by Ron Chernow
3 . Ibid., 2:208. Letter to Richard Washington, December 6, 1755.
4 . WWR,61. “General Orders,” October 6, 1755.
5 . Wiencek, Imperfect God, 64.
6 . WWR,64. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 14, 1755.
7 . PWC,2:176. Letter to Denis McCarty, November 22, 1755.
8 . Ibid., 2:102. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 11, 1755.
9. Morgan, Genius of George Washington, 29.
10. PWC,3:171. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, May 23, 1756.
11. Ibid., 4:406. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, September 17, 1757.
12. Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, 15.
13. PWC,3:417. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, September 23, 1756.
14. Ibid., 5:130. Letter to John Blair, April 17, 1758.
15. PWR,8:124. Letter to John Parke Custis, January 22, 1777.
16. Flexner, George Washington, 1:159.
17. Marshall, “National Treasure,” New Yorker, May 23, 2005.
18. PWCF, 5:523. “Comments on David Humphreys’ Biography of George Washington.”
19. PWC,2:226. Letter from Adam Stephen, December 23, 1755.
20. Ibid., 6:439. Letter from Andrew Burnaby, June 23, 1760.
21. Irving, Life of George Washington, 91.
22. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 37.
23. Flexner, George Washington, 1:148.
24. PWC,2:333. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, April 7, 1756.
25. Ibid., 2:345. Letter to Robert Hunter Morris, April 9, 1756.
26. Ibid., 3:33-34. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, April 22, 1756.
27. Flexner, George Washington, 1:154.
28. WWR,73. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, April 18, 1756.
29. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 28.
30. PWC,3:57. Letter from William Fairfax, April 27, 1756.
31. Ibid., 3:354. “Proclamation.”
32. Ibid., 3:294. Letter to John Campbell, Earl of Loudoun, July 25, 1756.
33. Ibid., 4:86. Letter to the Earl of Loudoun, January 10, 1757.
34. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 42.
35. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 11.
36. PWC,4:89. Letter to the Earl of Loudoun, January 10, 1757.
37. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, 59.
38. PWC,4:89. Letter to the Earl of Loudoun, January 10, 1757.
39. Ibid., 4:90.
40. WWR,86. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, March 10, 1757.
41. PWC,4:132. Letter to Richard Washington, April 15, 1757.
42. Ibid., 4:163. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, May 24, 1757.
43. Anderson, “Hinge of the Revolution.”
44. PWC,4:306. Letter to John Stanwix, July 15, 1757.
45. Ibid., 4:360. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, August 3, 1757.
46. Ibid., 4:199. Letter to John Robinson, June 10, 1757.
47. Ibid., 4:422. Letter from Robert Dinwiddie, September 24, 1757.
48. Ibid., 5:3. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 5, 1757.
49. Ibid., 5:25. Letter to Robert Dinwiddie, October 24, 1757.
50. Ibid., 5:63.
51. Ibid., 5:64. Letter from James Craik, November 25, 1757.
52. Ibid., 5:56. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, November 15, 1757.
53. Ibid., 5:92. Letter from Robert Carter Nicholas, February 6, 1758.
54. Ibid., 5:102. Letter to John Stanwix, March 4, 1758.
55. Ibid.
CHAPTER SEVEN: A VOTARY TO LOVE
1 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, 29.
2 . Ibid.
3 . Ibid.
4 . PWC,5:447. Letter from Humphrey Knight, September 2, 1758.
5 . Brady, Martha Washington, 55.
6 . PWC,5:112. Letter to Richard Washington, April 5, 1758.
7 . Freeman, Washington, 2:302.
8 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, 254.
9 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 88.
10. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Nicholas Crosswell journal, 1774-77.
11. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 101.
12. PWRT, 2:239.
13. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 84.
14. Bryan, First Lady of Liberty, 239; Wiencek, ibid., 85.
15. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 509.
16. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 90.
17. Brady, Martha Washington, 30.
18. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 75.
