Carr, Nicholas. The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010.
Cokinos, Christopher. Hope Is the Thing with Feathers: A Personal Chronicle of Vanished Birds. New York: Warner Books, 2000.
Dowie, Mark. Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Year Conflict Between Global Conservation and Native Peoples. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.
Eiseley, Loren. The Unexpected Universe. Boston: Harcourt Brace, 1969.
Glavin, Terry. The Sixth Extinction: Journeys Among the Lost and Left Behind. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2007.
Keizer, Garret. The Unwanted Sound of Everything We Want: A Book About Noise. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010.
Krause, Bernie. Wild Soundscapes: Discovering the Voice of the Natural World. Berkeley, CA: Wilderness Press, 2002.
Langone, Michael D. Recovery from Cults: Help for Victims of Psychological and Spiritual Abuse. New York: W. W. Norton, 1995.
Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac. 1949. Reprint, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Louv, Richard. Last Child in the Woods. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2008.
Mathieu, W. A. The Listening Book. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1991.
McKibben, Bill. The Age of Missing Information. New York: Random House, 2006.
Mithen, Steven. The Singing Neanderthals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.
Muir, John. The Mountains of California. 1894. Reprint, Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2010.
Perlin, John. A Forest Journey: The Role of Wood in the Development of Civilization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.
Piaget, Jean. The Language and Thought of the Child. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1926.
Pinker, Steven. How the Mind Works. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.
———. The Language Instinct. New York: William Morrow, 1994.
Proust, Marcel. Swann’s Way. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Robbins, Martha M., Pascale Sicotte, and Kelly J. Stewart. Mountain Gorillas: Three Decades of Research at Karisoke. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Sacks, Oliver. Musicophilia. New York: Vintage Books, 2008.
Sarno, Louis. Bayaka: The Extraordinary Music of the Babenzélé Pygmies. Roslyn, NY: Ellipsis Arts, 1996.
Shepard, Paul. The Others: How Animals Made Us Human. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1996.
Small, Christopher. Musicking. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1998.
Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and the Culture of Listening in America, 1900–1933. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.
Truax, Barry, ed. Handbook for Acoustic Ecology, series ed. R. Murray Schafer. Vancouver: ARC Publications, 1978.
van Gulik, Robert. The Gibbon in China: An Essay in Chinese Animal Lore. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1967.
Wallin, Nils, Björn Merker, and Steven Brown, eds. The Origins of Music. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001.
Wallon, Henri. De l’Acte à la Pensée. Paris: Flammarion, 1942.
Weisman, Alan. The World Without Us. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2007.
Williams, Terry Tempest. Finding Beauty in a Broken World. New York: Pantheon Books, 2008.
Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.
Periodicals
Andrews, Mark A. W. “How Does Background Noise Affect Our Concentration?” Scientific American, January 4, 2010.
Balcomb, Kenneth. “Letter to J. S. Johnson, SURTASS LFA Sonar OEIS/EIS Program Manager,” February 23, 2001. Published with permission.
Barber, Jesse R., Kevin R. Crooks, and Kurt M. Fristrup. “Animal Listening Area and Alerting Distance Reduced Substantially By Moderate Human Noise.” Trends In Ecology and Evolution (forthcoming).
———. “The Costs of Chronic Noise Exposure for Terrestrial Organisms.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25, no. 3 (2009).
Beal, Timothy. “In the Beginning(s): Appreciating the Complexity of the Bible.” Huffington Post, February 15, 2011.
Benzon, William L. “Synch, Song, and Society.” Human Nature Review 5 (2005).
Burros, Marian. “De Gustibus; Restaurant Noise: Does It Spoil a Good Meal?” New York Times, October 29, 1983.
Conard, Nicholas J., Maria Malina, and Susanne C. Münzel. “New Flutes Document the Earliest Musical Tradition in Southwestern Germany.” Nature, June 26, 2009. doi:10.1038/nature08169.
Creel, Scott et al. “Snowmobile Activity and Glucocorticoid Stress Responses in Wild Wolves and Elk.” Conservation Biology, 2002.
Crocker, Malcolm J., ed. “Surface Transportation Noise.” Encyclopedia of Acoustics, 1997.
Dickinson, Tim. “The 10 Worst Congressmen.” Rolling Stone, October 17, 2006.
