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Periodic Tales

Page 39

by Hugh Aldersey-Williams


  Sacks, Oliver, Uncle Tungsten (London: Pan Macmillan, 2001)

  Sanders, Dennis, and Len Lovallo, The Agatha Christie Companion (London: W. H. Allen, 1985)

  Scerri, Eric R., The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)

  Schama, Simon, Landscape and Memory (London: Harper Perennial, 1995)

  Seaborg, Glenn, Adventures in the Atomic Age (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001)

  Sebald, W. G., The Rings of Saturn (London: Harvill, 1998)

  Seibel, Clifford W., Helium: Child of the Sun (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1968)

  Sennett, Richard, The Craftsman (London: Penguin, 2008)

  Shaw, Bernard, The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Niblung’s Ring (New York: Brentano’s, 1916)

  Sinkankas, John, and Peter G. Read, Beryl (London: Butterworth, 1986)

  Sparke, Penny, An Introduction to Design and Culture in the Twentieth Century (London: Allen and Unwin, 1986)

  Storrie, Calum, The Delirious Museum (London: I. B. Tauris, 2006)

  Strathern, Paul, Mendeleyev’s Dream: The Quest for the Elements (London: Hamish Hamilton, 2000)

  Suyver, F., and A. Meijerink, ‘Europium beveiligt de Euro’, Chemisch2Weekblad, 98, 4 (2002), 12–13

  Szydlo, Andrew, Water Which Does Not Wet Hands: The Alchemy of Michael Sendivogius (Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, 1994)

  Taylor, Sherwood F., The Alchemists: Founders of Modern Chemistry (London: Heinemann, 1951)

  Thompson, Silvanus P., The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs (London: Macmillan, 1910)

  Travers, Morris W., Sir William Ramsay (London: Edward Arnold, 1956)

  Travers, Morris W., The Discovery of the Rare Gases (London: Edward Arnold, 1928)

  Trifonov, D. N., and V. D. Trifonov, Chemical Elements: How They Were Discovered (Moscow: Mir, 1982)

  Tylecote, R. F., A History of Metallurgy, 2nd edn (London: Institute of Materials, 1992)

  Vasari, Giorgio, The Lives of the Artists, vol. 1 (London: Penguin, 1987)

  Veblen, Thorstein, The Theory of the Leisure Class (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1998)

  Venturi, Robert, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977)

  Wagner, Monika, Das Material der Kunst (Munich: C. H. Beck, 2001)

  Webster Smith, B., Sixty Centuries of Copper (London: Hutchinson, 1965)

  Weeks, Mary E., and Henry M. Leicester, Discovery of the Elements, 7th edn (Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education, 1968)

  White, Michael, Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer (London: Fourth Estate, 1997)

  Wilkin, Simon, ed., Sir Thomas Browne’s Works (London: William Pickering, 1835)

  Wilkinson, J. B., and R. J. Moore, eds., Harry’s Cosmeticology, 7th edn (London: George Godwin, 1982)

  Wilson, Arthur, The Living Rock (Abington, Cambs.: Woodhead Publishing, 1994)

  Zelizer, Barbie, Visual Culture and the Holocaust (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2000)

  Text Credits

  Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. The publisher apologizes for any errors or omissions and would be grateful to be notified of any correction that should be incorporated in future editions of this book.

  Extract from The Waste Land © the Estate of T. S. Eliot by permission of Faber and Faber Ltd.

  Extract from ‘Cargoes’ by John Masefield reproduced by permission of The Society of Authors as the Literary Representative of the Estate of John Masefield.

  Extract from Dr. Strangelove, copyright © 1963, renewed 1991, Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. All rights reserved. Courtesy of Columbia Pictures.

  Extract from A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, published by Penguin. Copyright © The University of the South, 1947; Copyright renewed © The University of the South, 1975. Reproduced by permission of Georges Borchardt Inc. in the UK. Reproduced by permission of New Directions Publishing Corp. in the USA.

  Extract from ‘Hier, in diesem Zink’ from Bertolt Brecht, Werke. Grosse kommentierte Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe, vol. 11. © Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurst an Main, 1988.

  Extract from ‘Roam Home to a Dome’ by R. Buckminster Fuller. Courtesy the Estate of R. Buckminster Fuller.

  Searchable Terms

  The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.

  The elements of the modern periodic table are indicated in bold.

