by Ron Chernow
35. Ibid.
36. WWR, 133. Letter to Robert Cary & Co., July 25, 1769.
37. Flexner, George Washington, 1:315.
38. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 97.
39. WWR,121. Letter to John Posey, June 24, 1767.
40. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 104.
41. Freeman, George Washington, 3:246-47.
42. Flexner, George Washington, 1:289.
43. Ellis, His Excellency, 56.
44. DiariesA,151. Diary entry for October 19, 1770.
45. Ibid., 150. Diary entry for October 14, 1770.
46. PWC,9:460. Letter to George Muse, January 29, 1774.
47. Ibid., 9:461.
48. WWR,139. Letter to Thomas Johnson, July 20, 1770.
49. Ibid., 138.
50. Ibid.
51. Unger,Unexpected George Washington, 77.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: THE ASIATIC PRINCE
1. MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Journal of Nathanael Greene, September 12, 1783.
2. Griswold, Washington’s Gardens at Mount Vernon, 20.
3. Brady, Martha Washington, 185.
4. Diaries, 2:141. Diary entry for April 14, 1769.
5. PWC,8:240. Letter to John Armstrong, August 18, 1769.
6. Ibid., 8:496. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, July 9, 1771.
7. Ibid., 8:89-90. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, May 30, 1768.
8. Ibid., 8:96. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, June 16, 1768.
9. Ibid., 8:122-24. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, August 2, 1768.
10. Ibid., 8:227. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, July 20, 1769.
11. Ibid., 8:339. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, May 21, 1770.
12. Ibid., 8:412. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, December 16, 1770.
13. Ibid., 8:414. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, December 18, 1770.
14. Ibid., 8:426. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, January 2, 1771.
15. Ibid., 8:348. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, June 2, 1770.
16. Freeman, George Washington, 3:312.
17. PWC,8:415. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, December 18, 1770.
18. WWR, 144. Letter to Benedict Calvert, April 3, 1773.
19. Flexner, George Washington, 1:228.
20. PWC,10:349.
21. PWR,3:189.
22. PWC, 9:49. Letter to Jonathan Boucher, May 21, 1772.
23. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 528.
24. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 56.
25. Diaries,3:182.
26. PWC, 9:266.
27. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 84.
28. MTV. “Early Descriptions 1801-1841.” Charles Willson Peale Journal, May-June 1804.
29. PWC,9:243. Letter to Burwell Bassett, June 20, 1773.
30. Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 94.
31. Ibid., 121.
32. Flexner, George Washington, 1:247.
33. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 10.
34. PWC,10:109. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 4, 1774.
35. Dalzell and Dalzell, George Washington’s Mount Vernon, 79.
36. PWC, 9:326. Letter from Dr. Myles Cooper, September 20, 1773.
37. Ibid., 9:406-7. Letter to Myles Cooper, December 15, 1773.
38. Ibid., 9:212. Letter from Jonathan Boucher, April 8, 1773.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: A SHOCK OF ELECTRICITY
1. Diaries,3:166.
2. Stoll, Samuel Adams, 115.
3. Ferling, “Myths of the American Revolution.”
4. PWC,2:179. Letter from Thomas Gage, November 23, 1755.
5. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 69.
6. Flexner, George Washington, 1:320.
7. Ellis, His Excellency, 58.
8. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 123.
9. DiariesA,189.
10. PWC,10:119-25. “Fairfax County Resolves,” July 18, 1774.
11. WWR,154. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 20,1774.
12. Flexner, George Washington, 1:322.
13. Ellis, His Excellency, 64.
14. PWC,10:96-97. Letter to George William Fairfax, June 10, 1774.
15. Ibid., 10:96.
16. Ibid., 10:97.
17. Ibid., 10:109-10. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 4, 1774.
18. Ibid., 10:110.
19. WWR,155-56. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, July 20, 1774.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 156.
22. Ibid., 157. Letter to Bryan Fairfax, August 24, 1774.
23. DiariesA,190.
24. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 21.
25. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 132.
26. Brady, Martha Washington, 92.
27. McCullough, John Adams, 86.
28. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 193.