Foote, Andrew D. et al. “Killer Whales Are Capable of Vocal Learning.” Biology Letters. doi:10.1098/rebl.2006.0525, http://www.orcanetwork.org/nathist/vocallearnbiolett.pdf.
Frere-Jones, Sasha. “Noise Control.” The New Yorker, May 24, 2010.
Fritschi, Lin et al. “Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise: Quantification of Healthy Life Years Lost in Europe.” World Health Organization publication, March 2011.
Gabriele, Christine M., and Tracy E. Hart. “Population Characteristics of Humpback Whales in Glacier Bay and Adjacent Waters: 2000.” National Park Service report.
Gage, Stuart, and Bernie Krause. “Testing Biophony as an Indicator of Habitat Fitness and Dynamics.” National Park Service report, February 2002.
Graham, Sarah. “Satellites Spy Changes to Earth’s Magnetic Field.” Scientific American, April 11, 2002, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=satellites-spy-changes-to.
Hinerfeld, Daniel, and Andrew Wetzler. “Federal Court Restricts Global Deployment of Navy Sonar.” Media Center, NRDC, August 26, 2003, http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressreleases/030826.asp.
Intagliata, Christopher. “Restaurant Noise Can Alter Food Taste.” Scientific American, October 18, 2010.
Ising, H., and B. Kruppa. “Health Effects Caused by Noise: Evidence in the Literature from the Past 25 Years.” Noise and Health, 2004.
Jones, Douglas, and Rama Ratnam. “Blind Location and Separation of Callers in a Natural Chorus Using a Microphone Array.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126, no. 2 (August 2009).
Jurasz, Charles M., and V. P. Palmer. “Distribution and Characteristic Responses of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska, 1973–1979.” National Park Service report, Anchorage, Alaska.
Keim, Brandon. “Baby Got Beat: Music May Be Inborn.” Wired.com, January 26, 2009, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/01/babybeats.
Kjellberg, Anders, Per Muhr, and Björn Sköldström. “Fatigue After Work in Noise—An Epidemiological Survey and Three Quasi-experimental Field Studies.” Noise and Health 1, no. 1 (1998).
Klatte, Maria, Thomas Lachmann, and Markus Meis. “Effects of Noise and Reverberation on Speech Perception and Listening Comprehension of Children and Adults in a Classroom-like Setting.” Noise and Health 12, no. 49 (2010).
Krause, Bernie. “Bioacoustics, Habitat Ambience in Ecological Balance.” Whole Earth Review, winter 1987.
———. “Loss of Natural Soundscape: Global Implications of Its Effect on Humans and Other Creatures.” Speech presented before San Francisco World Affairs Council and NPR, January 31, 2000.
Mâche, François-Bernard. “The Necessity of and Problems with a Universal Musicology,” The Origins of Music, ed. Nils L. Wallin et al. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.
Marean, Curtis W. et al. “Early Human Use of Marine Resources and Pigment in South Africa During the Middle Pleistocene.” Nature 449, October 18, 2007.
Marler, Peter. “Animal Communication Signals.” Science 157, no. 3790 (August 1967).
———. “Origins of Music and Speech: Insights from Animals.” The Origins of Music, ed. Nils L. Wallin et al. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.
McLean, Sheela. “Work of Pioneering Whale Researcher Provides Longest Record on Humpbacks.” NOAA newsletter, May 14, 2007.
Merker, Björn H., Guy S. Madison, and Patricia Eckerdal. “On the Role and Origin of Isochrony in Human Rhythmic Entrainment.” Elsevier, ScienceDirect, www.sciencedirect.com.
Mitani, John, and Peter Marler. “A Phonological Analysis of Male Gibbon Singing Behaviour.” Behaviour, 1989.
Motavalli, Jim. “Hybrid Cars May Include Fake Vroom for Safety.” New York Times, October 14, 2009.
Napoletano, Brian. “Biophysical and Politico-Economic Determinants of Biodiversity Trends.” PhD diss., Purdue University, 2011 (forthcoming).
Patel, Aniruddh D. et al. “Experimental Evidence for Synchronization to a Musical Beat in a Non-Human Animal.” Current Biology 19 (May 26, 2009).
Philipp, Robin. “Aesthetic Quality of the Built and Natural Environment: Why Does It Matter?” Green Cities: Blue Cities of Europe, eds. Walter Pasini and Franco Rusticali. Rimini, Italy: WHO Collaborating Centre for Tourist Health and Travel Medicine, 2001.