19. Ibid., 73.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 76.
22. PWC,6:10. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, September 12, 1758.
23. Ibid., 6:11.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid., 6:41. Letter to Sarah Cary Fairfax, September 25, 1758.
26. WWR,901-2.
CHAPTER EIGHT: DARLING OF A GRATEFUL COUNTRY
1 . Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, 54.
2. PWC,5:117.
3 . Lengel, General George Washington, 70.
4 . PWC,5:258. Letter to Henry Bouquet, July 3, 1758. PWC, 5:282. Letter to Henry Bouquet, July 13, 1758.
5 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 33.
6 . PWC,5:271. Letter from James Wood, July 7, 1758.
7 . Ibid., 5:305-6. Letter from Robert Rutherford, July 20, 1758.
8 . Flexner, George Washington, 1:211.
9 . PWC,5:330. Letter from Robert Rutherford, July 26,
1758.
10. Ibid., 5:349. Letter to James Wood, ca. July 28, 1758.
11. Ibid.
12. WWR,96. Letter to Francis Halkett, August 2, 1758.
13. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 13.
14. Lengel, General George Washington, 71.
15. PWC,5:424. Letter to Henry Bouquet, August 28, 1758.
16. Ibid., 5:433. Letter to John Robinson, September 1, 1758.
17. Flexner, George Washington, 1:215.
18. PWC,7:205. Letter to Robert Stewart, April 27, 1763.
19. Flexner, George Washington, 1:220.
20. PWCF,5:525. “Comments on David Humphreys’ Biography of George Washington.”
21. PWC,6:177. Letter from Robert Stewart, December 31, 1758.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid., 6:179. “Address from the Officers of the Virginia Regiment,” December 31, 1758.
24. PWCF, 5:525. “Comments on David Humphreys’ Biography of George Washington.”
25. PWC,6:186. “To the Officers of the Virginia Regiment,” January 10, 1759.
26. Ibid., 6:187.
CHAPTER NINE: THE MAN OF MODE
1 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, 244.
2. PWC,6:283ff.
3 . Brady, Martha Washington, 70.
4 . DiariesA, 65. Diary entry for January 16, 1760.
5. Ibid., 58.
6 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 12.
7 . PWC,6:359. Letter to Richard Washington, September 20, 1759.
8 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 13.
9 . Freeman, George Washington, 3:7.
10. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 66.
11. WWR,417. Letter to John Parke Custis, February 28, 1781.
12. PWC, 6:200. Letter to John Alton, April 5, 1759.
13. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 129.
14. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 41.
15. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 83.
16. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 74.
17. Irving, Life of George Washington, 615.
18. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 147.
19. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 24.
20. PWR,1:3-4. Letter to Martha Washington, June 18, 1775.
21. WWR,881. Letter to Elizabeth Parke Custis, September 14, 1794.
22. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Lieutenant John Enys visit to Mount Vernon, February 12, 1788.
23. Flexner, George Washington, 2:519.
24. Cunliffe, George Washington, 124.
25. WWR,597. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 10, 1786.
26. Ibid., 599. Letter to William Fitzhugh, May 15, 1786.
27. Ibid., 570. Letter to William Gordon, December 20, 1784.
28. Flexner, George Washington, 1:269.
29. WWR,706. “Draft of First Inaugural,” ca. January 1789.
30. Furstenberg,In the Name of the Father, 75.
31. PWC,6:315. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., May 1, 1759.
32. Ibid., 6:317. “Enclosure Invoice to Robert Cary & Co.,” May 1, 1759.
33. Ibid., 6:453. Letter to Richard Washington, August 10, 1760.
34. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 212.
35. Ibid.
36. PWC,6:375. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., November 30, 1759.
37. Ibid., 6:459. Undated typescript of a letter to an unidentified tailor.
38. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 238.
