temporary insanity, 238
wrongful convictions, 136, 143, 157, 218-21, 238-9, 255
critical incident stress debriefing, 183-6
critical thinking, xi, 189, 206
cultural differences, 50-1
Current Biology, 54
D
Dalhousie University, 161, 164
data-driven processing, 32-3
date-rape, 65
David (Michelangelo), 25
David, Meredith, 195
Davis, Josh, 148-9
Day, Martin, 168
deep sleep, 117, 121, 122
DeGrandis, Joey, 102
DeLoache, Judy, 111
dementia, 164
dendrites, 58, 59, 61, 118
depressants, 66
depression, 102, 195, 227, 232
Descartes, René, 56
Deutsch, Morton, 201-2
Devilly, Grant, 184
Diana, Princess of Wales, 169
Diekelmann, Susanne, 117
digital amnesia, 203-6, 214
Disney, 20-1, 25
dissociation, 162-3
distributional information, 43-4
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 136
Dodson, John, 38
dreams, 118-19
dressgate, 28-31
driving, 137, 193-4
DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) test, 93
DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), 103
dualism, 56
Duchaine, Brad, 149
Duke University, 181, 202
Durham University, 50
E
Eakin, Deborah, 242-3
earliest memories, 2, 11-12
Ebbinghaus, Hermann, 72-3
education, xv, 37-8, 206
eidetic memory, 90-2
electrical noise, 190
electroencephalography (EEG), 57, 120, 121, 190
electromyography (EMG), 121, 190
electrooculography (EOG), 121
Emmons, William, 120
emotion, 12-13, 36-42, 46, 50, 69, 104, 129, 159-77, 183-6
engrams, 70, 75-8, 90, 96, 97, 107, 108, 117, 118, 119
Engstler-Schooler, Tonya, 178
epilepsy, 88
episodic memory, xii-xiii, 4, 11, 14, 43, 46-51, 83-90, 95-8, 100-5, 199-200
Epley, Nicholas, 207
error-proneness, 79-80
error-pruning, 212
ESPCI ParisTech, 68
excitotoxicity, 118
extended adolescence, 14
eyewitness testimony, 36, 40, 150, 151-2, 154, 165, 186, 197-8, 203, 212, 217-39, 254
F
face recognition, 147-54, 175-6, 178-9, 242-4
exemplar-based model, 153
learning strategies, 153
own-age bias, 154
own-gender bias, 154
own-race bias, 152-3, 154
prosopagnosia, 147-8
super-recognisers, 148-9
and trauma, 175-6
and verbal overshadowing 178-9
Facebook, xi, xii, 15, 28, 160, 189, 197, 203, 209-10, 214, 215
Fairfield University, 180
false memories, xiii-xv, 2-6, 12, 18-26, 32, 54-7, 69-71, 74-81, 93-6, 128-33, 155-8, 159-82, 195-239, 247, 254
and association, 74-81, 119
borrowing, 199-200, 213
brainwashing, 129-33
of childhood, 2-6
confabulation, 3-4, 6, 21
and conformity, 197-8, 200-3
crime, 155-8, 217-39
emotion, 159-77, 184, 186
error-proneness, 79-80
flashbulb memories, 165-9
hacking, 5-6, 170-5, 180-2, 247
and HSAMs, 93-5
and hypnosis, 19-20, 128-9, 227-33
impossible memories, 3-4, 18-26, 128-9
and interview techniques, 170, 222-5
location cells, 69-71
merging of stimuli, 54-6, 57
optogenetics, 70-1
parallel processing, 79
and perception, 32
phantom recollective experiences, 80
and photographs, 180-2, 207-10
and psychoanalysis, 19, 228-33
separate recall, 79
and social media, 195-7, 203-6, 209, 214-15
source confusion, 3-4, 200
syndrome, 236-8
and trauma, 104, 129, 160-5, 175-7, 184, 186, 217-39
verbal overshadowing, 177-80, 184, 186
and vividness, 80
wild, in the, 175-7
False Memory Archive, 22-5, 167
feeling of knowing, 241-4
Feld, Gordon, 117
Fells Acres Day Care Center, Malden, 218-26
Fenton, André, 102
fibromyalgia, 125