  Abbas I (Persia) 309

  Abbott, Donald 323–4

  Abbott, Isabella 323

  Abd al-Rahman III 95

  Åbo see also Turku (Finland) 373, 375

  Afghanistan 56

  Agamemnon (ship) 243–4

  Age of Iron (Coetzee) 173

  Agricola (Georg Bauer) 25, 165

  alchemy/alchemists

  and antimony 345–6, 348

  and gold 28, 190, 221–2

  and mercury–sulphur reaction 97–100

  and other metals 50, 51, 219, 221–2, 227–8

  and the four ‘elements’ and principles 148

  Chinese and Western theories of 47

  symbols 227–8

  The Alchymist (Wright) 117, 123–4

  Aldeburgh (Suffolk) 186, 293

  Aldersey-Williams, Hugh

  elements collection of 4–6, 9, 55, 61

  family 147, 186, 214, 253, 287, 316, 321, 344

  performs experiments 12, 61–5, 113, 115–23, 145–7, 205, 214–15, 227, 265

  school and childhood recollections 1, 3–4, 6–7, 9, 153, 176, 205

  works with plutonium 76–8, 80

  Alexander II (Russia) 214, 261

  Alexandria (Egypt) 276

  alkali metals 83, 86, 179–80, 360 see also named elements

  alkaline earths 178 see also named elements

  alloys 17, 20–21, 45, 46, 51, 60, 184, 207, 211, 219, 222, 233, 247, 264–5, 315, 343, 361, 368, 369, 375 see also brass, bronze, etc.

  Almadén (Spain) 95–7

  Alum Bay (Isle of Wight) 267

  alumina 260, 328

  aluminium 4, 84, 89, 97, 140, 184, 227, 253–65, 279, 299, 328, 244, 361, 369, 378, 379

