The above issue, page 6, set forth the Founding Declaration of YSA. This declaration stated that the YSA recognized the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) as the only existing political leadership on class struggle principles, and that the supporters of the YS have come into basic political solidarity with the SWP on the principles of revolutionary socialism.
A source advised on May 7, 1965, that the original YSA was an organization formed during October, 1957, in New York City by youth of various left socialist tendencies, particularly members and followers of the SWP. The leaders of this group were the guiding forces in the establishment of the national organization.
The source further advised on May 7, 1965, that the YSA is dominated and controlled on a national basis by the SWP through having SWP members comprise exclusively the National Executive Committee (NEC) and through an official SWP representative at all YSA NEC meetings. The YSA, in reality, is the youth and training section of the SWP and the Maln source of new SWP members.
The headquarters of the YSA are located in Room 631, 41 Union Square West, New York City.
The SWP has been designated pursuant to Executive Order 10450.
Y. Young Socialist Club of Wayne County (YSC)
also known as Wayne University Young Socialist Club;
Wayne Young Socialist Club;
Young Socialist Club
A source advised in 1955, 1956 and 1957, that the Young Socialist Club of Wayne County, also known as Wayne University Young Socialist Club (YSC), was organized on the campus of the Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, in the fall of 1954, through the efforts of the Detroit Branch, Socialist Workers Party (SWP). As a result of the University’s action in banning the YSC from campus in the spring of 1956, the YSC adopted the name Young Socialist Club of Wayne County and continued to function by using the facilities of the SWP for its headquarters.
This source advised that the YSC has been controlled and directed by members of the SWP from its inception to the present time. The purpose of the YSC was to afford the SWP an opportunity to make contacts, recruit members in the SWP, and spread propaganda among the students and other young people.
The constitution of the YSC states its purpose “shall be to unite young students, workers, and members of minority groups who wish to build and participate in an independent, militant, socialist group. It shall engage in a broad program of political, educational, and social activities, bringing socialist ideas to young people in an atmosphere of free and open discussion.”
Another source advised on August 20, 1958, that the YSC was officially dissolved on August 18, 3958, as a tactical move by the youth faction of the Detroit Branch SWP.
The SWP has been designated pursuant to Executive Order 10450.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book benefited greatly from the research conducted by members of the Malcolm X seminar I taught at Stanford during the spring of 1991. I wish to thank Leslie Alexander, Kwame Anku, DoBee Ferrell, Michael Friedly, Elizabeth Haydel, Laurie McLean, Antoinette Rogers, Dionne Scott, and Eric Young. Seminar member Heidi Hess made a special contribution to this research effort by volunteering to continue work after the academic year.
I also appreciate the assistance and intellectual stimulation I received from Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project staff members and summer interns at Stanford. Andre Namphy of Harvard University worked closely with me as a research assistant during the final stages of manuscript preparation. I also received valuable assistance from King Project interns Brian Woods of Emory University, Holly Bass of Sarah Lawrence College, Theresa Napson of American University; Pamela Nadsen of Columbia University; Audia Wells of Emory University, and Michele Mitchell of Northwestern University. Finally, as always, I benefited from the stimulating comments, critical and supportive, of King Project staff members, namely Stewart Burns, Pete Holloran, Susan Carson, Karl Knapper, Megan Maxwell, and Virginia Shadron.