Raloff, Janet. “Noise and Stress in Humans.” Science News 121 (June 5, 1982).
Richtel, Matt. “Hooked on Gadgets, and Paying a Mental Price.” New York Times, June 6, 2010.
Rideout, Victoria J., Ulla G. Foehr, and Donald F. Roberts. “Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds,” January 2010, http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/8010.pdf.
Ritters, Kurt H., and James D. Wickham. “How Far to the Nearest Road?” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1 (2003).
Sietsema, Tom. “No Appetite for Noise.” Washington Post Magazine, April 5, 2008.
Slabbekoorn, Hans. “A Noisy Spring: The Impact of Globally Rising Underwater Sound Levels on Fish.” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2010 (forthcoming).
Suter, Alice H. “Noise and Its Effects.” Administrative Conference of the United States, November 1991, http://www.nonoise.org/library/suter/suter.htm. Accessed October 10, 2006.
ter Hofstede, Hannah M., and Holger Goerlitz. “Barbastella barbastellus: ‘Whispering’ bat Echolocation Tricks Moths.” Science Codex, August 19, 2010, http://www.sciencecodex.com/barbastella_barbastellus_whispering_bat_
echolocation_tricks_moths.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). “‘Garden of Eden’ in Southern Iraq Likely to Disappear Completely in Five Years Unless Urgent Action Taken,” March 22, 2003, http://www.grid.unep.ch/activities/sustainable/tigris/2003_march.php.
Verzijden, Machteld N. et al. “Sounds of Male Lake Victoria Cichlids Vary Within and Between Species and Affect Female Mate Preferences.” Behavioral Ecology 21 (2010).
White, Tim et al. “Macrovertebrate Paleontology and the Pliocene Habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus.” Science 326 (2009).
Audio
Beaver, Paul, and Bernie Krause. All Good Men. Warner Brothers Records, 1973.
———. Into a Wild Sanctuary. Warner Brothers Records, 1970.
———. The Nonesuch Guide to Electronic Music. Nonesuch Records, 1968.
Dugan, Dan. Muir Woods recording.
Krause, Bernie. World soundscape collection, http://www.wildsanctuary.mobi/buy/index.php?route=product/category&path=36.
Monacchi, David. “Nightingale” excerpt, http://www.earthear.com/ecoacoustic.html.
Olson, Curt. Wounded beaver recording.
Parker, Ted III. Common potoo and musician wren recordings.
Sarno, Louis. Bayaka: The Extraordinary Music of the Babenzélé Pygmies. Ellipsis Arts, 1996.
Schafer, R. Murray. Once on a Windy Night, www.patria.org/arcana.
———. “Winter Diary.” Angewandte Musik [B] Musik Für Radio: Das Studio Akustische Kunst Des WDR, RCA Red Seal, Catalog # 74321 73522 2, 2001, Track 11.
Wilson, Elizabeth. Nez Percé Stories, Wild Sanctuary, 1991, http://www.wildsanctuary.mobi/buy/index.php?route=product/product&path=39&product_id=93.
Main Bioacoustic Websites and Chat Groups
British Library of Wildlife Sounds: http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelprestype/sound/wildsounds/wildlife.html
Macaulay Library (Cornell University): http://www.birds.cornell.edu/page.aspx?pid=1676
Michigan State University Envirosonics program: http://www.cevl.msu.edu/envirosonics
[email protected]
[email protected]
Purdue University Department of Forestry and Natural Resources: http://www.ag.purdue.edu/fnr/Pages/default.aspx
Wild Sanctuary: http://www.wildsanctuary.com
World Forum for Acoustic Ecology: http://wfae.proscenia.net/
World Listening Project: [email protected]
Index
Note: Italic page numbers refer to figures.
