12 Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., Wright, R., & Mojardin, A. H. (2003). Recollection rejection: false-memory editing in children and adults. Psychological Review, 110 (4): 762.
13 Shaw, J., & Porter, S. (2015). Constructing rich false memories of committing crime. Psychological Science, 26 (3): 291–301.
14 Hyman, I. E., Husband, T. H., & Billings, F. J. (1995). False memories of childhood experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9 (3): 181–97.
15 Porter, S., Yuille, J. C., & Lehman, D. R. (1999). The nature of real, implanted, and fabricated memories for emotional childhood events: implications for the recovered memory debate. Law and Human Behavior, 23 (5): 517–37.
16 Shaw, J. (2015). True or false memory? Evidence that naïve observers have difficulty identifying false memories of emotional events, especially for audio-only accounts. Paper presentation at the annual meeting of the Society for Applied Research on Memory and Cognition, Victoria, Canada.
17 Morgan, C. A., Southwick, S., Steffian, G., Hazlett, G. A., & Loftus, E. F. (2013). Misinformation can influence memory for recently experienced, highly stressful events. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 36 (1): 11–17.
18 Schooler, J. W., & Engstler-Schooler, T. Y. (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories: some things are better left unsaid. Cognitive Psychology, 22 (1): 36–71.
19 Alogna, V. K., Attaya, M. K., Aucoin, P., Bahník, Š., Birch, S., Bornstein, B., et al. (2014). Registered replication report: Schooler & Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9 (5): 556–78.
20 Schooler & Engstler-Schooler (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories.
21 Ibid.
22 Henkel, L. A. (2011). Photograph-induced memory errors: When photographs make people claim they have done things they have not. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25 (1): 78–86.
23 Brown, A. S., & Marsh, E. J. (2008). Evoking false beliefs about autobiographical experience. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15 (1): 186–90.
24 Wade, K. A., Garry, M., Read, J. D., & Lindsay, D. S. (2002). A picture is worth a thousand lies: using false photographs to create false childhood memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (3): 597–603.
25 Lindsay, D. S., Hagen, L., Read, J. D., Wade, K. A., & Garry, M. (2004). True photographs and false memories. Psychological Science, 15 (3): 149–54.
26 Mitchell, J. T. (1983). When disaster strikes: the critical incident stress debriefing process. Journal of Emergency Medical Services 8 (1): 36–9.
27 Devilly, G. J., & Cotton, P. (2003). Psychological debriefing and the workplace: Defining a concept, controversies and guidelines for intervention. Australian Psychologist, 38 (2): 144–50.
28 Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26 (5): 537–47.
Chapter 8
1 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95256794
2 Russ, M., and Crews, D. E. (2014). A survey of multitasking behaviors in organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4 (1).
3 Junco, R., and Cotten S. R. (2012). No A 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers & Education, 59 (2): 505–14.
4 Miller, E. K., & Buschman, T. J. (2013). Brain rhythms for cognition and consciousness. Neurosciences and the Human Person: New Perspectives on Human Activities, 121, www.casinapioiv.va/content/dam/accademia/pdf/sv121/sv121-miller.pdf
5 Buschman, T. J., Denovellis, E. L., Diogo, C., Bullock, D., & Miller, E. K. (2012). Synchronous oscillatory neural ensembles for rules in the prefrontal cortex. Neuron, 76 (4): 838–46.
6 Strayer, D. L, Drews, F. A., & Crouch, D. J. (2006). A comparison of the cell phone driver and the drunk driver. Human Factors, 48 (2): 381–91.
7 Miller-Ott, A. & Kelly, L. (2015). The presence of cell phones in romantic partner face-to-face interactions: An expectancy violation theory approach. Southern Communication Journal, 80 (4): 253–70.
8 Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 54: 134–41.
9 Clark, B. F. (2013). From yearbooks to Facebook: public memory in transition. International Journal of the Book, 10 (3): 19.