39. Hague, William Pitt the Younger, 4.
40. PWC,6:359. Letter to Richard Washington, September 20, 1759.
41. DiariesA,90.
42. PWC,6:449. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 10, 1760.
43. Ibid., 6:459-60. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., September 28, 1760.
44. Wood, “The Shopper’s Revolution.”
45. WWR,109. Letter to Robert Stewart, April 27, 1763.
46. Ibid., 111. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 10, 1764.
47. Ibid., 113-14. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., September 20, 1765.
48. PWRT, 1:248. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 12, 1797.
CHAPTER TEN: A CERTAIN SPECIES OF PROPERTY
1 . Flexner, George Washington, 1:274.
2 . PWC,7:140. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., June 20, 1762.
3 . Ibid., 7:385. Letter to Burwell Bassett, August 2, 1765.
4 . Wiencek, Imperfect God, 45.
5 . PWC,9:70. Letter to Daniel Jenifer Adams, July 20, 1772.
6 . Ibid., 8:256. Letter to Hector Ross, October 9, 1769.
7 . Ibid., 8:3. Letter to John Posey, June 24, 1767.
8 . WWR,158. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, August 24, 1774. 9 . DiariesA,83. Diary entry for May 7, 1760.
10. PWC,7:148. “Agreement with Nelson Kelly,” September 1, 1762.
11. PWP, 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792.
12. WWF, 33:242. Letter to William Pearce, January 12, 1794.
13. Thompson, “ ‘They Appear to Live Comfortable Together.’”
14. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, 117.
15. Thompson, “Lives of Enslaved Workers on Washington’s Outlying Farms.”
16. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 2:28.
17. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 56.
18. PWP, 13:225. “Circular to William Stuart, Hiland Crow, and Henry McCoy,” July 14, 1793.
19. Ibid., 12:524. Letter to Anthony Whitting, May 5, 1793.
20. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 68.
21. Brady, George Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 134.
22. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 315.
23. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 181.
24. Massachusetts Historical Society, Timothy Pickering Papers, Reel 52, p. 54.
25. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 150.
26. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 23.
27. PWP, 1:223. Letter to John Fairfax, January 1, 1789.
28. WWF,33:275. Letter to William Pearce, February 22, 1794.
29. PWP, 9:439.
30. DiariesA, 69-70. Diary entry for February 5, 1760.
31. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 77.
32. PWP, 12:634. Letter to Anthony Whitting, May 26, 1793.
33. Thompson, “ ‘The Only Unavoidable Subject of Regret.’”
34. PWC,8:521.
35. Morgan, “ ‘To Get Quit of Negroes.’”
36. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 100.
37. Ibid.
38. WWR,102. “Reward for Runaway Slaves,” August 11, 1761.
39. Ibid., 103.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid., 102.
42. WWR, 118. Letter to Josiah Thompson, July 2, 1766.
43. Ibid.
44. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 188.
45. PWC,7:179.
46. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 23.
47. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Joseph Hatfield, 1787.
48. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 282.
49. PWRT, 4:133. Letter to William Roberts, June 17, 1799.
50. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 118.
51. PWRT,1:525. Letter to James Anderson, December 21, 1797.
52. Schwarz, Slavery at the Home of George Washington, 25.
53. WWR,845. Letter to William Pearce, October 6, 1793.
54. WWF,33:390. Letter to James Germain, June 1, 1794.
55. PWCF, 5:526.
56. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” John Hancock, 1799.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE PRODIGY
1 . PWC,8:98. Letter to Charles Lawrence, June 20, 1768.
2 . Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, 431.
3 . Unger, Lafayette, 39.
4 . Flexner, George Washington, 1:234.
5 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 127.
6 . Marshall, Life of George Washington, 466.
7 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 205.
8 . Brookhiser, Founding Father, 116.
9 . Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 71.
10. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 1:558.
11. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 88.
12. PWC,7:257. Letter to Richard Washington, September 27, 1763.
13. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 127.
14. WWR,483. Letter to Bushrod Washington, January 15, 1783.
15. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 87-88.
