Times, July 24, 1966.

  The words to the song “Tiny Bubbles in the Wine” were written by Leon Pober; the music was composed by Leon Pober.

  EIGHT: TARNISHED HALO

  Details in the section “Out of Control” about Mike Cowles’s trip to Hyannis Port to meet with Jackie about the Look serialization of Manchester’s book come from an interview with William Attwood, Look editor in chief at the time. The interview is housed in the Columbia University Oral History Project. Published sources for this section include Stephen Birmingham’s Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (Grosset & Dunlap, 1978) and George Carpozi’s The Hidden Side of Jacqueline Kennedy (Pyramid Books, 1967).

  William Manchester recounted the details in “Us Against Them” in his book Controversy and Other Essays in Journalism (Little, Brown, 1976).

  The section “Taking Care of Business” is drawn from a series of interviews by the author with John Carl Warnecke.

  Lloyd Shearer’s article “Jackie Kennedy, World’s Most Eligible Widow—Will She Marry Again?” appeared in Parade, December 4, 1966.

  Published sources for “Acting on Her Own” include John Corry’s The Manchester Affair (G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1967) and Cass Canfield’s Up and Down and Around (Harper & Row, 1971). Periodical sources include James Reston’s “The Death of Camelot” column, The New York Times, December 18, 1966, and Theodore White’s letter to the editor, The New York Times, December 19, 1966.

  The letters between Jackie and LBJ regarding the Manchester affair are housed in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library.

  The narrative of Jackie’s first trip on the Christina was derived in part from the author’s interview with Robert White, premier collector of Kennedy memorabilia. Mr. White shared details of unpublished memos and letters by both JFK and Jackie from this time period. Other material that appears in the section “An Unabashed Love Letter” appeared in the author’s previous book, All Too Human (Pocket Books, 1996).

  Primary published sources used in compiling the story of Aristotle Onassis’s previous life and his entry into Jackie’s include Frank Brady’s Onassis (Prentice-Hall, 1977); Christian Cafarakis’s The Fabulous Onassis (William Morrow, 1972); L. J. Davis’s Onassis (St. Martin’s Press, 1986); Nigel Dempster’s Heiress (Grove Weidenfeld, 1989); Peter Evans’s Ari (Summit Books, 1986); Aristotle Onassis (Lippincott, 1977), written by Nicholas Fraser et al.; Willi Frischauer’s Onassis (Meredith Press, 1968); Doris Lilly’s Those Fabulous Greeks (Cowles, 1970); and William Wright’s All the Pain That Money Can Buy (Simon & Schuster, 1991).

  The narrative in the section “Typical Jackie” was derived from a published interview with a friend of the Onassis family who wished to remain anonymous.

  NINE: FALLEN IDOL

  The portrait of Jackie and Ari’s courtship is drawn chiefly from extensive interviews that were conducted by the author during several trips to Greece. Among those interviewed were Costa Anastassiadis, captain of the yacht Christina’, Stefanos Daroussos, the yacht’s chief engineer; Niki Goulandris, a close personal friend of Jackie’s; and Stelio Papadimitriou, Onassis’s second-in-command.

  An interview with Robert McNamara was the source for the reactions of Andre Meyer and McNamara to the marriage of Jackie and Ari.

  Primary published sources for this chapter include Frank Brady’s Onassis (Prentice-Hall, 1977), Lester David’s Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (Birch Lane Press, 1994), John H. Da
vis’s The Bouviers (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1969), Peter Evans’s Ari (Summit Books, 1986), Frieda Kramer’s Jackie (Grosset & Dunlap, 1979), Jerry Oppenheimer’s The Other Mrs. Kennedy (St. Martin’s Press, 1994), Jean Stein and George Plimpton’s American Journey (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), and William Wright’s All the Pain That Money Can Buy (Simon & Schuster, 1991).

  Direct quotas from Vivian Crespi, Roswell Gilpatric, Karl Katz, and Lady Bird Johnson appear in Carl Sferrazza Anthony’s As We Remember Her (HarperCollins, 1997).

  The words to the song “Little Green Apples” were written by Bobby Russell; the music was written by Bobby Russell.

  Details about Christina and Alexander Onassis in the section “The Perfect Match,” about the Onassis wedding in the section “Esiah’s Dance,” and about the reception and honeymoon in the section “A Special Surprise” were drawn from anonymous sources and from newspaper articles published at the time.

  The account of the prenuptial negotiations and final agreement between Jackie and Ari comes from extensive interviews with Stelio Papadimitriou.

  TEN: THE PEONIES OF GREECE

  In order to re-create Jackie’s life on Skorpios the author relied on numerous interviews with eyewitnesses such as Costa Anastassiadis, captain of the yacht Christina; Stefanos Daroussos, chief engineer of the Christina’, Niki Goulandris, Jackie’s good friend; and Paul Leonard, Jackie’s decorator on Skorpios.