10 Gabbert, F., Memon, A., & Allan, K. (2003). Memory conformity: Can eyewitnesses influence each other’s memories for an event? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17 (5): 533–43
11 Brown, A. S., Caderao, K. C., Fields, L. M. & Marsh, E. J. (2015). Borrowing personal memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29 (3): 471–7.
12 Asch, S. E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70 (9): 1–70.
13 Deutsch, M., & Gerard, H. B. (1955). A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51 (3): 629–36.
14 Ariely, D. (2008). Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
15 Mazar, N., Amir, O., & Ariely, D. (2008). The dishonesty of honest people: A theory of self-concept maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research, 45 (6): 633–44.
16 Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Raymond, P. (1991). Transactive memory in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61 (6): 923–9.
17 https://blog.kaspersky.com/digital-amnesia-survival/9194/
18 Epley, N., & Whitchurch, E. (2008). Mirror, mirror on the wall: enhancement in self-recognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34 (9): 1159–70.
19 White, D., Burton, A. L., & Kemp, R. I. (2015). Not looking yourself: The cost of self-selecting photographs for identity verification. British Journal of Psychology.
20 http://www.psy.unsw.edu.au/news-events/media/2015/07/study-we-dont-look-we-think-we-look
21 Harris, C. B., Keil, P. G., Sutton, J., Barnier, A. J., & McIlwain, D. J. (2011). We remember, we forget: collaborative remembering in older couples. Discourse Processes, 48 (4): 267–303.
22 Vredeveldt, A., Hildebrandt, A., & Van Koppen, P. J. (2015). Acknowledge, repeat, rephrase, elaborate: Witnesses can help each other remember more. Memory, 1–14.
23 Skagerberg, E. M., & Wright, D. B. (2008). The prevalence of co-witnesses and co-witness discussions in real eyewitnesses. Psychology, Crime & Law, 14 (6): 513–21.
24 Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15 (1): 20–7.
Chapter 9
1 http://archive.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/1995/03/19/questions_prompt_reexamination_of_fells_acres_sexual_abuse_case?pg=full
2 Referenced in De Young, M. (2004). The Day Care Ritual Abuse Moral Panic. McFarland.
3 Summit, R. C. (1983). The child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome. Child Abuse & Neglect, 7 (2): 177–93.
4 London, K., Bruck, M., Wright, D. B., & Ceci, S. J. (2008). Review of the contemporary literature on how children report sexual abuse to others: findings, methodological issues, and implications for forensic interviewers. Memory, 16 (1): 29–47.
5 http://www.wicca-chat.com/bos/witch/amiraults-trial.txt
6 https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/signs-symptoms-effects/
7 Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: a review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113 (1): 164–80.
8 Pazder, L., & Smith, M. (1980). Michelle Remembers. New York: Pocket Books.
9 Loftus, E. F., & Guyer, M. (2002). Who abused Jane Doe? The hazards of the single case history. Part I. Skeptical Inquirer, 26 (3): 24–32.
10 Webster, R. (1995). Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science, and Psychoanalysis. Basic
Books.
11 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/literature/
12 http://theconversation.com/explainer-what-are-false-memories-49454
13 Patihis, L., Ho, L. Y., Tingen, I. W., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Loftus, E. F. (2014). Are the ‘memory wars’ over? A scientist-practitioner gap in beliefs about repressed memory. Psychological Science, 25 (2): 519–30.
14 Cheit, R. E. (2014). The Witch-Hunt Narrative: Politics, Psychology, and the Sexual Abuse of Children. Oxford University Press.
15 Hebl, M. R., Brewer, C. L., & Benjamin Jr, L. T. (eds.). (2001). Handbook for Teaching Introductory Psychology, Vol. 2. Psychology Press.
16 http://www.innocenceproject.org/
Chapter 10
1 Hart, J. T. (1965). Memory and the feeling-of-knowing experience. Journal of Educational Psychology, 56 (4): 208–16.
2 Eakin, D. K., Hertzog, C., & Harris, W. (2014). Age invariance in semantic and episodic metamemory: both younger and older adults provide accurate feeling-of-knowing for names of faces. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 21 (1): 27–51.
