The First Poets
Page 56
17. fr 432.
18. fr 348.
19. fr 429.
20. test 20.
21. test 21.
22. test 23.
23. test 7.
24. sense uncertain.
25. fr 38a.
26. fr 45.
27. fr 50.
28. fr 129.
29. Peleus, who married Thetis and fathered Achilles.
30. fr 42.
31. fr 130b.
32. fr 140.
33. fr 283.
34. fr 298.
35. fr 332.
36. fr 335.
37. fr 330.
38. fr 346.
39. fr 338.
40. fr 347a.
41. fr 358.
42. fr 406.
43. fr 366.
44. fr 333.
45. fr 341.
46. fr 360.
47. fr 364.
48. fr 434.
49. Alexandrian scholar, c. 257–180 BC.
50. fr 10b.
51. test 11.
52. fr 347b.
53. fr 307c.
54. Cf. Odyssey XI, ll. 238ff
XII SAPPHO OF ERESSUS
1. Administrator.
2. “Some say there are nine Muses: how careless! Look—Sappho of Lesbos is the tenth!” test 60.
3. Zanker, op. cit., p. 26.
4. test fr 1.
5. Athenaeus, Scholars at Dinner, test 38, attributes the statement to Menaechmus: the pectis, Menaechmus says, is the same as the magadis, an instrument with twenty strings; David A. Campbell, the editor, tells us it was Lydian or Thracian in origin.
6. David A. Campbell, Greek Lyric Poetry I: Sappho and Alcaeus (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982), p. x.
7. fr 176.
8. Campbell, op. cit., test 37.
9. fr 31.
10. fr 165.
11. fr 48.
12. fr 47.
13. fr 44a.
14. The Aeolic dactylic tetrameter acatalectic.
15. fr 130.
16. J. M. Edmonds, Elegy and Iambus II (London, 1931), p. 109.
17. Aelian, quoted in Stobaeus, Anthology, in Campbell, op. cit., p. 13.
18. François Lissarrague, Greek Vases: The Athenians and Their Images (New York, 1999, 2001).
19. See p. 58, this volume, on Hermes’ lyre.
20. fr 54.
21. fr 100.
22. fr 101.
23. fr 177.
24. fr 179.
25. fr 53.
26. fr 123.
27. fr 44.
28. fr 55.
29. fr 155.
30. fr 104a.
31. fr 105a.
32. fr 128.
33. fr 156.
34. fr 146.
35. test 42.
36. Swinburne, “Anactoria,” ll. 11–16.
37. Kurke, op. cit., pp. 75ff.
38. Some accounts make her slightly older than he.
39. fr 98, preserved on the very earliest papyrus, from the third century BC.
40. fr 132.
41. fr 210.
42. fr 203.
43. In several poems, cf. 213, series of fragments.
44. See Herodotus, op. cit., II 135. He confuses Doricha with Rhodopis. “Rhodopis really arrived in Egypt under the conduct of Xantheus the Samian; she was brought there to exercise her trade, but was redeemed for a vast sum by Charaxus, a Mytilenaean, the son of Scamandronymus, and brother of Sappho the poetess. After thus obtaining her freedom, she remained in Egypt, and, as she was very beautiful, amassed great wealth, for a person in her condition; not, however, enough to enable her to erect such a work as this pyramid. Anyone who likes may go and see to what the tenth part of her wealth amounted, and he will thereby learn that her riches must not be imagined to have been very wonderfully great. Wishing to leave a memorial of herself in Greece, she determined to have something made the like of which was not to be found in any temple, and to offer it at the shrine at Delphi. So she set apart a tenth of her possessions, and purchased with the money a quantity of iron spits, such as are fit for roasting oxen whole, whereof she made a present to the oracle. They are still to be seen there, lying of a heap, behind the altar which the Chians dedicated, opposite the sanctuary. Naucratis seems somehow to be the place where such women are most attractive. First there was this Rhodopis of whom we have been speaking, so celebrated a person that her name came to be familiar to all the Greeks; and, afterwards, there was another, called Archidice, notorious throughout Greece, though not so much talked of as her predecessor. Charaxus, after ransoming Rhodopis, returned to Mytilene, and was often lashed by Sappho in her poetry. But enough has been said on the subject of this courtesan.”
45. Photius; see fr 202.
46. See pp. 191–2.
47. frs 71, 98b, 213.