  Primary published sources for life on Skorpios include Carl Sferrazza Anthony’s As We Remember Her (HarperCollins, 1997), Billy Baldwin’s Billy Baldwin Remembers (Harcourl Brace Jovanovich, 1974), Peter Evans’s Ari (Summit Books, 1986), Aristotle Onassis by Nicholas Fraser et al. (Lippincott, 1977), C. David Heymann’s A Woman Named Jackie (Lyle Stuart, 1989), and Kitty Kelley’s Jackie Oh! (Lyle Stuart, 1979).

  Jackie’s thoughts about her life on Skorpios in “The Journey to Ithaca” section are contained in an unpublished letter from Jackie to Niki Goulandris dated August 25, 1970, which was kindly provided to the author by Mrs. Goulandris.

  The thoughts on Jackie and Ari’s relationship attributed to Alexis Miotis, director of the Greek National Theater, appear in Heymann’s A Wofnan Named Jackie.

  Jackie’s letter to Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. describing the Greek character appears in Anthony’s As We Remember Her.

  C. P. Cavafy’s poem “Ithaca” is published in The Complete Poems of Cavafy (Harvest Books/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989).

  The narrative about the cabal against Jackie, and Onassis’s renewed relationship with Maria Callas, is drawn from interviews with Stelio Papadimitriou as well as a number of published sources, including Frank Brady’s Onassis (Prentice-Hall, 1977), Lester David’s Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (Birch Lane Press, 1994), L. J. Davis’s Onassis (St. Martin’s Press, 1986), Nigel Dempster’s Heiress (Grove Weidenfeld, 1989), Evans’s An, Aristotle Onassis by Fraser et al., Willi Frischauer’s Onassis (Meredith Press, 1968), Heymann’s A Woman Named Jackie, Kelley’s Jackie Oh!, Doris Lilly’s Those Fabulous Greeks (Cowles, 1970), and Arianna Stassinopoulos’s Maria Callas (Simon & Schuster, 1981).

  The narrative in the section “An Even Dozen” is derived from interviews with Hélène Arpels.

  ELEVEN: THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF ATREUS

  Kitty Carlisle Hart’s story about Jackie visiting a veterans’ hospital is drawn from Carl Sferrazza Anthony’s As We Remember Her (HarperCollins, 1997), and from the author’s own interview with Mrs. Hart.

  The narrative of Jackie and Ari’s dinner at the Coach House restaurant is drawn from an interview with an American friend of the Onassis couple who wishes to remain anonymous.

  Details of Jackie’s consultation with a heart specialist are drawn from the author’s interview with Dr. Isadore Rosenfeld. Information about using Resusi-Annie to learn CPR techniques was provided by Dr. Laurence Inra and Eugene Lucchese, emergency medical service supervisor at the New York Hospital.

  Primary published sources include Anthony’s As We Remember Her, Stephen Birmingham’s Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (Grosset & Dunlap, 1978), Frank Brady’s Onassis (Prentice-Hall, 1977), Peter Duchin’s Ghost of a Chance (Random House, 1996), Peter Evans’s Ari (Summit Books, 1986), C. David Heymann’s A Woman Named Jackie (Lyle Stuart, 1989), Kitty Kelley’s Jackie Oh! (Lyle Stuart, 1979), Kiki Feroudi Moutsat-sos’s The Onassis Women (Putnam, 1998) Arianna Stassinopoulos’s Maria Callas (Simon & Schuster, 1981), and William Wright’s All the Pain That Money Can Buy (Simon & Schuster, 1991).

  The narrative of Ari’s remorse and guilt over Alexander’s death in the section “Hubris” was drawn from the author’s interviews with Stelio Papadimitriou and Peter Duchin.

  TWELVE: LOVE, DEATH, AND MONEY

  Material for this section, which describes the turmoil in Ari and Jackie’s marriage after Alexander’s death, Ari’s illness and death, and Christina’s settlement with Jackie of the disputed will, is drawn from interviews with Stelio Papadimitriou, Eleanor Lambert, Peter Beard, Jack Anderson, Les Whitten, Bill Fugazy, Tom Bolan, Dr. Isadore Rosenfeld, Niki Goulandris, and David Banfield.

  The narrative of Jackie and Ari’s visit to the Guinness home in Lantana, Florida, is drawn from an article by Aileen Mehle in Good Housekeeping, September 1994.

  Primary published sources for the background on Loel and Gloria Guinness are Sally Bedell Smith’s Reflected Glory (Simon & Schuster, 1996), Annette Tapert and Diana Edkins’s The Power of Style (Crown, 1994), and Veronique Vienne’s “In a Class by Themselves: Fourteen Women of Style,” Town & Country, November 1994.