29. Flexner, George Washington, 1:324.
30. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 138.
31. WWR,159. Letter to Robert McKenzie, October 9, 1774.
32. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 22.
33. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 95.
34. PWC,10:172. Letter to Robert McKenzie, October 9, 1774.
35. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 95.
36. Diaries,3:285.
37. DiariesA,ix.
38. Diaries,3:280.
39. WWR,160. Letter to Robert McKenzie, October 9, 1774.
40. Stoll, Samuel Adams, 138.
41. PWC,10:191. Letter to John Tayloe, November 30, 1774.
42. Ibid., 10:269.
43. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 149.
44. Flexner, George Washington, 1:328.
45. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 148.
46. Flexner, George Washington, 1:329.
47. Irving, Life of George Washington, 154.
48. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 149.
49. Freeman, George Washington, 3:404.
50. Ibid., 3:405.
51. Ibid., 3:406.
52. PWC,10:308. Letter to John Augustine Washington, March 25, 1775.
53. Ibid., 10:292. Letter to John Washington, March 6, 1775.
54. Freeman, George Washington, 3:409.
55. PWC,10:320. Letter to Lord Dunmore, April 3, 1775.
56. Freeman, George Washington, 3:409.
57. Flexner, George Washington, 1:330.
58. Ibid., 1:335.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: THE GLORIOUS CAUSE
1. Stoll, Samuel Adams, 157.
2. PWC,10:368. Letter to George William Fairfax, May 31, 1775.
3. Smith, John Marshall, 44.
4. Diaries,3:327. Diary entry for May 4, 1775.
5. DiariesA,197.
6. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 162.
7. Ibid., 182.
8. Flexner, George Washington, 1:333.
9. WWR,164. Letter to George William Fairfax, May 31, 1775.
10. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 162.
11. Flexner, George Washington, 1:334.
12. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 97.
13. Ibid., 98.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., 97.
16. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 22.
17. Flexner, George Washington, 1:343.
18. PWR,13:322. Letter to William Gordon, January 23, 1778.
19. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 163.
20. Grant, John Adams, 156.
21. Ibid.
22. DiariesA,198.
23. Flexner, George Washington, 1:338.
24. Ibid., 2:9.
25. Diaries,3:336. Diary entry for June 15, 1775.
26. DiariesA,198.
27. PWR,1:1. “Address to the Continental Congress,” June 16, 1775.
28. Ibid., 1:2-3.
29. Flexner, George Washington, 1:342.
30. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 177.
31. Freeman, George Washington, 3:439-40.
32. W
WR,167-68. Letter to Martha Washington, June 18, 1775.
33. Ibid., 168.
34. PWR,1:15. Letter to John Parke Custis, June 19, 1775.
35. WWR,168. Letter to Martha Washington, June 18, 1775. Ibid., 170. Letter to Burwell Bassett, June 19, 1775.
36. Ibid., 170. Letter to Burwell Bassett, June 19, 1775.
37. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 213.
38. McCullough, 1776, 57.
39. Ibid., 44.
40. PWR, 1:56.
41. WWF,14:385. Letter to John Jay, April 14, 1779.
42. WWR,222. Letter to John Augustine Washington, March 31, 1776.
43. Cunliffe, George Washington, 75.
44. PWR, 1:95.
45. Ibid., 1:16. Letter to the Officers of Five Virginia Independent Companies, June 20, 1775.
46. WWR,173. Letter to Martha Washington, June 23, 1775.
47. PWR, 1:33.
48. Ibid., 1:34.
49. Golway, Washington’s General, 55.
50. PWR,1:135. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 20, 1775.
51. WWR,184-85. Letter to Lund Washington, August 20, 1775.
52. PWR,1:41. “Address to the New York Provincial Congress,” June 26, 1775.
53. Freeman, George Washington, 3:470.
54. Flexner, George Washington, 2:27.
55. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, xxi.
56. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 182.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: MAGNIFICENT BLUFF
1. Batchelder, “Col. Henry Vassall.”
2. WWR,178. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, July 10, 1775.
3. PWR,1:54. “General Orders,” July 4, 1775.
4. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 213-14.