3 Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105 (19): 6829–33.
4 Melby-Lervåg, M., & Hulme, C. (2013). Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 49 (2): 270–291.
5 Melby-Lervåg, M., & Hulme, C. (2015). There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is effective: A reply to Au et al.(2014) and Karbach and Verhaeghen (2014). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1–7.
6 Foer, J. (2011). Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything. Penguin Books.
7 Geraci, L., McDaniel, M. A., Miller, T. M., & Hughes, M. L. (2013). The bizarreness effect: evidence for the critical influence of retrieval processes. Memory & Cognition, 41 (8): 1228–37.
8 Morrison, K. M., Browne, B. L., & Breneiser, J. E. (2012). The effect of imagery instruction on memory. North American Journal of Psychology, 14 (2): 355–64.
9 https://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_loftus_the_fiction_of_memory/transcript?language=en
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
A
Abitz, Maja, 16
acetylcholine, 164
active system consolidation theory, 117
advertising, 130-1, 144-5, 254
AJ, 83-7
Allan, Kevin, 197
Allport, Gordon, 154
Alzheimer’s Disease, xiii, 43, 62, 164
Ambady, Nalini, 35
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 112
American Psychological Association, 39
Amin, Gaurav, 140
Amirault LeFave, Cheryl, 220-1
Amirault, Gerald, 218-25
Amirault, Violet, 220-1
amnesia, 11-15, 18, 20, 26, 65-8, 89, 99-100, 162-4, 203-6, 214
and autism, 99-100
and benzodiazepines, 65-8
childhood, 11-15, 18, 20, 26
digital, 203-6, 214
dissociative, 162-3
mnestic block syndrome, 163-4
amygdala, 63
anisomycin, 63-4
Aplysia, 61
Ariely, Dan, 202
Aristotle, 72-3, 161-2
arousal, 36-42
Arzi, Anat, 109
Asch, Solomon, 200
association, 71-81, 96, 109, 119, 121, 249-53
laws of, 72
asymmetric insight illusion, 141-3
attention, 107-33
and baby media, 110-13
and brainwashing, 129-33
change blindness, 113-16
and hypnosis, 123-9
and sleep, 107, 109, 116-22
attractiveness, 206-10
auditory lobe, 68
autism, 98-101
autobiographical memory, see episodic memory
B
babies
brain development, 15-18
impossible memories, 1-3, 18
media, 110-13
memory capacity, 3, 13
backmasking, 132-3
Bacon Brothers, 196-7
Balboa Park, San Diego, 27
Barber, Theodore, 129
Baron-Cohen, Simon, 101
Baron, Rick, 87
Baudry, Michel, 60
Bauman, Margaret, 99
Bay State Correctional Center, 220-1
Baylor University Hankamer, 195
bees, 53-6, 57
behaviourism, 53-6, 57, 61-4
Ben Gurion University, 100
benzodiazepines, 65-8
Beracochea, Daniel, 66
Berkeley, George, 51
Beyerstein, Barry, xi
biological stamping, 58-65
Birt, Angela, 161, 164
bizarreness effect, 249-53
Blais, Caroline, 152-3
blindness, 113-16
Borenstein, Isaac, 220
borrowing, 199-200, 213
Bossen (play), 211
Boston University, 129
bottom-up processing, 32-3, 34
brain, 8-9, 8, 13-18, 26, 39, 53, 56-81, 88-98, 100, 108, 117-19, 163-4, 190-2, 237
amygdala, 63
auditory lobe, 68
biological stamping, 58-65
brainwaves, 190-2
calpains, 60, 62, 63
cortical homunculus, 88
damage, xiii, 100, 118
dendrites, 58, 59, 61, 118
development of, 15-18, 26
diseases, xiii, 43, 62
engrams, 70, 75-8, 90, 96, 97, 107, 108, 117, 118, 119
