This Indian Country
Page 48
Fort Gibson, 106, 113, 120, 126
Fort Lawton, 368
Fort Niagara, 15–16, 20, 21, 37
Fort Pitt, 14
Fort Smith, 118, 120, 125
Fourteenth Amendment, 228, 231, 236
Fox, Charles James, 28
France, 20, 22, 23–25, 27, 28, 32, 35, 41, 42, 58
in Peace of Paris, 13–14, 28–30, 32–36
Franklin, Benjamin, 24, 28, 29–35, 54
“Supplement to the Boston Independent Chronicle,” 31–32
Fraser, James Earle, 230
Frémont, John C., 146, 150, 151
Friends of the Indian, 172
Fund for the Republic, 344–45, 349, 370
Gálvez, José de, 25–26, 29
Garry, Joseph, 329–30, 332, 333, 338–39
Gayaneshaoh (Harriet Maxwell Converse), 176–78
General, Levi, 288, 289, 301
General Allotment Act, 236
General Federation of Women’s Clubs, 282
General Land Office, 197
George III, King, 25, 27–28, 35
Georgia, 42, 56, 58, 107, 133, 193
Cherokees and, 70, 83, 84, 99, 110–11, 118, 126–27, 136, 184
Georgia Compact, 58
Geronimo, 1, 2, 8, 159, 167, 182
Gerrish, Captain, 31
God Is Red (Deloria), 375–78, 380, 383, 384
GoGee, 200–201, 203, 206, 221
gold, 145, 152
Goldwater, Barry, 352
Gordon, Philip, 265
Gore, Al, 394, 395
Governors Interstate Indian Council, 324
Grant, Ulysses S., 120, 121, 128, 134, 138, 153, 160, 175, 259
Great Britain, 13–14, 53, 55, 395
in American Revolution, see American Revolution
Native American alliances with, 15–23, 37, 42
in Peace of Paris, 13–20, 22–23, 30–31, 33, 35–36
Great Lakes, 184, 185
Greenough, Horatio, 314
Greenville, 57
Greenway, John, 366
Haciendo, Taeglaha, 233
Haldimand, Frederick, 17–19, 31, 37, 42–43
Hall, Darwin, 194, 215–17
Hallowell, Simeon, 250–53, 254
Hallowell v. United States, 251, 252–53, 254
Hamilton, Robert, 262
Hampton Institute, 233–34, 236, 238–39, 253, 255, 261
Hardin Herald, 284
Harding, Warren G., 267, 268, 270, 273
Harkins, George, 80
Haskell Institute, 255
Hayes, Jim, 332
Heacock, Charles, 318
Hearst, William Randolph, 269
Hebrews, 387
Heff, Albert, 246, 249
Hemphill, John J., 209–10
Henderson, Daniel, 199, 205–6, 210–11, 212, 214–15
Hitchcock, Ethan, 200
Hodge, Frederick, 269
Holloway, James, 373
Hopewell agreements, 53–55, 57
Choctaws and, 53–55, 57, 59–60, 64–65, 67–68
Hopkins, Lewis, 167–68
Houghton, Frederick, 214
House Committee on Territories, 139–41
House Concurrent Resolution 108, 327–28
House Indian Affairs Committee, 301
Howard, Edgar, 296–97
Howard, O. O., 165
Hudson Bay Company, 144
Hyde, James, 303
Ickes, Harold, 281, 297, 313, 321–22
Illinois, 59, 83
Indiana, 59
Indian Defense League of America, 288, 289
Indian Memorial Association, 255, 265
Indian Office (Indian Bureau), 158–59, 176, 181–82, 210, 223, 226, 227, 230–31, 234, 236, 242–44, 246, 249, 268–70, 280, 285–87, 289–91, 293, 298–302, 306–7, 309, 311, 313, 314, 317–19, 326, 332, 334, 346, 353–54, 359
elimination of, 320–25
House Concurrent Resolution 108 and, 327
Mille Lacs Ojibwes and, 183, 189, 193, 195, 201–6, 216, 220, 222
Montezuma and, 255–56, 263–64, 286
sit-in at, 369, 371, 376
Sloan and, 238–40, 256, 258–60, 263, 272–75
Society of American Indians and, 229, 232
Winnemucca and, 165, 167, 168, 174, 176
Indian Reorganization Act (IRA), 296–309, 311–12, 316–17, 320, 331, 369, 372, 373