48. Campbell, op. cit., fr 2, p.7.
49. test 21.
50. fr 28.
51. fr 16.
52. test 34: “Boyish Sappho modifies Archilochus’ muse by her choice of metre …” (Horace, Epistles).
53. Campbell, op. cit., p. 20.
54. fr 168b.
55. cit., p. xii, referring to Himerus: test 50.
56. test 7.
57. test 4.
58. fr 211 b.
59. test 20, fr 155.
60. test fr 2.
61. fr 140.
62. Kurke, op. cit., p. 75.
63. test 51.
64. Alcaeus, fr 384.
XIII THEOGNIS OF MEGARA
1. “Good, brave.”
2. Pausanias, Volume I, op. cit., p. 120.
3. Edmonds I, op. cit., “The Elegiac Poems of Theognis,” ll. 11–14.
4. Pausanias, Volume I, op. cit., p. 115.
5. Kurke, op. cit., pp. 72–3.
6. Eva Cantarella and Cormac Ocuilleanain, Bisexuality in the Ancient World (New Haven, 1994), pp. 13f.
7. Edmonds I, op. cit., “The Elegiac Poems of Theognis,” ll. 19–26.
8. Ibid., ll. 1219–1220.
9. Ibid., ll. 248–254.
10. Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry, p. 291.
11. kakoi.
12. agathoi.
13. Edmonds I, op. cit., ll. 31–37.
14. agathoi.
15. kakoi.
16. Edmonds I, op. cit., ll. 53–60.
17. Ibid., ll. 129–130.
18. It is November.
19. Edmonds I, op. cit., ll. 1197–1202. The reading of the fragmented last line is uncertain, so I have left it blank.
XIV SOLON OF ATHENS
1. Jowett translation.
2. Thucydides does not mention him at all.
3. From fr 13.
4. fr 13.
5. Lexicon, p. 105.
6. Edmonds I, op. cit., p. 137, fr 22.
7. Cantarella, op. cit.
8. fr 25.
9. Burckhardt, op. cit., p. 82.
10. frs 13 and 23.
11. fr 31.
12. fr 1.
13. Lefkowitz, op. cit., pp. 40–48.
14. Taplin, Literature in the Greek and Roman Worlds, p. 159.
15. Ibid., p. 160.
16. See p. 239.
17. Betty Radice, “The Sayings of the Seven Sages of Greece,” The Translator’s Art (Harmondsworth, 1987).
18. frs 83–4, in Lefkowitz, op. cit., p. 46f.
19. OED: archon was the chief magistrate or, after Solon’s time, one of the nine chief magistrates of Athens. Liddell and Scott say archon is “ruler, commander, chief, captain.”
20. Lefkowitz, op. cit., p. 43.
21. From fr 36.
22. Ibid.
23. Edmonds I, op. cit., fr 5, p. 121.
24. Lefkowitz, op. cit., pp. 40–8.
25. Edmonds I, op. cit., fr 7, p. 123.
26. fr 30.
27. Herodotus, op. cit.
28. Lefkowitz, op. cit., pp. 43–8, Edmonds I, op. cit., p. 111.
29. Longevity, p. 109.
30. fr 10,
Edmonds I, op. cit., p. 125.
31. fr 41.
32. Kurke, op. cit., p. 71.
33. Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry.
34. Edmonds I, op. cit., fr 14.
35. fr 28 a.
36. fr 29.
XV STESICHORUS OF HIMERA
1. David A. Campbell, Greek Lyric Poetry III (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1991), Stesichorus, fr 270, note.
2. test 23.
3. See p. 170.
4. test 1.
5. test 24, from the Palatine Anthology, attributed to Antipater of Thessalonica.
6. test 1.
7. test 40.
8. test 44. His verses are quoted in the Palatine Anthology.
9. See p. 117.
10. test 10.
11. test 11.
12. test 15.
13. Lefkowitz, op. cit., p. 31ff.
14. fr 276.
15. test 16.
16. fr 212.
17. test 20.
18. test 22.
19. test 21.
20. Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry, pp. 76ff.
21. Bowra, op. cit., p. 82.
22. Ibid., pp. 84–5.
23. Ibid., p. 87.
24. Campbell, op. cit., p. 4.
25. Kurke, op. cit., p. 80.
26. Bowra, op. cit., p. 127.
27. test 28.
28. test 29.
29. test 41.