frontal lobe, 8, 13
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), 66, 164
glutamate, 117-18
hippocampus, 13, 14, 70-1, 89-90, 100
HPA axis, 39
limbic-prefrontal system, 100
lobotomies, 9
long-term potentiation, 60, 62
mediodorsal nucleus, 16
minimal-value deletion, 18
mnestic block syndrome, 163-4
motor cortex, 88
neurons, 16, 57-61, 68-71, 88, 96, 105, 117, 190
nodes, 73-4
parietal lobe, 8
parietotemporal cortex, 88
pineal gland, 56
place cells, 69
prefrontal cortex, 9
prions, 62
pruning, 16-18, 117, 119
sensory cortex, 88
and sleep, 117
somatosensory cortex, 68
synapses, 16-17, 59-62, 66-7, 71, 117
temporal lobes, 88, 89-90
thalamus, 16
brain games, 244-7
Brainerd, Charles, 78
brainwashing, 129-33
Brandt, Renee, 224
Braun, Kathryn, 20
British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis (BSECH), 126
British Society of Medical and Dental Hypnosis (BSMDH), 126
Brown University, 234
Brown, Alan, 181, 199-200
Brown, Roger, 166-9
Bruck, Maggie, 222
BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), 62
Buehler, Roger, 44
Bugs Bunny, 21, 25
bumblebees, 53-6, 57
Buonomano, Dean, 96
Burgess, Cheryl and Melissa, 19
Burnett, Dean, 71
Buschman, Tim, 190-2
C
Cahill, Larry, 36
Caissie, Murray, 217-18
calcium, 118
calpains, 60, 62, 63
Cambridge Face Memory Test, 149
Cambridge University, 101
Caviness, Verne, 16
cell phones, 193-4
Chabris, Christopher, 114
Challen
ger Explosion (1986), 84, 165, 167, 169
Chan, Jason, 64
change blindness, 114-16
channelrhodopsin-2, 70
Chaplin, Chloe, 135
Charles Simon, 120
Charles, Prince of Wales, 21-2
Chechik, Gal, 18
Cheit, Ross, 234-5
childhood, childhood memories, xiii, 1-26, 92, 96, 109-13, 129
adversity, 26
amnesia, 11-15, 18, 20, 26
baby media, 110-13
brain development, 15-18, 26
confabulation, 3-4, 6
earliest memory, 2, 11-12
eidetic memory, 92
and emotion, 12-13
and hypnosis, 19-20, 129
impossible memories, 3-4, 18-26
language development, 111-12
maturation, 6-18
source confusion, 3, 4
China, 50-1
Chittka, Lars, 54-6, 57
chore wars survey, 139-40
chronesthesia, 42
chunking, 10-11, 17
City University, London, 140
Clark, Brian, 197
cognitive ecology, 54
Cohen, Nelson, 7
collaborative memory, 210-13
Collins, Allan, 96
colour, perception of, 28-31
Columbia University, 61, 131, 203
conceptual representations, 115
confabulation, 3-4, 6, 21
conformity, 197-8, 200-3
contiguity, law of, 72
contrast, law of, 72
Conway, Bevil, 29, 31
Conway, Martin, 50
Cooke, Ed, 248
Cordi, Maren, 121-2
Cornell University, 12
cortical homunculus, 88
cortisol, 39
Cotton, Peter, 184
Cotton, Shelia, 189-90
Cottoncin, Olivier, 103-4
Coventry, West Midlands, 22-3
Cozi, 139
Crews, Derek, 189
crime, criminal justice, xiv-xv, 35-6, 40, 65, 130, 135-58, 171-5, 186, 197-8, 203, 217-39, 254-5
eyewitness testimony, 36, 40, 150, 151-2, 154, 165, 186, 197-8, 203, 212, 217-39, 254
false memories, 155-8, 217-39
and groupiness, 203
guilty until proven innocent, 233-6, 238
identification, 40, 148-9, 150, 178-9
interview techniques, 170, 222-5, 235
and memory hacking, 171-5
and psychological biases, 136-7, 138, 140-1, 143, 149, 157-8
sexual abuse, 65, 155-8, 217-39
and super-recognisers, 148-9
The Memory Illusion Page 27