5. Anderson, “Hinge of Revolution.”
6. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 111.
7. Ibid.
8. Longmore, Invention of George Washington, 196.
9. Freeman, George Washington, 3:504-5.
10. PWR,1:135. Letter to Samuel Washington, July 20, 1775.
11. Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, 11.
12. Gaines, For Liberty and Glory, 105.
13. PWR,6:482. Letter to Patrick Henry, October 5, 1776.
14. Gaines, For Liberty and Glory, 69.
15. Anderson, “Hinge of Revolution.”
16. Cadou, George Washington Collection, 214.
17. WWF, 20:489. Letter to John Sullivan, December 17, 1780.
18. McCullough, 1776, 31.
19. PWR,1:55. “General Orders,” July 4, 1775.
20. Ibid., 1:93.
21. McCullough, 1776, 32.
22. Flexner, George Washington, 2:36.
23. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 4.
24. PWR,1:104. Letter to James Warren, July 10, 1775.
25. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, 136.
26. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 111.
27. Flexner, George Washington, 2:541.
28. Massachusetts Historical Society. Timothy Pickering Papers, P-31, Reel 51, p. 228.
29. PWR,1:140. Letter to John Hancock, July 21, 1775.
30. WWR,195-96. Letter to Joseph Reed, December 15, 1775.
31. McCullough, 1776, 62.
32. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, 175.
33. Flexner, George Washington, 2:36.
34. PWR,1:221. Letter to Nicholas Cooke, August 4, 1775.
35. Ibid., 1:218. “General Orders,” August 4, 1775.
36. WWR,181. Letter to Thomas Gage, August 11, 1775.
37. PWR,1:302. Letter from Thomas Gage, August 13, 1775.
38. WWR,182-83. Letter to Thomas Gage, August 19, 1775.
39. PWR,1:372. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, August 29, 1775.
40. WWR,184. Letter to Lund Washington, August 20, 1775.
41. Flexner, George Washington, 2:37.
42. Ibid., 2:49.
43. Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, 278.
44. McCullough, 1776, 22.
45. Golway, Washington’s General, 45.
46. Ibid., 54.
47. WWF, 20:241. Letter to George Mason, October 22, 1780.
48. Golway, Washington’s General, 67.
49. Massachusetts Historical Society. Timothy Pickering Papers, P-31, Reel 51, p. 139.
50. Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 53.
51. Callahan, Henry Knox, 20.
52. DiariesA,361.
53. Callahan, Henry Knox, 271.
54. Ibid., 32.
55. Ibid., 227.
56. PWRT, 3:42. Letter to John Adams, September 25, 1798.
57. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, 65.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: LAND OF FREEDOM
1. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 276.
2. McCullough, 1776, 51.
3. Ibid., 39.
4. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 260.
5. PWR,2:29. Letter to John Hancock, September 21, 1775.
6. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, 15.
7. Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 133.
8. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 115.
9. Flexner, George Washington, 2:50.
10. WWF,22:161. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 4, 1781.
11. WWR,1011. Letter to John Adams, September 25, 1798.
12. Freeman, George Washington, 3:553.
13. Ibid., 3:556.
14. PWR,2:239. Letter to Major General Philip Schuyler, October 26, 1775.
15. McCullough, 1776, 56.
16. Flexner, George Washington, 2:53.
17. PWR,1:399. “Instructions to Captain Nicholas Broughton,” September 2, 1775.
18. Ibid., 2:463. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, November 30, 1775.
19. PWP, 10:74-75. “Memorandum on General Officers,” Philadelphia, March 9, 1792.
20. Fund, “Whiskey Entrepreneur.”
21. PWR,2:300. “General Orders,” November 5, 1775.
22. Ibid., 1:287. “General Orders,” August 11, 1775.
23. Ibid., 1:321. “General Orders,” August 18, 1775.
24. Ibid., 1:346. “General Orders,” August 22, 1775.
25. Ibid., 2:493. Letter to Colonel Benedict Arnold, December 5, 1775.
26. Ibid., 2:498. Letter to Major General Philip Schuyler, December 5, 1775.
27. Ibid., 3:78. Letter from Major General Philip Schuyler, January 13, 1776.
28. Morgan, Genius of George Washington, 10.
29. PWR,1:169. “General Orders,” July 25, 1775.
30. Cunliffe, George Washington, 78.
31. McCullough, 1776, 64.
32. Stephenson, Patriot Battles, 185.
33. McCullough, 1776, 36.
34. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 200.