flashbulb memories, 165-9
Flavell, John, 23
Flinders University, 150
Flom, Ross, 12-13
fluid intelligence, 245
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), 15, 57, 58, 68, 103
Foer, Joshua, 253-4
forgetting, 11-15, 18, 20, 26, 37-8, 64-8, 80, 89, 92, 99-100, 102-5, 143-7, 162-5, 203-6, 214-15
and arousal, 37-8
and autism, 99-100
and benzodiazepines, 65-8
childhood amnesia, 11-15, 18, 20, 26
digital amnesia, 203-6, 214
dissociative amnesia, 162-3
importance of, 102-5
mnestic block syndrome, 163-4
and prospective memory, 143-7
retrieval induced, 64-5, 214
fourth dimension, 42
Fowler, James, 138
free trials, 144-5, 254
Freeman, Walter, 9
French, Chris, 231
frequency, law of, 72
Freud, Sigmund, 19, 228-33
frontal lobe, 8, 13
Furl, Nicholas, 147
futurology, 71
fuzzy trace theory, 78-80
G
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), 66, 164
Gabbert, Fiona, 197
Gary, Maryanne, 181
Gaskell, George, 47-8
Gegenfurtner, Karl, 29
generic memory, see semantic memory
Georgia Institute of Technology, 251
Geraci, Lisa, 250
Gerard, Harold, 201-2
Gibson, James and Eleanor, 32
Giessen University, 29, 154
Giray, Enrol, 92
gist memory, 78-80, 115
glucocorticoids, 164
glutamate, 117-18
good old days, 50
Google, 36, 44, 83, 196, 203-6, 214
gorilla experiment, 114
Gray, Cynthia, 92
groupiness, 142, 200-3
Guardian, 1
guilty until proven innocent, 233-6, 238
Gummerman, Kent, 92
Guyer, Melvin, 228
H
hacking memories, 5-6, 170-5, 180-2, 247
hallucinations, 88
Hampstead, London, 229
Hanson, Lisa, 99
Harris, Celia, 210, 212
Hart, Joseph, 241-2
Hart, Stephen, xi
Harvard University, 13, 16, 20, 114, 148, 166
Heaney, Seamus, ix
Hebl, Michelle, 236
hedge funds, 140
Henkel, Linda, 180
Henner, Marilyn, 87
Hennevin, Elizabeth, 121
Hillsborough football disaster (1989), 48
hippocampus, 13, 14, 70-1, 89-90, 100
Holman, Jeff, 144-5
Holocaust, 130
Hopwood, A. R., 22, 167
hot-air balloons, 21-2, 181-2
HPA axis, 39
Hulme, Charles, 246
Hunt, Kathryn, 53-6, 57
Huttenlocher, Peter, 17
Hyman, Ira, 4, 6, 114-15, 174
hypermnesia, 163
hyperthymesia (HSAMs), 83-90, 9
2-8, 99, 100, 101-3
hypnosis, 19-20, 107, 119-20, 123-9, 227-33
I
Icahn School of Medicine, 119
identification, 40, 148-54, 175-7, 178-9, 242-3
and overconfidence, 149-51
own-age bias, 154
own-gender bias, 154
own-race bias, 151-3, 154
self, 206-10
super-recognisers, 148-9
and trauma, 40, 175-7
and verbal overshadowing 178-9
identity, x-xii, 51, 101, 215
Illinois State University, 194
illusion of asymmetric insight, 141-3
illusions, 27-8, 36
impossible memories, 3-4, 18-26, 128-9, 169, 228
in-groups, 142, 202-3
informational influences, 201-2
Innocence Project, 136, 239
Internet, ix, xi, 15, 28-9, 30, 160, 187, 189-90, 195-7, 203-6, 209, 213-15
interrogation, 175-7, 222, 247
interview techniques, 170, 222-5
inverted-U hypothesis, 38-9
Iowa State University, 64
Iraq War (2003-11), 159-61
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 125
J
Jackson, Michael, 168
Jaeggi, Susanne, 245-6
Janssen, Steve, 50, 51
Jobs, Steve, 140
Johns Hopkins University, 222
Johnson, Dominic, 138
judgement of learning, 145
Junco, Reynol, 189-90
K
Kagan, Jerome, 13-14
Kahneman, Daniel, 43
Kandel, Eric, 61-2
Kapersky Lab, 205
Kat, Harry, 140
Kelley, Susan, 219
Kelly, Lynne, 194
Kelowna, British Columbia, 195-7