Indian Rights Association (IRA), 163, 176, 177, 182, 210, 237, 247, 259–60, 275, 332, 361
Mille Lacs Ojibwes and, 183, 192, 193, 195, 201
Winnemucca and, 165, 170
Indians at Work, 302, 307–8, 309
Indians of All Tribes, 367–68
Indian Springs, Treaty of, 76
Indian studies programs, 382–83, 399
Indian Task Force, 353
Indian Territory, 7, 108, 184, 193, 208–9, 235, 241, 247, 248, 396
Cherokees and, 102–7, 109
Choctaws and, 51, 104
dissolution of, 107, 137, 141
extension of federal authority over, 130–31
formation of, 103
intertribal councils and, 113–16
Okmulgee conventions and, 132–35
settlement in, 103–4
tax laws and, 127–29
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, An (Smith), ix, 10
In re Heff, 246–47, 249
integration, 333
Inter-Tribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes, 346
Iroquois, 23, 37, 42, 271, 287–88, 299, 322
Israel, 380
Jackson, Andrew, 2–3, 63, 65–66, 70, 75–76, 82–87, 89–92, 94, 97, 107, 110, 112, 113, 123, 133
meeting with Choctaws at Doak’s Stand, 66–69, 75, 87, 91
Jackson, Helen Hunt, 163
James, George Wharton, 269
Jay, John, 31–35
Jefferson, Thomas, 10, 48, 58, 59, 61
Choctaw land purchase and, 59
Jemison, Alice, 6, 8, 281, 283, 286, 288–92, 295, 299–302, 311–14, 320–23, 328, 331–32, 334–35, 347
Collier and, 291–92, 299–300, 302, 305, 311–14
column of, 290–91
Jemison, La Verne, 289
Jennings, Francis, 397
Jimerson, Raymond, 288, 300
Johnson, Andrew, 120
Johnson, Lyndon B., 275, 352–53, 364, 366
Johnson, Napoleon, 318, 319–20, 321, 323–25, 330
Johnson, Olof, 200, 201
Johnson, Richard, 79
Johnson, Robert, 128–29
Johnson, William, 15, 19
Jones, William, 197–98, 202
Jordan, David Starr, 269
Jose, Nelson, 340, 342
Joseph, Chief, 4, 171
Kansas, 104, 119, 124, 185
Katallagete: Be Reconciled, 373–75
Kealear, Charles, 255
Keeler, W. W., 344–48, 349, 351, 355
Kellogg, Laura Cornelius, 225, 226, 231–32, 257, 271
Kellogg, Orrin J., 271
Kendrick, Benjamin, 284
Kennedy, John F., 344–46, 352
Kennedy, Robert F., 344
Kentucky, 14, 42
Kickapoos, 48, 115
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 352
Kingsbury, Cyrus, 88, 89
Kiowa-Apaches, 104, 113
Kiowa Comanche reserve, 248
Kiowas, 1
04, 113, 114, 135
Knox, Henry, 54, 56
La Farge, Oliver, 346, 347, 349
La Flesche, Francis, 173–74, 175, 178
La Follette, Robert, 261, 274, 282
Lake Manitoba, 184
Lake Superior, 185
Lakotas, 108
land allotments, 139, 177, 226–27, 242, 245, 247–49, 261, 272, 280, 320
citizenship and, 237
Flournoy Livestock and Real Estate Company and, 242–44
General Allotment Act, 236
Indian Reorganization Act and, 296, 297
Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock and, 248
Ojibwes and, 186, 191–92, 212, 215–16, 247
Omahas and, 235–42, 245–46
Sloan and, 238–42, 243
tax exemptions and, 245–46
Latimer, Joseph W., 289–90, 291
Latin America, 42
lawyers, 209–10, 381, 385–86
League for the Extension of Democracy to the American Indians, 263, 265
League of Nations, 288, 289
Lee, Arthur, 24–25
Lee, Daniel, 289
Lee, Robert E., 120
LeFlore, Greenwood, 64, 82, 84–90
LeFlore, Louis, 63–64
Leonard, John, 366
Leslie, John, 39, 40
Leupp, Francis, 256–57
