Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions That Changed the World, 1940-1941
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Soviet Union and
Bastianini, Count Giuseppe, Italian ambassador to London
meeting with Halifax
Bastico, General Ettore
‘Battle of Britain’
Beaverbrook, Lord, Minister of Supply
Beck, General Ludwig, resignation
Belgian army, numbers rescued from Dunkirk
Belgium capitulation
German invasion of
near defeat
Below, Nicolaus von
Belzec extermination camp
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
Beria, Lavrenti, head of Soviet State Security
and intelligence reports
Bessarabia (Romania) see also Romania
Bolshevism, equated with Jewish rule
Boothby, Robert, MP
Borah, William E., US Senator
Boris, king of Bulgaria
Bottai, Giuseppe, Italian Minister of Education
Bötticher, General Friedrich von, German embassy in Washington
Boulogne, fall of
Brauchitsch, Field Marshal Werner von
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918)
Briey
British Empire
Far East
German naval plans for
Hitler’s view of
British Expeditionary Force (BEF) expectation of losses
numbers rescued
retreat to Dunkirk
British Somaliland
Brjansk, German encirclement of
Brocke, Wolfgang
Bühler, Dr Josef
Bukharin, Nikolai
Bukovina, northern
Bulgaria
Bullitt, William, US ambassador in Paris
Bunkichi Ito, Count
Burckhardt, Carl, Swiss Commissioner to League of Nations
Burma
Butler, R. A.
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, Foreign Office
on likely capitulation of France
Calais
Canada
Canary Islands
Cape Verde Islands
Caporetto, Italian defeat at (1917)
Carls, Admiral Rolf
Cavagnari, Admiral Domenico, chief of Italian naval staff
Century Group, and military aid to Britain
Cephalonia
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart
Chamberlain, Neville
and approach to Mussolini
enmity with Lloyd George
fears for French defeat
and need for American support
as Prime Minister, appeasement
on public mood (May 1940)
support for Churchill
and unreadiness for war
Channel Islands
Chelmo, gas chambers
Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese nationalist leader
American support for
Japanese attempt to cut supplies to
and Japanese–American negotiations
Soviet support for
and war with Japan
Chicago, Democratic Convention
Chicago Tribune
China
America and
anti-Japanese feeling
nationalism
‘Open Door’ principle (1917)
war with Japan (1894–5)
western support for
see also
Chiang Kai-shek; Japan, war with China
Chinchow, bombing
Churchill, Winston
address to Cabinet (28 May)
advocate of alliance with France and Soviet Union
and approach to Italy
and British ability to resist Germany
on case for Italian neutrality
character and career
determination ‘to go down fighting’
and Iceland
and Lloyd George
meeting with French leaders in Paris
‘never surrender’ speech
and Norway campaign
opposition to appeasement
as Prime Minister
relations with Chamberlain
Churchill, Winston–cont.
and Soviet Union
speech on (22 June 1941)
and Stalin
and United States: and appeal to
correspondence with Roosevelt
and deal on destroyers
hope for active support from
and lend-lease deal
meeting with Hopkins
meeting with Roosevelt (August 1941)
and visit of Welles
view of risks entailed in negotiations
see also
War Cabinet
Ciano, Count Galeazzo, Italian Foreign Minister
agreement to intervention
Albania as ‘grand duchy’ for
and blame for Greek disaster
and fall of France
influence on Mussolini
meetings with Hitler
and Pearl Harbor
reluctance to enter war
view of Britain
and war on Greece
Cohen, Benjamin, assistant to Roosevelt
Cold War
Colville, John, private secretary to Churchill
Comintern (Third Communist International)
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
see also
Century Group
Communist Party, Soviet Union
Compiègne, Franco-German armistice at
Corbin, Charles, French ambassador to London
Corfu
Corsica
Crete
Cripps, Sir Stafford, British ambassador in Moscow
Croatia, Mussolini’s ambitions for
Czechoslovakia German invasion (March 1939)