Index
Accra, Ghana, 326–27
ACT, 276
Adams, John, 271, 325
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 79, 335–37
Adefumi, Baba Oseijetnan, 422, 444
Africa, tour of, 273, 305, 308
see also individual names of cities and countries
African-American advancement, 32
African Liberation Demonstration Day, 463
African Summit Conference, 78, 79
Afro-American Broadcasting and Recording Company, 355
Ali, John, 70, 321, 325
Ali, Muhammad: See Clay, Cassius
Allah Temple of Islam.’ See Muslim Cult of Islam
American Nazi Party, 194, 486–87
“The American Negro: Problems and Solutions” (program), 200–203
American Youth for Democracy, 115
Amsterdam News: See New York Amsterdam News
Assassination, Malcolm X, 83, 360–76, 398–405, 426–31
investigation of, 85, 377–78, 412–19
trial concerning, 432–42
“The Assassination of Malcolm X: Unanswered Questions and the Trial”, FBI review of, 450–51
Association of Ghanaian Journalists, 326
Audubon Ballroom in New York, 76
Malcolm X shot at, 83
OAAU rally at, 40, 82–83
The Autobiography of Malcolm X (Haley), 19, 85
Awolowo, Akiyele, 422, 444
AYD: See Crispus Attucks Club of the American Youth for Democracy
Baldwin, James, 68
Baldwin, Lewis V., 33
Bandung Conference of Negro Leaders, 174–75
Bulkhead, Tallulah, 130
Baraka, Imamu: See Jones, Le Roi
Barnes, Jack, 81, 85
“Barry Gray Show” (radio program), 273, 316–17
Benjamin X: See Goodman, Benjamin X
Berger, Morroe, 66
Benon, Pierre, 81
Betty X: See Sanders, Betty
Bevel, James, 42
Biblei See Christianity
Birmingham, Alabama riots, 239–40
Birthday anniversary, 453–64
Black Muslim:
movement, 200–202
program, 224–25
as a religion, 346–47
Black Nationalism, 20, 259, 261–62
definition of, 24–25
party, 256
politicization of, 30–44
Black Panther party, 46
Black Supremacy:
debate, on “Pro and Con” radio program, 180–90
Wilkins on, 168–69
BLACKPRO, 45
“Bob Kennedy Show” (radio program), 264–65
Book reviews, FBI, 447–53
Brown, Benjamin, 390
Brown, Earl, 166
Brown, Jimmy, 276
Brown, Sonny, 59
Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education, 135
Brown’s Chapel A. M. E. Church, 82
speech at, 41–42
Bunch, Ralph, 165
Butler, Norman 3X, 84, 85, 86, 385, 389, 402–403, 404, 405, 439–40
trial and conviction of, 432–42
Cairo, Egypt, 329, 330–31
Caragulian, Bea and Joyce, 59
Carmichael, Stokely, 39, 47, 422, 444
FBI memorandum on, 17
Carrington, Walter, 65, 200
on black Moslems and integration, 202
Castro, Fidel, 65, 193, 197, 198–99
CBS Robert Trout News, 175
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 431
Charles 26X, 85, 409
Charles 37X: See Morris, Charles 37X
Chicago Defender, 278
Chicago Tribune, 279, 425
Christianity, 127–28, 185–86
and the Bible, 107
Church Committee hearings (1975), 27, 91
CIA: See Central Intelligence Agency
Civil Rights Bill, 77
Civil rights leaders, relationship with, 281–83
Civil rights movement, southern, 32
Civil rights organizations, relationship with, 281–83
Clark, Kenneth B., 66
Clay, Cassius, 71, 75, 84, 249, 252, 255, 276, 284–85
apartment gutted by fire, 378–79
Clay, Rudolph, 255
Cleage, Albert B., 36
COINTELPRO: See Counterintelligence Program
Collins, Ella, 422, 444
Columbia University, 83
Committee to Aid the Monroe Defendants, 66
Communist Party, 99–100, 115
Provisional Organizing Committee for a Marxist-Leninist, 212–13
relationship with, 204, 212
Conakry, French West Africa, 337
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 45, 73
“Contact” (radio program), 317
“Conversation for Peace” (radio program), 319, 321–22