  alternative spelling of 260

  and modernity 255

  lightweight 220, 255, 284

  regarded as precious 256, 259, 283

  aluminum see aluminium

  Alvarez, Santiago 226

  amalgams 23, 38, 96, 99, 178

  Amazon region 19, 65

  amber 28, 199–200, 325, 327, 358

  The American Language (Mencken) 260

  American Museum of Natural History (New York) 44–5

  Americas, pre-Columbian 21, 32, 95, 224, 349

  americium 70, 78, 394, 396

  amethyst 328

  Ampère, André-Marie 135, 144

  Amrani, Marité 169–70

  Andersen, Hans Christian 206

  Angel of the North (Gormley) 54, 222

  Anna Karenina (Tolstoy) 87

  Anthony, Earle C. 337

  antimony 154, 181, 207, 219, 317, 343–8, 382

  different forms of 345–6

  regulus or star 346–8

  Antimony (Utah) 350

  Apollo 46

  Aquinas, Thomas 99

  Aranda, Marquis of 33

  Aranjuez (Spain) 241

  Are You a Bromide? (Burgess) 141

  Argentina 225

  argon 60, 277, 279, 337

  discovery of 85–6, 332–4

  Aristotle 148, 392

  Arkwright, Richard 124

  Armbruster, Peter 394–7

  Arrhenius, Carl Axel 373, 375, 385

  Arrhenius, Svante 25, 26

  arsenic 130, 309, 313, 314–21

  abundant in the environment 314, 321

  as pigment 287, 296, 316
, 318–19

  as poison 315–21, 350

  occurring with other ores 202, 203, 207, 308

  Artemis 46, 225

  astatine 71

  Atahualpa 19

  Athens 35, 232, 171

  Atlantic Ocean 19, 21, 26, 200, 212, 242–5, 299

  Auer, Carl 366–8, 376

  Australia 16, 22, 245

  Austria 68, 144, 208, 296

  Aztecs 18, 20, 45, 239

  Bacon, Francis 53, 148

  Bad Suderode (Germany) 166

  Ballard, J. G. 173, 300–302

  Balloon Dog (Koons) 305

  Baltimore (Maryland) 142

  Bangladesh 321

  Banham, Reyner 302–3

  Banks, Joseph 40

  Banner, Fiona 339–40

  Barcelona 95

  Barcelona Pavilion 299

  Barcelona University 226

  Barclay, Fiona 56–60

  barium 72, 162, 164, 178, 182, 184, 361

  Barthes, Roland 235

  baryta 178

  Bath 131, 166, 312

  Bauhaus (Germany) 298

  Baum, L. Frank 207, 330

  Les Baux (France) 255

  bauxite 255, 263

  Beagle (ship) 107

  Beaverbrook, Lord 263

  Becquerel, Henri 163

  Bedouin people 45

  Beijing 158

  Belcher, Edward 108–11

  bell metal 211–12

  Benjamin, Walter 223, 249

  Beowulf 327

  Bergman, Torbern 354, 355

  Berkeley (California) 71, 73, 90, 349–50, 360, 396

  berkelium 70, 396

  Berlin 26, 72, 130, 173, 220, 246, 248, 349, 375, 380

  Bernini, Gian Lorenzo 274

  Bernstein, Jeremy 79

  Bernstein, Leonard 300, 330

  Berthollet, Claude-Louis 136–7

  beryl 327–30

  beryllia 329

  beryllium 2, 329, 367, 379

  Berzelius, Jöns Jacob 71, 325–6, 329, 353, 356, 358, 369–73, 376, 378

  Besant, Annie 193–7

  Betjeman, John 173

  Bettle, Jim 61–5

  Beuys, Joseph 250

  The Bible 5, 103, 127, 265, 330, 338, 342–3 see also Revelation

  Big Ben 212

  The Big Money (Dos Passos) 30, 158

  Bilbao 280–83

  bismuth 162, 185, 207, 297, 395

  Black, Joseph 178

  Blake, William 53, 225

  Blandford Forum (Dorset) 63

  Bleak House (Dickens) 114

  Bleigiessen 214, 127

  Blok, Alexander 87–8

  blow-pipe 357–8

  Bohr, Niels 27, 82

  bohrium 394

  Bolívar, Simón 34

  Bones (Banner) 339

  The Book of Dave (Self) 174

  boron 2

  Boron (California) 350

  Boston 337–8

  ‘The Botanic Garden’ (Erasmus Darwin) 158

  Bouvard and Pécuchet (Flaubert) 389

  Bovingdon (Hertfordshire) 189

  Boyle, Robert 123

  Brand, Hennig 112–15, 117, 122, 123, 125, 127

  Brandt, Georg 309, 352, 355, 369

  brass 21, 51, 210, 247, 258

  Brazil 65

  Brecht, Bertolt 251, 269

  Brett, Jacob 242

  Brett, John Watkins 242

  brimstone 103–6, 112 see also sulphur

  Brisingamen 325, 327

  Bristol 176, 311–12

  Britannia (ship) 245

  British Museum (London) 13, 243

  Broadmoor hospital 190, 320

  bromide 139, 141

  bromine 1, 56, 142–3

  Bromo-Seltzer 139, 142

  bronze 11, 32, 35, 36, 48, 51, 204–5, 206, 211–12, 219, 222, 237, 247, 255, 258

  Brown, Denise Scott 341

  Browne, Thomas 28, 29, 334

  Brunel, Isambard Kingdom 54, 245

  Bryson, Bill 258

  Budapest 368

  Buddha 16

  Bunsen, Robert 179, 187, 366–8, 370

  Burgess, Anthony 173

  Burgess, Gelett 141

  ‘Burial of the Agitator in a Zinc Coffin’ (Brecht) 251

  Burma 329

  Buxton (Derbyshire) 166

  Byron, Lord 68

  Cabot, John 239

  cadmium