Life Among the Piutes (Winnemucca), 150–57, 163–65, 171, 173, 174–75
Livingston, Robert, 30
Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 248
Look, 324
Louis XVI, King, 23–24, 25
Louisiana, 29
Luzerne, Chevalier de la, 29–30
Mackinac, 29
Madigan, La Verne, 349
Malheur Reservation, 149, 152, 155, 157–58
Mann, Horace, 151
Mann, Mary Peabody, 151, 164, 170
Manzomaunay, 187
Marchand, Clothilde, 290
Marchand, Sehoy, 19–20
Marchie Tiger v. Western Investment Company, 251–53
marriage, 161–62, 163
Marshall, John, 135
Marshall, Thurgood, 333
Marty, Martin, 187
Maynor, Lacey, 347
McDonald, James, 5, 7, 45–98, 99, 106, 208, 218, 230, 280, 281, 399
background of, 49
as Choctaw advocate, 50–52, 69, 96
Choctaw declaration to Congress crafted by, 76–78, 97
Choctaw government and, 81–82
at Choctaw negotiations in Washington, D.C., 71–75, 78, 81
citizenship as viewed by, 90–95, 96
Civilization Fund and, 60–61
death of, 94–95, 97
education of, 49, 60–63
education as viewed by, 79–80, 81, 95
and Jackson’s meeting with Choctaws, 69
land owned by, 89
legal studies of, 49, 62, 63, 79–80
McKenney and, 60–61, 72, 74, 76, 78, 79, 81, 86
move to Washington, D.C., 60
Pitchlynn and, 50, 80, 85–86, 92–93, 95–96
political ambitions of, 94–95
return to Mississippi, 71
and Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, 88, 93
Vose on, 95–96
McGillivray, Alexander, 15, 19–22, 23, 34, 36, 39–40, 42, 48, 49, 50, 56, 60, 396
O’Neil and, 21–22
McGillivray, Lachlan, 19–20, 21, 33
McGovern, George, 344
McIntosh, Daniel, 139–40
McIntosh, Roly, 114, 140
McKee, John, 65
McKenney, Thomas L., 60–63, 72, 74, 76, 78, 79, 81, 86
McKinley, William, 197
McLaughlin, James, 202–5, 210, 212, 223, 243
McLean, John, 49, 62
McNickle, D’Arcy, 6, 7–8, 281, 283, 292–95, 307–10, 316–19, 323–28, 330, 331, 334–35, 338, 339, 344–47, 350
Collier and, 294–95, 307–10, 316
“Meat for God,” 294
National Congress of American Indians and, 7–8, 317–19
The Surrounded, 293–94
They Came Here First, 325–26
McNickle, William, 292
Means, Russell, 369, 372
“Meat for God” (McNickle), 294
Meegeesee, 194, 197, 200, 201, 204, 206, 212, 214, 219–23, 243
Meritt, Edgar, 267, 272
Mexican Americans, 370–71
Mexican War, 146, 158
Mexico, 110, 144, 182
Miamis, 48, 78, 115
Michelet, Simon, 205
Miles, Nelson, 269
military:
draft, 263
integration of, 333
Mille Lacs Investment and Improvement Company, 217
Mille Lacs Ojibwes, 5, 7, 181–223, 229, 230, 243, 396
allotments and, 186, 191–92, 212, 215–16, 247
Beaulieu and, 195–99, 202, 205–6, 210, 212–14, 221
Court of Claims suit of, 183, 210–23, 225
efforts against removal, 184–95
Indian Office and, 183, 189, 193, 195, 201–6, 216, 220, 222
Indian Rights Association and, 183, 192, 193, 195, 201
lobbying in Washington, D.C., 183, 195–206
Minnesota Chippewa fund and, 219–20, 221
white settlers and, 197, 199–200
mining, 147, 152
Minnesota, 185, 186, 187, 188, 193, 196, 206, 209, 327
Minnesota Chippewa fund, 219–20, 221
Miró, Estevan, 40
missionaries, 173, 177, 291
Mississippi, 58–59, 83, 107, 133, 184
Choctaws and, 51, 58–59, 62, 65–69, 71–75, 84–94, 96–97, 230
Mississippi River, 58
Missouri, 114
Mohawks, 18–19, 22–23, 29, 37
