on northern Democratic platform in 1864, 772
on treatment of p.o.w.'s, 802
on loss of Fort Fisher, 821
at Hampton Roads conference, 822–24
Stevens, Thaddeus: antislavery Whig, 87
radicalism of, 227–28
on the war as revolution, 358
on war taxes, 448
power of, 496
ironworks of destroyed by rebels, 649
conquered provinces theory of reconstruction, 699
on reconstruction as revolution, 701
Stone, Charles P., 362–63
Stones River, battle of, 580–83, 586, 645–46, 669, 676
Stonewall Brigade: at 1st Manassas, 342
in Shenandoah Valley, 429
at Cedar Mountain, 526
at 2nd Manassas, 528–29
at Appomattox, 850
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 38, 88–91
Strader v. Graham, 171
Strategy in Civil War: of Union armies, 331–36
of Confederate armies, 336–38, 472
Confederate strategic decisions after Chancellorsville, 646–47
southern military strategy to influence northern presidential election, 720–21, 734
Grant's strategic plan for 1864, 721–22
Lee's strategy of attrition, 734
Stringham, Silas, 370
Strong, George Templeton, 484
on Gettysburg, 664
depressed in 1864, 757–58
on capture of Atlanta, 772–73
Stuart, James E. B. ("Jeb"), 206, 276, 513, 639, 737
at 1st Manassas, 341
first ride around McClellan, 462–64
at 2nd Manassas, 528
and Antietam, 537
second ride around McClellan, 561
at Chancellorsville, 640–44
battle of Brandy Station, 649
in Gettysburg campaign, 653, 656, 660–61, 663
killed at Yellow Tavern, 728
Sultana, explosion of, 853
Sumner, Charles, 227
leader of Conscience Whigs, 60
founder of Free Soil party, 62, 63
on Kansas-Nebraska Act, 124
elected to Senate, 138
and Know Nothings, 139
speech on Kansas, 149
assaulted by Brooks, 150–52
on British recognition of Confederate belligerency, 388
and emancipation, 505
on copperheads, 591
on Chancellorsville, 645
state suicide theory of reconstruction, 699
Sumner, Edwin V., 461, 541
Sumter, C.S.S., 316, 547
Sutter, John, 64
Tactics, in Civil War, and casualties, 472–77
Taney, Roger B.: and Dred Scott case, 172–79, 181
and ex parte Merryman, 288–89
Tariff: as a political issue, 158, 160, 188, 192–93, 438
and Republican platform in 1860, 220–21, 225
and Union war finance, 442–43, 451
Taxes, see Finance
Tariff
Taylor, Richard, 633–34, 722–23
Taylor, Zachary, 6, 634, 722
and Mexican War, 3–4
presidential candidate, 4, 58–60, 63, 118
president, 65
and slavery expansion issue, 66–69, 88, 105, 106
and Compromise of 1850, 73–75
death of, 74
Temperance movement, 22, 24, 29, 31
and nativism, 133–36
and politics, 158, 223
Terry, Alfred, 820
Texas, annexation of, 47, 51, 53, 59
and Compromise of 1850, 70–71 and n, 73–75
Thirteenth Amendment: guaranteeing slavery, 256
abolishing slavery, Senate passage of, 706, 712–13
endorsed by Republican platform, 716
House passage of, 823, 838–40
ratification, 840, 842
Thomas, George H.: in Mexican War, 5
stays loyal to Union, 281
victor at Logan's Cross Roads, 305
in Corinth campaign, 416
at Chickamauga, 672–75
takes command of Army of Cumberland, 676, 677
and assault on Missionary Ridge, 678–80
in Georgia campaign, 744, 754
defends Nashville, 808, 811
battle of Nashville, 813–15
and Alabama raid, 825
Thompson, Jacob: Confederate agent in Canada, 763–64
intrigue with copperheads, 765–66, 783
Thompson, M. Jeff, 353n
Thoreau, Henry David, 41–42, 210
Ticknor, George, 861
Times (London): on Civil War strategy, 336
on 1st Bull Run, 348
on McClellan, 359
expects Confederate success, 367