Kemper, Thomas, 99-100
Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen, 225
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 47, 165
Kent State University, 115
Kilpatrick, Dean, 185
Kirsch, Irving, 126
Knickmeyer, Rebecca, 15
Koivisto, Mila, 131
Koriat, Asher, 146
Kornell, Nate, 145-7
Korva, Natasha, 34
Kuhl, Brice, 102
Kulic, James, 166-9
L
landmarks, 47-9
language development, 111-13
LaPaglia, Jessica, 64
Latimer, Jason, 27
Laval University, 46
Lavilléon, Gaetan de, 68
laws of association, 72
Le Doux, Joseph, 62
Letterman, David, 159
Levin, Daniel, 115
Lie Eunhui, 14
limbic-prefrontal system, 100
Lindsay, Stephen, 181-2, 231
LinkedIn, xi
Liu Xu, 69
lobotomies, 9
location cells, 69-71
Lock Haven University, 189
Locke, John, 72
Loftus, Elizabeth, 12, 96, 228, 254-5
London riots (2011), 149
London School of Economics, 47-8
London South Bank University, 135
London, Kamala, 224, 225
long-term memory, 6, 11-14, 20, 58-65, 70
long-term potentiation, 60, 62
M
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory, 112
magic shows, 27-8, 36
magical realism, 253
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 15, 57, 58, 68, 103
Magnussen, Svien, 165
Maier, Simon, 100
Making Monsters (Ofshe and Watters), 157
Malden, Massachusetts, 217
Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, The (Sacks), 148
marketing, 130-1, 144-5, 254
Markowitsch, Hans, 163
Marsh, Elizabeth, 181
Massachusetts General Hospital, 99-100
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 69, 188, 190
Mather, Mara, 39
Matrix, The, 71
maturation, 6-18
Mazzoni, Guiliana, 123
McGaugh, James, 36, 83-4, 86
media, ix, xi, xv, 15, 28-30, 110-13, 128, 130-1, 159-61, 165, 187, 189-90, 195-7, 203-6, 209, 213-15
Medical University of South Carolina, 185
mediodorsal nucleus, 16
Melby-Lervåg, Monica, 246-7
Melinder, Annika, 165
Memon, Amina, 197
memory
amnesia, 11-15, 18, 20, 26, 65-8, 89, 99-100, 162-4, 203-6, 214
and arousal, 36-42
association, 71-81, 96, 109, 119, 121, 249-53
and attention, 107-33
borrowing, 199-200, 213
change blindness, 115
childhood, xiii, 1-26, 92, 96, 109-13, 129
chunking, 10-11, 17
collaborative, 210-13
conceptual representations, 115
confabulation, 3-4, 6, 21
and conformity, 197-8, 200-3
cultural differences, 50-1
distributional information, 43-4
eidetic, 90-2
and emotion, 12-13, 36-42, 46, 50, 69, 104, 129, 159-77, 183-6
episodic, xii-xiii, 4, 11, 14, 43, 46-51, 83-90, 95-8, 100-5, 199-200
error-proneness, 79-80
false, xiii-xv, 4, 5, 12, 18-26, 32, 54-6, 57, 69-71, 74-81, 93-6, 128-33, 155-8, 159-82, 195-239
flashbulb, 165-9
forgetting, 11-15, 18, 20, 26, 37, 45, 64-8, 80, 89, 92, 99-100, 102-5, 143-7, 162-5, 203-6, 214-15
gist, 78-80, 115
hacking, 5-6, 170-5, 180-2, 247
hyperthymesia (HSAMs), 83-90, 92-8, 99, 100, 101-3
and hypnosis, 19, 107, 119-20, 123-9
impossible, 3-4, 18-26
landmarks, 47-9
long-term, 6, 11-14, 20, 58-65, 70
maturation, 6-18
merging of stimuli, 54-6, 57
metamemory, 23-6, 146, 241-4
mnemonics, 124, 247-53
as network, 68-81, 96
overconfidence, 135-47, 150, 157-8, 167, 168, 237, 243
parallel processing, 79
and perception, 27-52, 107-8
photographic, 90-2
and photographs, 180-2, 207-10
post-event information, 198
priming, 132-3
prospective, 44-6, 143-7
reminiscence bump, 50-1
