Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino, 187
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 73
Schilling, Paulo, 128
Schnerb, Robert, 198
Shell Oil Company, 157-60, 166, 268 Shipping, 260-61
Silver, 29; Amazonian, 137; Andean 41tiplano, 15; Bolivian, 14, 20-22, 32,33,34,36,39,40,44,136,145; German, 36; Mexican, 14-15, 22, 37
Slaves, 30, 31, 34, 38, 48, 52, 53-54; Central America, 107; cotton plantations, 94; revolts, 83; sugar plantations, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 79 Slave trade, 28; Angola-Brazil, 54, Dutch, 56, 62, 80; English, 56, 79-82, 174; French, 28; Guinea-Brazil, 54; sugar plantation, 79; United States, 202 Smith, Adam, 79, 180 Smith, Earl, 72
Smith, Walter Bedell, 113
Solano Lopez, Francisco, 189, 192, 193, 194, 195
Somoza, Anasruio, 110-1 1, 270
South Sea Company, 80
Soviet Union, 75n, 159, 160, 209
Spain, 12, 15, 22-28, 29, 115, 132
Spices, 12, 14
Standard Oil of California, 158, 162
Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon), 136, 157-61, 162, 165-66, 168, 268
321
Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), 158
State: terrorism and, 274-75
Strikes, 285
Stroessner, Alfredo, 194, 195, 196
Sugar, 3, 29, 109; Brazil, 50, 52, 54, 56, 61-65, 130; Caribbean, 65-67; Cuba, 67-78, 176; development, 59-61; "sugar islands," 65
Sulphur, 136n
Sweezy, Paul, 226, 267
Taft, William H., 107
Tantalite, 137, 139
Taxes, 1, 157, 165, 168, 174, 239
Technocrats, 227-37
Technology: dependency, 277-78; foreign ownership and control, 243-47
Tenochtitlin, 19, 44
Terrorism: state and class and, 274-75; in system of repression, 283-84
Texaco, 158, 161, 166
Textiles, 175-78, 201, 239
Thorium, 137, 138
Thornton, Edward, 191, 192
Timber, 51, 68
Tin, 33, 147-52
Tires, 88
Titanium, 137
Tobacco, 54, 68, 67, 79, 91, 102
Torres, Juan Jose, 274
Torture, 283-84
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 66
Transport system: for commodities, 250-61
Trias, Vivian, 186
Trinidad-Tobago, 65, 174
TripleAlliance, 188, 195, 197, 200 Tupac Amaru, 44-45
Turner, John Kenneth, 121
Ubico Castaneda, Jorge, 110, 112-13, 114
Underdevelopment, 245, 285
322
Union Carbide, 217
United Fruit Company, 100, 106, 108-10, 206
United Nations, 3; Economic Mission for Latin America (ECLA), 93, 1 0 1, 207, 216, 251n, 278; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 64; UNESCO, 73
United States, 4-8, 49, 261; cacao, 93; and Central America, 107-10, 113-14; CIA, 136-37; coffee, 100-101, 105, 110; cotton, 95; and Cuba, 70-75, 77; family planning, 5; foreign aid, 228-29; foreign banking, 223-27; and Haiti, 66; industrial development, 202-4; investments, 205-10, 218-19, 276; and LAFTA, 252-58; Latin American interventions, 272-73; Marine Corps, 77, 111, 123; and Mexico, 121; mineral imports, 134-38, 144-46, 149, 153-56; mineral need, 134-35,137-38;petroleum,157-69; protectionism, 200-4; railroads, 106; shipping, 202-3; slavery, 79; technology investment and development, 245; textiles, 202-3; westward expansion, 131-32 U.S. Steel, 91, 153
Uranium, 139
Uruguay, 6-7, 48, 128, 188, 191, 21 1, 230n; agrarian reform, 1 17-20; debt, 276-77; military and police budget, 271; petroleum, 160-61; repression in, 283, 284; rice, 95; wages and prices, 279
Varela, Felipe, 184
Vargas, Getulio, 99, 154, 210-13, 216n Velasco Alvarado, Juan, 95, 136, 164, 220n,269
Venezuela, 6, 14, 31; agrarian reform, 128; cacao, 91; imports, 268-69; Indians, 49; iron, 153-56; nationalization of oil, 268; petroleum, 91, 136, 157, 159, 165-70
Vespucci, Amerigo, 14
Videla, Jorge, 273, 275, 276
Vietnam, 6
Villa Francisco ("Pancho"), 123
Vinhas de Queiroz, Mauricio, 216
Volkswagen: Brazilian production, 267-68, 279
Wages, 250, 251; prices and, 279-81
Walker, William, 107
Wal h, Rodolfo, 276
323
War of the Triple Alliance, 188-97
Washington, George, 203
Washington Post, 11 5
Watt, James, 81, 94
Webb, James Watson, 178
West Germany, 4, 93
West Indies, 65
Wickham, Henry, 89
Wilhelm (Kaiser), 274
Wilson, Henry Lane, 123
Wilson, Woodrow, 2
Wood, Leonard, 71
Woods, George D., 235
Working class. See Class; Labor
World Bank, 5-6, 221, 235-36, 239, 273. See also International Monetary Fund World Coffee Information Center, I 00
World Market, 237-43
Yaqui Indians, 48, 61, 121
YucarAn (Mexico), 48, 61, 121
Zander, Arnold, 136
Zapata, Emiliano, 120, 122-24
Zavala, Maza, 126
Zavaleta, Ren@, 163
Zinc, 134, 136, 137
Zuazo, Alonso, 83
Zumbi (Indian chief), 84
324
Open Veins of Latin America Page 41