on Monitor-Virginia battle, 377
and blockade, 383
on cotton embargo, 384
hostility to North, 551
favors mediation, 554
on Emancipation Proclamation, 558
on Early's raid, 757
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 605
Todd, George, 292
Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 478
Toombs, Robert: and 1848 election, 60
and Taylor administration, 66, 67–69
on southern unionists, 86
in 1852 election, 118
and 1856 election, 158
on John Brown, 212
and secession, 252, 254
candidate for C.S.A. president, 258
political general, 328
denounces Davis, 435, 543, 692–93
at Antietam, 543
opposes arming of slaves, 835
Trade between the lines during war, 620–25
Transportation: and economic growth, 11–13, 22, 29
and southern economy, 91–95. See also Railroads
Tredegar Iron Works (Richmond), 97, 280, 319, 320, 818
Trent: and diplomatic crisis, 367, 389–91, 555
financial impact of, 444
Trevilian Station, battle of, 739
Trimble, Isaac, 655n
Trist, Nicholas, 3–4, 50
Trumbull, Lyman: elected senator, 130, 218
on black rights, 159
on McClellan, 362
and confiscation act, 500
on midwestern racism, 507–8
Tupelo, battle of, 749
Tyler, John, 257
Uncle Tom's Cabin, 38, 88–91, 124
Underground railroad, 79–80, 83, 85
Uniforms, army, variety of, in 1861, and mix-ups, 318, 324, 342, 344, 351, 544
Union Leagues, 599, 715
United States Military Rail Roads, 514–15, 527
United States Sanitary Commission, 742
formation of, 323
women and, 480
influence and achievements, 481–85
investigates war prisons, 797
Upton, Emory, 729
Vallandigham, Clement L., 803
peace program of, 591–92, 599
and Northwest Confederacy, 593
arrest and exile, 596–97, 599
candidate for governor, 598, 684–85, 688
peace sentiments in 1864, 761–62
confers with rebel agents, 764
returns to U.S., 765
role at Democratic convention, 771–72
and McClellan, 775–76
alleged intrigues with rebel agents, 782, 783
Van Buren, Martin: and slavery expansion, 53, 55
Free Soil nominee in 1848, 60–63
Van Dorn, Earl: and Pea Ridge, 404–5
at Corinth, 416
defense of Vicksburg, 421
attack on Baton Rouge, 422
declares martial law, 435
Mississippi command of, 515, 516, 534, 668
battle of Corinth, 522–23
Holly Springs raid, 578, 629<
br />
and trade with enemy, 622
Vance, Zebulon: opposes conscription, 431
and home-front economic distress, 613, 615
denounces impressment, 616
loyal opposition of, 695–97
reelected governor, 698, 767
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 112, 113
Vicksburg: defies first Union attacks, 420–22, 488, 511, 512
plans for defense of, 576–77
failure of Grant's first campaign against, 577–79
maneuvers against in winter 1863, 586–88, 592, 593, 625, 626
and Grant's spring 1863 campaign, 627–36, 645, 740
surrender of, 637–38
consequences of, 664–65, 668, 682, 683, 684, 685, 691, 831, 858
Virginia, C.S.S., 421
rebuilt from U.S.S. Merrimack, 280, 314, 373–74
attacks Union fleet at Hampton Roads, 375, 417
fight with Monitor, 376–77
scuttled, 427
Virginia Military Institute: graduates of, in Confederate army, 528
cadets at New Market, 724
Hunter burns, 738
Wade, Benjamin, 195, 227
antislavery Whig, 87
in secession crisis, 252
chairman of Committee on Conduct of War, 362
and Wade-Davis bill, 706, 708, 712, 843
response to Lincoln's veto, 713, 717
on Chase, 714
Wages: antebellum, 10–11, 14, 22–23
and "wage slavery," 24–25
and free-labor ideology, 27–29
inflation and, in Confederacy, 440
inflation and, in Union, 448–50