CORE: See Congress of Racial Equality
Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO), 26, 44–45
initial goals of, 30
long-range goals of, 17
memorandum, 30
policy toward black militancy, 45
targets Black Panther Party, 46
County Civic League, 219–20
Crispus Attucks Club of the American Youth for Democracy (AYD), 31, 60, 100
Crosse, Rupert, 455
Crummell, Alexander, 24
Daily News, 111
The Daily Telegraph, 309
Daily Worker (Communist newspaper), 31
Davis, Ossie, 41, 84, 386, 395
Dee, Ruby, 386, 395
Delany, Martin, 24
Dermody, Vincent J., 86, 422, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 440
Dignity Projection and Scholarship Award ceremony, 82
Doar, John, 376
Dred Scott Decision, 211
DuBois, Shirley Graham, 311, 331, 332
DuBois, W. E., 332
Durant, Mr., 86, 438
Durso, Joe, 259
Ebony magazine, 72
Eisenhower, Dwight, 110, 135, 138, 139, 140, 191
El-Shabazz, Malik; See Malcolm X
Emergency Committee for Unity on Social and Economic Problems (EUSEP), 209
The End of White World Supremacy, FBI review of, 451–53
Eugene V, Debs Club, 66
EUSEP: See Emergency Committee for Unity on Social and Economic Problems
Evening Star, 224
Evers, Medgar, 35
Eviction trial, 274
Extremism, 309
Fair Play for Cuba Committee (FPCC), 214, 487–88
Far East trip, 179
See also individual names of cities and countries
Fard, W. D., 58
Farmer, James, 66, 281–82, 382–83, 386, 395
on assassination of Malcolm X, 84
Farrakkan, Louis: See Louis X
Faubus, Governor, 135, 139
FBI: See Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 91
interview with Malcolm X, 114–15
investigation of Nation of Islam, 91–92
Negro Agents, 392
primarily concerned with communists 29
quest to establish ties between NOI and leftist organizations, 207–14
reasons for surveillance of Malcolm X, 18, 25–30, 95
shifts focus on black nationalist militancy, 45–46
First Congress of the Council of African Organizations, 42, 82
Fisher, Roger D., 200
FNP: See Freedom Now Party
“Focus” (radio program), Malcolm X interview on, 231–41
FOI: See Fruit of Islam
Fontenette, Vernon John, Jr.: See Sukumu, Imamu
FPCC: See Fair Play for Cuba Committee
France, Malcolm X banned from, 350–51
Francis, Reuben X, 83, 85, 364, 365, 405, 423–24
Frank, Lee X, 145
Freedom Now Party (FNP), 309
Freedomways, 332
Freedomways Associates, Incorporated, 488–89
Fruit of Islam (FOI), 64, 67, 96, 109, 130, 489
Fuller, Howard, 460
Funeral services, Malcolm X, 386, 394–97
Garrow, David, 26
Garvey, Marcus, 24, 27, 91, 146, 147
General Intelligence Division, 91
George Lincoln Rockwell Party, 486–87
George Washington Carver Club, 73
Girard College, 123
Goldberg, Arthur, 335
Goldman, Eric P., 66
Goodman, Benjamin X, 82, 356
Goodwill Tour of the Brotherhood of Islam, 61–62, 129–30
Granger, Lester, 186
Grant, Earl, 72, 83, 280
Gravitt, Joseph, 260
Gray, Jesse, 40, 396–97
Gregory, Dick, 321, 395
Hagan, Thomas: See Hayer, Talmadge
Hagen, John: See Hayer, Talmadge
Haley, Alexander Palmer, 19, 70–71, 79, 338–39
telephone conversation with, 83
Haley, Richard, 66
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 40–41
Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited (HARYOU), 80–81
Harris, Donald, 39
meeting with Malcolm X, 39–40
Harvard Law School forum, 194, 200–203
HARYOU: See Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited
“The Hate That Hate Produced” (TV program), 149
Part One, 159–65
Part Three, 165–170
Hayer, Talmadge, 83, 85, 86, 343, 363, 364–65, 375, 378, 385, 387–88, 402, 404, 405, 437, 439, 440
trial and conviction of, 432–42