  as artists’ colour 287, 288–93, 312, 391

  as poisonous 292, 296

  discovery 287–8

  dropped over Norwich 293–5

  environmental pollution by 183, 289, 292

  caesium 179, 180, 187

  calamine 247, 288

  calcium 85, 121, 166, 178

  in living organisms 268–9, 275

  in sculpture 271–4

  white minerals of 10, 266–70

  Calder, Alexander 94–6

  California, University of 71

  californium 70, 396

  Cambridge (United Kingdom) 39, 131, 332, 381

  Canada 34

  Candide (Bernstein) 330

  Candide (Voltaire) 19–20

  Candy Heart (Koons) 305

  Cannery Row (Steinbeck) 321

  Canova, Antonio 274

  Canton (China) 111

  Capra, Frank 30

  carbon 5, 8, 12, 58, 69–70, 135, 154, 159, 329, 389

  as charcoal 62, 64, 66

  as coal 8, 11, 52, 62, 66

  as lamp black 269, 313, 343

  in steel-making 48, 52

  see also diamond

  Carbonari movement 61–9

  ‘Cargoes’ (Masefield) 8, 18

  Carrara (Italy) 271–2, 274

  Carthage 17, 200

  Cartier, Louis 35

  Casanova, Giacomo 33

  A Case for an Angel (Gormley) 222

  Casey, Thomas 258

  Cassiterides 199–203

  cassiterite 199, 204

  Catch-22 (Heller) 22

  Caucasian Chalk Circle (Brecht) 269

  Cavendish, Henry 152, 354

  Ceres (planet) 40, 372

  cerium 56, 168, 359, 368–9, 371–2, 278

  Cerne Abbas giant 267

  CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) 136

  Chabaneau, Pierre-François 32–3, 38–9

  charcoal see carbon

  Charlemagne 165

  Charles II (England) 125

  Charles III (Spain) 32

  Chartres cathedral 281, 306

  Chatterton, Thomas 319

  chemical formulae 59, 147, 370

  chemical symbols 74, 156, 370, 397

  Chevenix, Richard 38, 41, 43

  Chicago 73, 261

  China 92–4, 108, 109, 111, 247, 300

  chlorine 83, 138, 147, 159, 185, 352, 355

  as bleaching agent 128, 134, 391

  as disinfectant 136–7

  compounds in the environment 135–6

  in gas warfare 128–34

  Christie, Agatha 2, 186–90

  Christofle 256, 259

  chromium 2, 9, 61, 259, 292, 323, 324, 327–8, 329, 394

  and consumerism 297–304, 350

  pejoratively termed ‘chrome’ 9, 304–5, 347

  pigments 287, 295, 296, 312

  Churchill, Winston 47, 126

  cinnabar 93, 95, 98, 100–102 see also mercury

  Clark, Harry 61

  Clarke, David 229–30

  Claude, Georges 335–7

  Clemens, Samuel 22

  Cleopatra (Egypt) 275–6

  Cleve, Per 355, 374

  Cleveland, Grover 330

  coal see carbon

  Coalbrookdale (Shropshire) 52, 53

  cobalt 165, 292, 306–12

  blue 10, 295

  violet 314

  Cobalt (Idaho) 350

  Cocteau, Jean 90–92, 96

  Coetzee, J. M. 173

  Cognac (France) 376, 380

  Cohen, Leonard 140

  coin m
etals 4, 17, 22, 34, 51, 165, 207, 232, 240, 331, 355

  Cold War 90, 223, 396

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 156

  Colombia 19, 21, 109, 329

  colour

  in nature 291

  vocabulary of 295–6

  Colt, Samuel 231

  Columbus, Christopher 18, 20

  combustion 68–70, 105, 106, 113, 114, 125, 153–4, 158

  Conrad, Joseph 172

  Conreen, Martin 205, 209

  Constable, John 296

  Constantinople 237

  Cooke, William Fothergill 241

  Cookworthy, William 310–11

  Coolidge, Calvin 137

  Copenhagen 27, 45, 55, 380, 396

  copernicium 397

  Copernicus, Nicolaus 397

  copper 2, 4, 7, 20–21, 31, 48, 74, 89, 151, 201, 203, 204–5, 206, 207, 210, 211, 228, 229, 232, 233, 247, 259, 262, 265, 286, 304, 307, 358, 368, 389

  as one of the ancient metals 31, 103, 227, 250, 278

  mines and deposits 49, 202, 351–2, 378

  used in batteries 155, 176

  used in fireworks 180, 182, 184–5

  used in roofing 237–9, 258

  used in telegraphy 240–46

  Copper Center (Alaska) 350

  Corneliussen, Ole 313, 314

  Cornwall 200–202, 311

  coronium 192, 195

  Cortés, Hernando 18–20, 239

  Cortés, Hernando cosmetics 96, 168, 226, 342–3, 344

  Cotton, Elmer 133

  Courtois, Bernard 143–6

  craft and craftspeople 11, 19, 26, 33, 34, 48, 207–8, 229, 256, 264, 270, 276–7, 279, 306, 310

  Crane Park (London) 217

  Crash (Ballard) 301–2

  Crete 199

  Cripple Creek (Colorado) 23–4

  Croesus 17

  Cromer (Norfolk) 268

  Crookes, William 187–8, 195, 197

  Cuba 18, 20

  Curie Museum (Paris) 169–70 see also Radium Institute (Paris)

  Curie, Marie 2, 7, 82, 86, 161–5, 167–70, 362, 363, 376

  Curie, Pierre 7, 86, 161–3, 362, 363, 376

 

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