Monroe, James, 65, 66, 70–71, 76
in Choctaw negotiations, 73, 74
Montana, 184
Montezuma, Carlos, 225, 226, 229, 231, 232–33, 253–58, 260, 263–68, 271, 286, 289, 313
Monzomaunay, 206, 217, 218, 219, 223
Morgan, Arthur, 281
Morgan, Lewis Henry, 161
Morris, Page, 198
Murie, James, 254–55
Murray, James, 344
Mushulatubbe, 66–67, 80, 81–82, 90
Myer, Dillon, 327
Myers, Henry, 284
Napoleon I, 58
Nation, 270
National Advisory Committee of One Hundred, 269–71, 273, 285, 303
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 225, 228
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), 7–8, 317–26, 329–31, 335, 338–39, 343, 344–47, 349–63, 400
convention of 1964, 338–42, 366
convention of 1965, 358–59
convention of 1966, 361
Deloria selected as executive director of, 340–42, 343
Deloria’s resignation from, 363–64
emergency conference of, 328–35, 341
Indian Plan of, 323–25
newsletter of, 357–58
National Council of Churches, 9
National Indian Youth Council (NIYC), 351, 362, 364
National Park Service, 315
Native American Rights Fund, 381
Native Americans:
decentralized leadership among, 83
increase in prosecution against, 83
/> intertribal negotiations among, 109, 113–16
nationalism and, 109
popular images of, 230, 271–72
removal as inevitable for, 78–79
sophistication in, 123
Navajos, 108, 159, 306–7, 316, 329
Naygwonabe, 214–15, 221
Nebraska, 185, 236
Nelson, Knute, 186, 199, 200, 202, 223
Nelson Act, 186, 187, 190, 192, 203
Nevada, 147, 151–52, 153, 156
New Deal, 6, 7, 274, 277–83, 286, 291, 295, 298, 307, 310, 311, 312, 314–16, 319–20, 322, 328, 333–35, 396
New Echota, Treaty of, 105, 126–27
New Mexico, 271, 324, 381
New Orleans, 29, 55, 63, 67, 73
New Republic, 272
“New Trail, A,” 349, 351
New York State, 287, 300, 301, 327
New York Times, 291, 337, 349, 360, 366
Nez Perces, 247
Nicholson, Jacob, 111
Niles Weekly Register, 70, 85
Nixon, Richard, 370
Noble, John, 193–94, 197, 203
North, Frederick, 18, 26–27
North Carolina, 58
Northwestern Federation of American Indians, 254
Oakes, Richard, 371
Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), 353, 365
Office of Indian Affairs, 81
O’Hara, Warren, 303
Ohio, 42, 59
Ojibwes, 48, 184–85, 188, 265
Mille Lacs, see Mille Lacs Ojibwes
removal of, 186
Oklahoma, 51, 103, 107, 111, 130, 141, 297, 328
Okmulgee conventions, 132–35
Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 386
Omahas, 209, 234–38, 240–41
citizenship and, 235–37
land allotments and, 235–42, 245–46
Sloan and, 233, 234, 238–41
Thurston County and, 237–38, 245–47, 249–50, 254
Oneidas, 287
O’Neil, Arturo, 21–22, 39–40
Ontario, 287–88
Oochalata (Charles Thompson), 137–38
Oregon, 104, 144, 158, 184, 328
Ormsby, Margaret, 147
Ormsby, William, 147
Osage, 113–16, 262
Otoe and Missouria tribe, 209
Our Indian Bureau System (Latimer), 290
Paiutes, 108, 144–46, 220
in Bannock War, 149, 152–53, 156
Christians and, 153–54, 156
diseases and, 146–47, 153
governance system of, 155
at Malheur, 149, 152, 155, 157–58
at Pyramid Lake, 147, 148, 152
Winnemucca and, 147–58, 165–68, 171
Winnemucca’s school for, 169–70, 171
at Yakama, 149, 153–54, 156, 167, 168
Pala Reservation, 184