Hayer, Thomas: See Hayer, Talmadge
Height, Dorothy, 41
Henry, Milton, 309
Hi-Fi Country Club, 67
recording of speech made at, 226
Hodges, Norman, 461
Homes Hall at Los Angeles City College, 66
Hoover, J, Edgar, 26–27, 91, 230
letter to and response from, 241–42
“Hot Line” (radio program), 392–93
Hughes, William J., 86
inquiry concerning re-investigation of Malcolm X assassination, 464–66
Humphrey, Hubert, 170
Ibadan, Nigeria, 326, 333–35
Independent Socialist Club (ISC), 489–90
Independent Socialist Youth (1SY), 489–90
Innis, Roy, 45
Integrationism, 25
Inter-marriage, 240
ISC: See Independent Socialist Club
ISY: See Independent Socialist Youth
Jack, Hulan, 161, 166–67, 174
Jacko, Edward, 145, 280
James, William M., 64
on black supremacy, 180–81
James X: See Warden, James 67X
Jarvis, 59
Jeremiah X, 243–44
Jerry Williams Radio Program, 324–25
Jews, 176
Johnson, Hinton, 62
Johnson, Lyndon B., 273, 306, 317
Johnson, Mrs. Thomas 15X, 438–39
Johnson, Thomas 15X, 85, 86, 385, 389, 403, 404, 405, 438–39, 440
trial and conviction of, 432–42
Johnson X:
account of beating of, 135
lawsuit, 144–45
Jones, Kelsey, 291
Jones, Le Roi, 455
Kennedy, Bob, 317
Kennedy, John F., 68, 70, 211, 213, 227, 244
remarks over death of, 245
Kennedy, Stephen, 199
Kenyatta, Jomo, 80
Khrushchev, Nikita, 211, 213
King, Charles T. O., 174
King, Coretta Scott, 42, 47
King, Martin Luther, Jr. 18, 19, 20, 23, 32–33, 37, 45, 47, 67, 69, 73, 78, 135, 139, 243–44, 282, 320, 367, 380
childhood, 21–22
FBI memorandum on, 17
on Malcolm X assassination, 83–84
King, Martin Luther, Sr., 21
KKK:
See Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 30, 177, 194, 357
meeting with, 29, 203–204
Kunstler, William, 172
on “Pro and Con” radio programs, 180–90
Kupcinet, Irving, 316, 344–45
“Kup’s How” (TV program), 82, 316, 328, 344
transcript from, 345–47
Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute, 75, 326, 334
La Place, Malcolm, 224
Lagos, Nigeria, 337
Lawson, James R., 165
Lefkowitz, Attorney General, 80
Lenin, Nicolai, 204
“Les Crane Television Show”, 81, 315, 318
Lewis, John, 39, 395
meeting with Malcolm X, 39–40
Lightfoot, Claude, 212
Lincoln, Abraham, 139–40, 238
Little, Earl, 20, 57–58
Little, Louise, 20, 57–58
Little, Malcolm: See Malcolm X
Little. Wilfred, 62, 137
Logan Act, 79, 290
possible violation of, 297–99
Lomax, Louis, 76, 149, 162, 166–69, 316
London School of Economics, 82
Lorton Reformatory, 235
Los Angeles Herald-Dispatch, 62, 63, 66, 135, 168, 171, 174
on events surrounding shooting death of Ronald Stokes, 218, 219, 220
interview with Malcolm X, 141–44
Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, 67
Los Angeles Youth Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 395
Louis X, 43
Lumumba, Patrice, 65, 199, 306
McClellan, John, 58
McDonald, Dora, 67
Malcolm X:
activities abroad, 325–38
activities abroad (chronology), 63–64, 74–75, 78–80
advocates armed self-defense, 81
assassination of, 83, 360–76, 398–405, 426–31
assault on, 78
association with sports figures, 284–85
attempted visit to France, 42, 82
awareness of government infiltration of NOI, 117–18
birthday anniversary, 453–64
on black supremacy, 180–90
childhood (chronology), 57–58
on Christianity, 185–86
commenting on statement made concerning JFK. death, 265
comments on firebombing of residence, 356
confronting civil rights leaders, 33–34
conversation with Elijah Muhammad, 246–48
departure from Nation of Islam, 34, 36–37, 70, 245, 250, 252–53, 277–78
on destruction of white man, 113–14
Malcolm X Page 44