Walker, Leroy P., 317, 321, 322
Walker, Robert J., and Lecompton constitution, 163–66
Walker, William, and filibustering, 110–16
Wall, James, 436
Wallace, Lewis, 328
and Shiloh, 407–10
Wanderer, illegal slaver, 103
War Democrats, and slavery, 506
Warren, Gouverneur K., 659, 742, 845
Washburn, Cadwallader, 588
Washburne, Elihu, 329, 415, 588
Washington, George, 187, 206, 274, 280, 337, 718
Washington Peace Convention of 1861, 256–57
Wayne, James M., 172, 173
Webster, Daniel, 59n, 158
and Compromise of 1850, 70–72, 74
and fugitive slave law, 83
Weed, Thurlow: in 1856 election, 154, 155
and 1860 election, 217, 218, 219
and secession, 253
on peace sentiment in 1864, 761
Weld, Theodore, 38
Welles, Gideon: on slavery expansion, 53
secretary of navy, 260, 313
and Monitor, 374–76
and Emancipation Proclamation, 504
on Antietam, 545
on Gettysburg, 652
on retaliation for Fort Pillow massacre, 794
West Virginia: creation of, political moves, 297–99, 303–4
military actions in, 299–303, 336
admitted as state, 304
Westward movement: and American growth, 6
and economic opportunity, 22, 41–43
slavery issue and, 41
and Mormons, 43–45
and Indians, 45–46
Wheeler, Joseph: and battle of Stones River, 579
raids on Sherman's railroads, 749, 808
and Sherman's march to the sea, 809, 810
and Sherman's march through Carolinas, 828
Whig party, and Whigs: and Mexican War, 4, 47–51, 59
economic philosophy of, 27–29, 193
constituency of, 30–31
and slavery, 31, 53–54, 65–67
and nativism, 33, 131, 136
and Manifest Destiny, 48–49
Conscience and Cotton factions, 60–61, 67
and Compromise of 1850, 74–75
and fugitive slave law, 86–88, 120
death of, in South, 118, 126
death of, in North, 121, 125, 126
persistence of under different names, in wartime South, 689, 691–92. See also Elections
Wigfall, Louis, 647
secessionist, 250
urges attack on Fort Sumter, 273
supports conscription, 430
critic of Davis, 691
opposes arming of blacks, 836
Wilderness, battle of, 724–26, 729, 731, 845
Wilkes, Charles, 389–91, 444
Williamsburg, battle of, 427
Wilmot, David, 52, 53, 55
Wilmot Proviso, 4, 52–60, 62, 65–67, 104, 138
Wilson, Henry, 139, 144
Wilson, James H., 825
Wilson, Woodrow, 854
Wilson's Creek, battle of, 351–52, 362, 370, 413
Winchester: 1st battle of (1862), 457, 458
Ewell's capture of, at 2nd battle (1863), 648
3rd battle of (1864), 777
Winder, John H., 434, 442
Winslow, John, 5
Winthrop, Robert, 67
Wirz, Henry, 797, 802
Wise, Henry: threatens secession in 1856, 158
and John Brown, 208
on secession as revolution, 240–41
and Virginia's secession, 279
operations in Western Virginia, 301–2
confidence in southern military prowess, 316–17
Confederate general, 328
at Roanoke Island, 372–73
Women: and antebellum economy, 7, 13, 14, 22, 23, 33
and decline of birth rate, 9–10, 34–35
and cult of domesticity, 34
and education, 35–36
in wartime economy, 449–50
and medical care in Civil War armies, 477–84
Women's Central Association for Relief, 480, 481
Wood, Fernando, 247, 505
Woodward, George W., 684–85, 688
Wright, Rebecca, 777
Yancey, William Lowndes, 259
campaigns for secession in 1851, 86
and for reopening African slave trade, 102
urges secession, 166, 258
at 1860 Democratic convention, 215
Confederate diplomat, 387–89
Yates, Richard, 595
Yellow Tavern, battle of, 728
Young, Brigham, 44–45, 76
Younger, Cole, 292, 784, 786, 788
Younger, Jim, 292, 784, 786, 788
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