30. test 41.
31. test 42.
32. ferox.
33. Kurke, op. cit., p. 80.
34. Anne Carson, Autobiography of Red (London, 1999), p. 5.
35. fr S15(ii).
36. fr 221.
37. fr 189.
38. test 1.
39. test 30.
40. Bowra, op. cit., p. 120.
XVI IBYCUS OF RHEGION
1. David A. Campbell, Greek Lyric Poetry III: From Alcman to Simonides (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1991), test 14.
2. “At the outset he divided the state into three parts, and shared the kingdom with his brothers, Pantagnotus and Syloson; but later, having killed the former and banished the latter, who was the younger of the two, he held the whole island.” Herodotus, op. cit., Book III.
3. Ibid.
4. Grant, op. cit., pp. 154–5.
5. test 1.
6. fr 282.
7. test 8.
8. fr 287.
9. fr 286.
10. fr 287.
11. test 7.
12. Eelides: test 2.
13. Bowra, op. cit., p. 241.
14. fr 331 (the reference dates from more than nine hundred years after the poet’s death).
15. test 1.
16. test 12.
17. fr 288.
18. fr 315.
19. fr 317.
20. Bowra, op. cit., p. 241.
21. fr 343.
22. fr 285. Heracles kills the conjoined twins, children of Molione (here two heads on one body, as in Hesiod, not in Homer, where they are twins but not joined; “… and I killed those white-horsed youths, the children of Molione, like-aged, equal-headed, single-bodied, both born in a silver egg.”
23. fr 291.
24. fr 321.
25. fr 323.
26. test 9.
27. test 5.
28. test 6.
XVII ANACREON OF TEOS
1. fr 402.
2. Davenport, Seven Greeks, p. 15.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Anacreontea 10.
6. Anacreontea 15.
7. Anacreontea 25.
8. Anacreontea 14.
9. Anacreontea 1.
10. Anacreontea 50.
11. Anacreontea 2. chord: string.
12. Anacreontea 23.
13. Anacreontea 4.
14. Robert Herrick, “To Live Merrily, and to Trust to Good Verses.”
15. Anacreontea 16 and 17.
16. Gilbert Murray, A History of Greek Literature (New York, 1897), pp. 90–95.
17. fr 376.
18. Davenport, op. cit., p. 142.
19. fr 359.
20. Fowler, op. cit., p. 180.
21. fr 424.
22. frs 372, 388.
23. Davenport, op. cit., p. 143.
24. Bowra, op. cit., pp. 298–9.
25. Bowra, op. cit., p. 303.
26. fr 396.
27. Campbell, Greek Lyric II, p. 81.
28. fr 496.
29. test 7.
30. fr 346.
31. fr 408.
32. fr 358.
33. fr 414.
34. fr 347.
35. Bowra, op. cit., p. 277.
36. fr 398.
37. fr 403.
38. 394b.
39. Bowra, op. cit., p. 296.
40. fr 360.
41. fr 356.
42. fr 378.
43. fr 357.
44. fr 407.
45. fr 413.
46. fr 494.
47. fr 444, extract from Plutarch, Dialogue on Love.
48. fr 428.
49. fr 500, Lucian, also Campbell, Greek Lyric III, Simonides Epitaph LXVI, p. 577.
50. Murray, Early Greece, pp. 90–95.
51. Lesky, op. cit., p. 176.
52. elegiac frs, elegiac 2 (p. 147).
53. fr 79.
54. Lesky, op. cit., p. 176.
55. test 18.
56. Bowra, op. cit., p. 269.
57. fr 458.
58. fr 488.
59. test 20.
60. Hazlitt assigns Protagoras’ birth to Teos.
61. Lesky, op. cit., pp. 174ff.
62. Epigrams, fr 100D.
63. fr 419.
64. Davenport, op. cit., 80, p. 148.
65. Mulroy, op. cit., p. 133.
66. Fowler, op. cit., p. 188.
67. fr 417.
68. fr 411 b.
69. e.g., frs 385, 432.
70. fr 389.
71. fr 446.
72. fr 439.
73. fr 448.
74. fr 491, Himerius.
75. Herodotus, op. cit., Book III, Histories.
76. Bowra, op. cit., p. 307.
77. The five volumes of Anacreon’s verse were probably presented to Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony and Octavia, mother of Germanicus and the emperor Claudius. The oeuvre must have contained edifying as well as delighting verse; it is worth noting that the delighting verse has survived while the edifying has perished.