35. PWR,2:125. “Council of War,” October 8, 1775.
36. Ibid., 2:354. “General Orders,” November 12, 1775.
37. Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 98.
38. PWR,2:436. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, November 27, 1775.
39. Ibid., 2:611. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, December 26, 1775.
40. WWR, 195. Letter to Joseph Reed, December 15, 1775.
41. PWR,2:623. Letter to John Hancock, December 31, 1775.
42. Ellis, American Creation, 35.
43. McCullough, 1776, 65.
44. PWR,2:614. “General Orders,” December 28, 1775.
45. WWR,196. “General Orders,” January 1, 1776.
46. PWR,3:19. Letter to John Hancock, January 4, 1776.
47. WWR,203. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 14, 1776.
48. Ibid.
49. Smith, John Marshall, 51.
50. WWR,206. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 31, 1776.
51. Cunliffe, George Washington, 75.
52. Nelson, Thomas Paine, 88.
53. PWR,3:183. Letter from Major General Charles Lee, January 24, 1776.
54. Ibid., 3:419. Letter from Fielding Lewis, March 6, 1776.
5
5. WWR,206. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 31, 1776.
56. PWCF, 1:445. Letter to James Madison, June 12, 1784.
57. PWR,2:74. Letter to Samuel Washington, September 30, 1775.
58. Ibid., 2:72.
59. Ibid., 2:162. Letter to John Augustine Washington, October 13, 1775.
60. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 164.
61. Brady, Martha Washington, 104.
62. Thompson, “ ‘As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody.’”
63. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 91.
64. PWR,3:172. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, January 23, 1776.
65. Ibid., 2:252. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, October 29, 1775.
66. Ibid., 3:173. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, January 23, 1776.
67. Flexner, George Washington, 2:60.
68. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 164.
69. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 94.
70. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 110.
71. Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, 19.
72. Flexner, George Washington, 2:59.
73. Golway, Washington’s General, 74.
74. Thompson, “‘As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody.’”
75. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 159.
76. WWR,207. Letter to Joseph Reed, January 31, 1776.
77. PWR,2:243. “Poem by Phillis Wheatley.”
78. WWR,216. Letter to Phillis Wheatley, February 28, 1776.
79. Ibid.
80. Thompson, “‘As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody.’ ”
CHAPTER NINETEEN: THE HEIGHTS
1. Flexner, George Washington, 2:427.
2. PWR,3:449. “General Orders,” March 11, 1776.
3. Ibid., 9:315. Letter to Colonels Alexander Spotswood et al., April 30, 1777.
4. Ibid.
5. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs, 258.
6. PWR,3:27. “General Orders,” January 5, 1776.
7. WWF,24:110-11. Letter to the Secretary at War, April 10, 1782.
8. Ibid., 254. “General Orders,” May 14, 1782.
9. PWR,3:85. Letter to John Hancock, January 14, 1776.
10. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 274.
11. PWR,3:287. Letter to Joseph Reed, February 10, 1776.
12. Ibid., 3:336. Letter to John Hancock, February 18, 1776.
13. Ibid., 3:335.
14. Ibid., 3:370. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Reed, February 26, 1776.
15. McCullough, 1776, 87.
16. PWR,3:379. “General Orders,” February 17, 1776.
17. McCullough, 1776, 92.
18. Ibid., 92.
19. Ibid., 93.
20. Ibid., 95.
21. Ibid.
22. Trumbull, Autobiography of Colonel John Trumbull, 24.
23. PWR,3:467. Letter to Major General Charles Lee, March 14, 1776.
