by itself/alone
initiate, institute
begin, start
in many cases/in the case of
often/with (case is an over-worked word)
in order to
to
inquire
ask
in short supply
scarce
in spite of the fact that
despite/although
in succession
running
in the course of
in/during/while
in the direction of
towards
in the event of
in/if
in the field of
in/with
in the majority of instances
mostly
in the vicinity/region/neigh-bourhood of
about/near/around
in view of the fact that
since
is of the opinion
believes
it cannot be denied that
undeniably
lady
woman, unless Lady is a title
larceny
theft, stealing
large volume of complaints
many complaints
leaving much to be desired
unsatisfactory/bad
less expensive
cheaper
amazing level of expertise
amazing expertise
local authority
council
low degree of interest
little interest
made an approach to
approached
made good their escape
escaped
manufacture
make
materialise
happen/come about/appear
maximum
greatest/greatest possible
measure up to
fit, reach, match
meet up with
meet
merchandise
goods
minimum
least/smallest
miraculous
surprising/unexpected
missive
letter
necessitate
force
objective
aim
occasioned by
caused by
of the order of
about
one of the purposes
one purpose
one of the reasons
one reason
on account of the fact that/owing to the fact that
because
on the part of
by
participate
share/take part (in)
pay tribute to
thank/praise
per
should be followed by another Latin word, e.g. per annum, but prefer, a year, a head, a mile etc.
permanent
lasting
personnel
crew/team/workers
peruse
read
petite
placed under arrest
arrested
posh
possessed
had
predecease
die before
prior to/preparatory to/previous to
before
probe
proceed
go
proceeded up
went
production
output
progress to
reach
proliferation
spread
prove beneficial
benefit
provided
if
purchase
buy
put in an appearance
appeared
quit
leave
quiz (verb)
question/ask
red faces (except literally)
embarrassed
regarding
about/on
remunerate
pay
rendered assistance to
helped
request the appropriation of
ask for (more) money/funds
residence
home
resides at
lives at
respecting
about/on
result in
end in. Keep results/resulted in for scores in games
resuscitate
revive
retain his position as
remain
retired for the night
went to bed
shortfall in supplies
shortage
since the particular time
since then
special ceremonies marking the event were held
ceremonies marked the event
stockpile
stock
submitted his resignation
resigned
subsequently
later
subsequent to
after
succeeded in defeating
defeated
succumbed to his injuries
died
sufficient
enough
sufficient consideration
enough thought
summon (except legal summons)
send for
sustained injuries
was hurt
take action on the issue
act
terminate
end
the remains
the body
this day and age
today/nowadays
to date
so far
took into consideration
considered
took up the cudgels on behalf of
backed, supported
tragedy
transmit
send
transportation
bus, car, cycle – or transport
the tools they employed
their tools
under active consideration
being considered
under preparation
being prepared
underprivileged
poor/deprived
under the circumstances
in this/that case
utilise
use
valued at
worth
varsity
venue
voiced approval
approved
was a witness of
saw
was of the opinion that
believed/thought/said
was suffering from
had
wend one’s way
go
when and if
if
which included
including
whole of
all
will be the speaker at
will speak at
with the exception of
except
with the minimum of delay
as soon as possible
with the result that
so that
worked their way
went
W was in collision with Y
W and Y collided (no blame)
Redundancies
These are expressions which the text editor can strike out without offering a terser substitute. Almost always redundant are the phrases: along the lines of, it should be noted that, it is appreciated that … In this list of more than 200 newspaper extracts, the redundancies are set in italic. Deleting them saves space and improves the sentence.
absolute perfection
35 acres of land
acute crisis
adequate enough
a distance of
a hearing to discuss case
all of
all-time record
among the delegates
expected to attend
an authority in his
own right
a number of examples
a period of
appear on the scene
appear to be
appointed to the post of
appreciated in value
ascend up
as compared with
as never before in the past
as yet
a team of 12 workers
at some time to come
attach together
awkward predicament
best ever
blends in
blue coloured car
bold and audacious
brand new
broad daylight
chief protagonist
circular shape
classified into classes
close proximity
collaborate together
commented to the effect that
commute to and from
complete monopoly
completely outplayed
completely untrue
concrete proposals
connect up/together
consensus of opinion
continue in existence
continue to remain
co-operate together
cost the sum of
crisis situation
dates back from
definite decision
depreciated in value
descend down
divert away from
divide off/up
doctorate degree
downright lie
drink up/down
driver by occupation
during the course of
early hours
eat up
eliminate altogether
enclosed herewith
endorse on the back
end product/result
end up
entirely absent
entirely new departure
entirely spontaneous
entire state/community/congregation
equally as
essential condition
ever since
exact counterpart
face up to
falsely fabricated
few in number
final completion/upshot/settlement
flatly rejected
follow after
for a period of
forbid from
for the making of
for the month of
for the purpose of
foundered and sank
fresh beginning
frown on his face
full complement of
full satisfaction
funeral obsequies
future prospect
gainfully employed
gather up/together
general public
good benefit
grateful thanks
have been engaged in producing
have got
heard various requests
he lost his eyesight
he was seen in the morning on his pre-breakfast walk
he went in an effort to determine
hoist up
hot water heater
hour of noon
hurry up
if and when
in a work situation
in abeyance for the time being
include among them
intents and purposes
inter-personal friendship
in the city of Manchester
in the course of the operation
in the process of building
in the interim period between
in the sphere of politics
intolerable to be borne
in two years’ time
invited guest
involved in a car crash
it is interesting to note that
joined together
joint co-operation
join up
just recently
last of all
Essential English Page 10