78. Kurke, op. cit., pp. 78f.
79. Grant, op. cit., pp. 154–5.
80. Lattimore, op. cit., p. 45.
81. Pausanias, Volume I, op. cit., p. 70.
82. Zanker, op. cit., pp. 22–31.
83. fr 373.
84. Zanker, op. cit., p. 28.
85. fr 363.
86. fr 395.
87. fr 361.
88. test 12.
89. test 11.
XVIII HIPPONAX OF EPHESUS
1. Gerber, op. cit., p. 345.
2. Zanker, op. cit.
3. Gerber, op. cit., p. 349, test 9.
4. fr 2.
5. fr 174.
6. fr 88.
7. fr 114c.
8. Lesky, op. cit., p. 115.
9. fr 35.
10. Athenaeus, Scholars at Dinner.
11. fr 42.
12. fr 29a (Gerber’s translation).
13. See page 58.
14. fr 32.
15. After Hipponax’s invective was said to have killed them, statues by them appeared in Delos and elsewhere.
16. Burckhardt, op. cit., p. 73.
17. frs 120–121.
18. fr 12.
19. fr 70.
20. fr 17.
21. fr 84.
22. Burckhardt, op. cit., p. 72.
23. fr 183.
24. fr 57.
25. fr 61.
26. frs 32 and 34.
27. fr 116.
28. fr 114a.
29. fr 78 may include parody of
a rite to cure impotence.
30. Gerber, op. cit., p. 8.
31. Bowra, Landmarks in Greek Literature, p. 70.
32. fr 135.
33. Lesky, op. cit., p. 115.
34. See fragment 92.
XIX SIMONIDES OF COS
1. Werner Jaeger, Paideia: The Ideal of Greek Culture, Volume I, trans. Gilbert Highet, (Oxford, 1986), p. 213.
2. Gerber, op. cit., pp. 296, 298.
3. The Greek word rhemata should be rendered “orders,” as in “military orders,” not “laws.”
4. Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry, p. 319.
5. test 1. Bowra suggests that Simonides’ dithyrambs may have been, like Bacchylides’ Ode XVIII, though choral in structure, a transitional form towards the tragic.
6. test 13.
7. Taplin, op. cit., p. 8.
8. test 3. Simonides was of the deme (township, in ancient Greece, or “division”) called Hylichidai (Bowra, op. cit., p. 309).
9. Jay, op. cit., p. 40.
10. Epigram LXXV (a) and (b).
11. Lefkowitz, op. cit., p. 56.
12. Epigram VI, p. 524.
13. test 10.
14. Campbell, Greek Lyric III, p. 299, fr 3.
15. test 22 (Lefkowitz, op. cit., p. 52).
16. test 22.
17. test 23.
18. Apothegms, test 47(d).
19. test 11 (Tzetzes), Epigram XXVII (from the Palatine Anthology).
20. Epigram I, from Hephaestion, Handbook on Metres, Campbell, Greek Lyric III, p. 521. Mulroy op. cit., p. 143. This is quoted by Hephaestion, criticising the way Simonides ends the line with half a word, following on with the rest, an odd enjambement.
21. Mulroy, op. cit., p. 139.
22. fr 515.
23. Epigram LXIX, p. 581.
24. fr 562.
25. test 2.
26. See p. 225, this volume.
27. See p. 347, thisvolume.
28. Mulroy, op. cit., p. 135.
29. test 26.
30. test 25.
31. Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry, p. 309.
32. fr 509.
33. See pp. 272–83, this volume, for a fuller account of the epinicean tradition.
34. Bowra, op. cit., p. 311.
35. Ibid., p. 324.
36. 47(a) and 47(b).
37. fr 600 (Campbell translation).
38. fr 516.
39. fr 517.
40. fr 550.
41. fr 585.
42. fr 586.
43. fr 597.
44. fr 583.
45. fr 625.
46. fr 521.
47. test 40.
48. Lefkowitz, op. cit., p. 50.
49. Ibid., p. 56.
50. Epigram XXVIa, p. 545.
51. Callimachus, p. 47, in Campbell fr 510, and quoted from Cicero, On the Orator, and Quintilian’s Principles of Oratory.
52. Lefkowitz, op. cit., p. 55.
53. Bowra, op. cit., pp. 325f.