repressed, 161, 163, 225, 228-33
retrieval induced forgetting, 64-5, 214
retrieval practice, 213-14
and schemas, 9, 33-6
semantic, xii, 11, 58, 100
separate recall, 79
short-term, 6-11, 17, 55, 115, 190, 245-7
and sleep, 117-22
and social media, 195-7, 203-6, 209, 213-15
source confusion, 3-4, 200
spatial information, 68, 70
spreading activation model, 95-8, 97
stamping, 58-65
state-dependent memory, 40-2
superior, 85-6
superiority illusion, 138-40
suppression of, 102-4, 161, 249
and task-switching, 189-95
temporal displacement, 48-9
training, 244-7
traumatic, 104, 129, 160-5, 175-7, 183-6, 217-39
verbal overshadowing, 177-80, 184, 186
verbatim, 78-80, 85
visual, 88, 90-2, 177, 179
and vividness, 80
wizards, 83-105
working, 7, 190, 245-7
Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology (Hermann), 73
Memory from a Broader Perspective (Searleman), 91
Memory Mechanisms (Penfield), 87
memory palaces, 252-3
merging of stimuli, 54-6, 57
metamemory, 23-6, 146, 241-4
Metropolitan Police, 148-9
mice, 69-70, 118
Michelle Remembers (Smith and P
azder), 227-9
Mickey Mouse, 20
Miles, Caroline, 12
Miller-Ott, Aimee, 194
Miller, Earl, 188, 190-2
Miller, George, 7, 10
Milner, Brenda, 88-9
mind mapping, 97-8
mindblindness, 101
minimal-value deletion, 18
Minnesota University, 23
misinformation tasks, 5-6, 93-5, 170-6, 180-2
Mississippi State University, 242
Mitchell, Jeffrey, 183
mnemonics, 124, 247-53
mnestic block syndrome, 163-4
monism, 56
Moniz, Egas, 9
monkeys, 191-2
monosodium glutamate (MSG), 117
Morgan, Charles, 176-7
Morrison, Kristin, 251
motor cortex, 88
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 110
multitasking, 188-95
N
n-back, 245-6
Nader, Karim, 62
Nahum, Louis, 3
Nakayama, Ken, 149
National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC), 225
Nature, 138
Nature Neuroscience, 69, 109
NBC (National Broadcasting Company), 159
Netherlands, 50
networks, memories as, 68-81, 96
neurons, 16, 57-61, 68-71, 88, 96, 105, 117, 190-2
biological stamping, 58-65
dendrites, 58, 59, 61, 118
electrical noise, 190
long-term potentiation, 60
networks of, 68-71
optogenetics, 70-1
plasticity, 57-8
pruning, 16
sleep, 117
synchrony, 190-2
New York Magazine, 102
New York University, 62, 102, 118, 201
New Yorker, 118
Newcombe, Nora, 14
‘No A 4 U’ (Junco and Cotton), 189
Nobel Prize, ix, 9, 61, 69, 229, 230
nodes, 73-4
nonsense syllables, 72-3
normative influences, 201-2
NPR (National Public Radio), 102
O
O’Keefe, John, 69
Obama, Barack, 58
Ofshe, Richard, 157
Oliver Sacks, 148
On Memory and Reminiscence (Aristotle), 72
optogenetics, 70-1
otherness, 154
Ottawa, Ontario, 18
out-groups, 142, 202-3
overconfidence, 135-47, 150, 157-8, 167-8, 237, 243
own-age bias, 154
own-gender bias, 154
own-race bias, 152-3, 154
P
Palmer, Matthew, 150
paradoxical sleep, 121-2
parallel processing, 79
parietal lobe, 8
parietotemporal cortex, 88
passports, 209
Patihis, Lawrence, 86, 93, 124, 232
Pazder, Lawrence, 227-9
Peace, Kristine, 164
Peek, Francis, 99
Peek, Kim, 98, 99
Penfield, Wilder, 87-90
Pennsylvania, United States, 94
Pentland, Joel, 4
perception, xiv, 27-52, 100, 107-8, 115, 128, 131-2, 148, 150, 166, 206-10
and arousal, 36-42
bottom-up processing, 32-3, 34
of colour, 28-31
and schemas, 9, 33-6
The Memory Illusion Page 28