Soviet Union and
Sudetenland ceded to Germany
treaty obligations to
Dakar
Daladier, Édouard, French Minister of Defence
Dalton, Hugh, Minister for Economic Warfare
Dannecker, Theo
Danube, as Italian sphere of influence
Davies, Joseph E., assistant to Hull
decision-making
collective agreement of British War Cabinet
effect of public opinion
ideological fixations
influence of bureaucracy
in Italy
Japan
and nature of governments
in Nazi regime
pressures on
significance of personalities
in United States
use of intelligence
decisions, and alternatives
Germany
Great Britain
Italy
Japan
Soviet Union
United States
Dekanozov, Vladimir, Soviet ambassador to Berlin
Denmark, German invasion of
Dieckhoff, Hans Heinrich, German ambassador in Washington
Dimitrov, Georgi, Comintern
disarmament, policy of
Disarmament Conference (1932–3)
Djibouti, French Somaliland
Dollfuss, Engelbert, Austrian Chancellor
Dönitz, Admiral Karl 384, 409
Dooman, Eugene H., US embassy in Tokyo
Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Hugh
Dreyfus, Alfred
Dunkirk evacuation of
retreat to
Durazzo, port of
Dutch East Indies
Japanese ambitions in
Japanese attack on
Earle, George, Governor of Pennsylvania
East Africa
economy, world
see also individual countries
; Wall Street
Eden, Anthony
Edison, Charles, US Naval Secretary
Edward VIII, King (Duke of Windsor)
Egypt
British forces in
Italia
n offensive against
Eichmann, Adolf
and deportation of Jews
and Wannsee Conference
Elizabeth, Queen
Epirus, Greece
Erbach-Schönberg, Prince Viktor zu, German ambassador in Athens
Eritrea
Estonia
Far East ABCD powers
European and American interests in
Japanese ambitions in
and Washington Nine Power Treaty (1922)
see also
China; Indochina; Japan; Philippines
Farinacci, Roberto, Fascist leader in Cremona
Fascist party (Italy)
Fascist Grand Council
relationship to state
splits in
and support for war
Finland
‘Winter War’
First World War
America and
German invasion of Russia
Italy in
Jews blamed for
postwar settlement
Fiume, ceded by Yugoslavia to Italy (1923)
France
appeals to America for arms
armistice terms
on brink of defeat
capitulation
Italian territorial demands
and Mussolini
possibility of approach to
unilateral appeal to
treaty obligations to Czechoslovakia
see also
Free French; French army; French navy
France, Vichy
Franco, General (Francisco Franco Bahamonde)
meeting with Hitler
and Spanish neutrality
François-Poncet, André, French ambassador in Rome
Frank, Hans, Governor General of Poland
and gas chambers
and Wannsee Conference
Free French, in Africa
Freemasonry
Freetown
French army
numbers rescued from Dunkirk
and retreat to Dunkirk
French colonial empire
French Equatorial Africa
French navy
British destruction of fleet at Mers-el-Kebir
Frentz, Walter, Hitler’s cameraman
Frick, Wilhelm, Reich Minister of Interior
Fricke, Rear-Admiral Kurt, Naval Warfare Executive
Fritsch, Theodor
Fukudome Shigeru, Japanese naval Operations Division
Funk, Walther, Economics Minister
Fushimi Hiroyasu, Prince, Japanese army chief of staff
Gaulle, General Charles de, and Free French
genocide
Armenians (1915)
see also
Jews
George VI, King
German army Hitler’s control over
leadership’s view of war in west
organizational structure
preference for Mediterranean offensive
view of war with Russia
German colonies, former
German navy
and invasion of Britain
Naval Warfare Executive
preference for Mediterranean offensive
strategic preferences
and territorial annexation
Z-Plan
Germany
anti-American propaganda
desire for empire
development of dictatorship
economy
incursion into Rhineland (1936)
international perceptions of
intervention in Greece
invasion of Poland
and Italy
effect of fiasco in Greece on
offer of troops in north Africa
threat in Balkans
and Japan
effect of Pearl Harbor on
Japanese expectation of victory
Japanese negotiations with America
and role of
Tripartite Pact with
and killing of Jews: antisemitism
Nuremberg Laws
role of Einsatzgruppen
secrecy of decision
and League of Nations: membership