acoustic cues, in biophony, 66–67, 246–47
acoustic envelope, 22, 25–26
acoustic mapping, 100–03
acoustics
of glacial ice sounds, 49–50
of landscape, 27–30, 41–42
of marine habitats, 30–31, 45, 177, 252
study of, 19–21, 22
of vegetation, 27–28
active noise control (ANC), 172–73
Ahwahneechee Paiutes, 144
Allen, Arthur, 34
Allen, Woody, 84
Altman, Robert, 53
AmbiSonic, 151, 251
Ampex, 32
amphibians, 5, 53, 87, 96, 98. See also frogs and toads
amplitude
of animal sounds, 25, 58–59
and hearing, 24–25
measurement of, 24
of snapping shrimp, 25, 96, 244
as sound characteristic, 18, 22
of thunder, 25, 46
amplitude modulation, 103
analog synthesizers, 23, 109–10
animals. See also amphibians; mammals; reptiles
and acoustic features of landscape, 29–30
decoding sounds, 64–65
detection of sound, 61
ear structure of, 60–61, 62
effect of anthrophony on, 187–88, 193
effect of weather changes on, 47
hearing mechanisms of, 60–64
hearing ranges of, 22
scientific study of, 143
animal sounds. See also biophony
amplitude of, 25, 58–59
effect of geophony on, 39, 45
emotional expression in, 116–18
in prehistoric time, 3–5
social function of, 59–60, 94–97, 115–16
vocal range of, 21
Antarctic, 213
anthrophony
as cause of noise, 157–58, 181
effect on biophony, 180–81, 182, 183–88, 192–93, 199, 203, 214
effect on birds, 155–56, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188
effect on fish, 188, 190, 191–92
effect on mammals, 185, 187–88
effect on marine mammals, 188–92
effect on natural soundscapes, 80, 155–56, 195, 203–04, 254
effect on whales, 188–91
Aperture Foundation, 89
Aquinas, Thomas, 142
architecture, 142–43, 173
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 214, 230–33, 255
Aristotle, 19
audiotape, 32–33, 185–86, 244
avalanches, 50
Ayahuasca, 128
Aztecs, 129
Ba’Aka (Babenzélé pygmies)
effect of noise on, 162
impact of neocolonial contact, 134–35, 141, 200
music of, 104, 130–32, 134, 135, 141
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 28
Balcomb, Ken, 190, 253
Banks, Allison, 191, 253
Baptista, Luis, 177–78, 249
Barber, Jesse, 192
Bartók, Béla, 153
Bateson, Gregory, 156
Beatles, 122–23
Beaver, Paul, 13–14, 16–17, 19, 23, 109–10, 136
beaver recording, 117–18, 250
Beethoven, Ludwig van, Sixth Symphony, 145
Benzon, William, 119
Berendt, Joachim-Ernst, The Third Ear, 160
Berkeley, George, 222–23
Bierce, Ambrose, 157
bioacoustics
and acoustic partitioning, 249
indicators of, 73–74, 81
information versus uncorrelated acoustic debris, 160
and music, 152
research in, 252–53
and territorial limits of boundaries, 100
biomes
anthrophony in, 184, 185, 186–87, 188
bioacoustic sequences and patterns of, 78–80, 104, 151, 153, 231, 249
borders of, 101
changes in, 210–11
comparison of, 74, 76
density and diversity of, 75, 79, 80, 97, 102–03
health of, 80, 81, 211
biomusicology, 113
biophony
as acoustic guide, 66–67, 246–47
as adaptive behavior, 96–97
animal communication in, 94–97
archive of, 81, 83, 124, 149, 186, 203, 204, 210, 229, 243
bandwidth of, 94, 98–99, 103
bioacoustic boundaries of, 100–02
changes recorded in, 74, 78–80
connection with music, 105, 111
as context for animal vocalization, 112
definition of, 68
effect of anthrophony on, 180–81, 182, 183–88, 192–93, 199, 203, 214
of healthy habitats, 79–80, 94, 97, 126, 223–24
holistic sense of, 112
human knowledge of, 104–05, 130–31, 137
interpreting cues in, 89
landscape factors affecting, 75–77, 139, 153
partitioned voices of, 84, 88, 98–99, 102, 103, 124, 127, 151, 248, 249, 250
pentatonic scale reflecting, 128
as proto-orchestra, 84–88, 97, 99, 152–53, 186, 207, 236, 250
radius of, 99–100
seasonal factors affecting, 78, 210
in soundscapes, 80
time factors affecting, 77–78, 126, 210, 222, 224
uniqueness of, 104
variations in density of, 211, 212–13
birds
and acoustic features of landscape, 29–30
effect of anthrophony on, 155–56, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188
effect of weather on, 47
The Great Animal Orchestra Page 24