16. Lengel, General George Washington, 8.
17. Jefferson, Writings, 1319.
18. Flexner, George Washington, 2:401.
19. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 71.
20. PWP, 2:415. Letter to John Campbell, May 31, 1789.
21. DiariesA,105. Diary entry for March 2, 1768.
22. Hervey, Memory of Washington, 93.
23. Irving, Life of George Washington, 124.
24. WWF,35:341. Letter to George Washington Parke Custis, December 19, 1796.
25. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 33.
26. PWC,7:260. Letter to George William Fairfax, September 29, 1763.
CHAPTER TWELVE: PROVIDENCE
1 . Meade, “Gov. Fauquier.”
2 . Wiencek, Imperfect God, 140.
3. DiariesA,110.
4 . Freeman, George Washington, 3:49.
5 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 207.
6 . PWC,7:43. Letter to Van Swearingen, May 15, 1761.
7 . Flexner, George Washington, 1:256. PWC, 7:13. Letter
from Robert Stewart, February 15, 1761.
8 . PWC,7:43. Letter to Van Swearingen, May 15, 1761.
9 . Wiencek, Imperfect God, 152.
10. PWC,7:59. Letter to Andrew Burnaby, July 27, 1761.
11. Ibid., 7:68. Letter to Charles Green, August 26, 1761.
12. Ibid., 7:80. Letter to Richard Washington, October 20, 1761.
13. Ibid., 6:415. Letter from Augustine Washington, ca. April 1760.
14. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 1.
15. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 183.
16. Ibid., 246.
17. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 20.
18. PWRT, 1:407. Letter to William Gordon, October 15, 1797.
19. Marshall, Life of George Washington, 466.
20. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 52.
21. Ibid., 94.
22. Ibid., 92.
23. Ibid., 9.
24. PWCF,1:232. Letter to Te
nch Tilghman, March 24, 1784.
25. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 231.
26. WWR,834. Letter to the Members of the New Church in Baltimore, January 27, 1793.
27. PWP, 10:493. Letter to Edward Newenham, June 22, 1792.
28. WWR,590. Letter to George Mason, October 3, 1785.
29. Ibid., 971. “Farewell Address,” September 19, 1796.
30. PWP,2:420. Letter to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, ca. May 1789.
31. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 124.
32. Freeman, George Washington, 3:211.
33. Ibid.
34. PWRT, 2:37. Letter to David Stuart, January 22, 1798.
35. PWC,7:297.
36. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 144.
37. WWR,483. Letter to Bushrod Washington, January 15, 1783.
38. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 144.
39. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 88.
40. Smith, “Surprising George Washington.”
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: A WORLD OF HIS OWN
1 . Flexner, George Washington, 1:310.
2 . Ellis, His Excellency, 55. 3 . Freeman, George Washington, 3:123.
4. Ibid., 3:132.
5. Ibid., 3:136.
6 . Ibid.
7. Ibid., 3:142.
8 . PWC,7:401. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., September 20, 1765.
9 . Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, 230.
10. PWC,7:457. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., July 21, 1766.
11. Ibid., 7:206. Letter to Robert Stewart, April 27, 1763.
12. Ibid., 7:323. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 10, 1764.
13. Ibid., 7:324.
14. Ibid., 7:191. Invoice from Robert Cary & Co., April 13, 1763.
15. Ibid., 8:93. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., June 6, 1768.
16. Ibid., 8:92.
17. Ibid., 8:370. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., August 20, 1770.
18. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 8.
19. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 153.
20. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Chevalier de Chastellux, 1780-82.
21. Diaries,2:146. Diary entry for April 11, 1769.
22. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 83.
23. Ibid., 33.
24. PWP, 9:438 and 8:401.
25. PWC,10:135.
26. Ibid., 7:495. Letter from Martha Washington, March 30, 1767.
27. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 88.
28. PWC,8:179. Letter to George Mason, April 5, 1769.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid., 178.
31. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 150.
32. DiariesA, 128.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid., 129. Diary entry for May 19, 1769.