  The description of the Guinness house was drawn from All Out of Step (Doubleday, 1956) by Bunny Mellon’s father, Gerard Lambert, who designed and built the house.

  Information about myasthenia gravis came from an article by James F. Howard Jr., M.D., professor of neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, published on the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation Homepage.

  Onassis’s illness and treatment were reported in The New York Times, November 12, 1974; December 20, 1974; and February 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, and 20, 1975. His death was reported in The New York Times, March 16 and 17, 1975. Steven V. Roberts’s article on Onassis’s funeral appeared in The New York Times, March 19, 1975.

  The material in “A Sweeping Indictment” is drawn primarily from interviews with Jack Anderson and Les Whitten. Mr. Anderson provided the author with copies of his “Merry-Go-Round” articles on Jackie’s spending habits, a series of United Feature Syndicate columns dated April 14-April 17, 1975. Les Whitten’s handwritten and typewritten notes were provided to the author by Marie Boltz, assistant, Lehigh University Special Collections.

  John Corry’s article about the planned Onassis divorce appeared in The New York Times, April 12, 1975; details of the will on June 8, 1975; and Nicholas Gage’s article about the settlement between Christina and Jackie on September 20, 1977.

  Nude photos of Jackie were published only in Europe until Hustler magazine broke the story in the United States, according to John Heidenry’s What Wild Ecstasy (Simon & Schuster, 1997).

  The narrative of Judith Campbell Exner’s appearance before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Operations, chaired by Frank Church, was drawn from the following periodicals: “Church Denies Cover-Up of a Kennedy Friendship,” The New York Times, December 16, 1975; “Kennedy Friend Denies Plot Role,” The New York Times, December 18, 1975; “Addendum to the Kennedy Years,” The New York Times, December 21, 1975; William Satire’s “Murder Most Foul” column, The New York Times, December 22, 1975; “A Shadow over Camelot,” Newsweek, December 29, 1975; “Closets of Camelot,” Newsweek, January 19, 1976; Lewis Lapham’s “The King’s Pleasure,” Harper’s, March 1976; “Kennedys: More Pillow Talk,” Newsweek, March 1, 1976; and Nicholas Gage’s “Link of Kennedy Friend to Matia Still a Puzzle,” The New York Times, April 12, 1976.

  Details of Jackie’s dealings with Christina and Artemis were drawn from interviews with Stelio Papadimitriou and anonymous sources.

>   Principal published sources include Stephen Birmingham’s Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (Grosset & Dunlap, 1978); Frank Brady’s Onassis (Prentice-Hall, 1977); Bob Colacello’s Holy Terror (HarperCollins, 1990); Lester David’s Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (Birch Lane Press, 1994); L. J. Davis’s Onassis (St. Martin’s Press, 1986); Nigel Dempster’s Heiress (Grove Weidenfeld, 1989); Peter Evans’s Ari (Summit Books, 1986); Aristotle Onassis by Nicholas Fraser et al. (Lippincott, 1977); C. David Heymann’s A Woman Named Jackie (Lyle Stuart, 1989); Kitty Kelley’s Jackie Oh! (Lyle Stuart, 1979); Frieda Kramer’s Jackie (Grossett & Dunlap, 1979); Laurence Learner’s The Kennedy Women (Villard Books, 1994); Wendy Leigh’s Prince Charming (Dutton, 1993); Arianna Stassinopoulos’s Maria Callas (Simon & Schuster, 1981); and William Wright’s All the Pain That Money Can Buy (Simon & Schuster, 1991).

  THIRTEEN: THE MYSTERIOUS M. T.

  The account of Maurice Tempelsman’s background, business dealings, and developing relationship with Jackie was drawn from interviews with a number of friends and business associates of Tempelsman’s who wish to remain anonymous. In addition the author interviewed Hélène Arpels; Arnaud de Borchgrave; Frank Carlucci, former political officer at the U.S. Embassy in Kinshasa, Congo, former deputy director of the CIA, and former secretary of defense; Larry Devlin, former CIA station chief in Kinshasa; Roy Furmark; Jeffrey Gartner, dean of the Yale Business School; Brendan Gill; Brandon Grove, U.S. ambassador to Zaire, 1984–1987; Robert Oakley, U.S. ambassador lo Zaire, 1979–1982; Michael Schatzberg, author of a book on Mobutu; Sue Schmidt; Alex Shoumatoff; Adlai Stevenson Jr.; Jack Valenti; Dr. Herbert Weiss, director of Central Africa Project, Columbia University; and Melissa Wells, U.S. consulate general of Brazil, former U.S. ambassador to Zaire.