3. Pub. L. No. 75–10, 50 Stat. 24; see also Myers, “Judicial Service,” p. 47.
4. See ibid.; see also Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, p. 44.
5. Myers, “Judicial Service,” p. 47; Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, p. 44.
6. Myers, “Judicial Service,” p. 47.
7. Ibid.; see also 28 U.S.C. § 371(c).
8. 28 U.S.C. § 371(a).
9. 28 U.S.C. § 371(e)(1).
10. Artemus Ward, Deciding to Leave: The Politics of Retirement from the United States Supreme Court (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003), p. 186.
11. Id. at 188–89.
12. Id. at 190.
13. Id. at 191.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid. (quoting letter).
17. These figures are derived from Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, pp. 429–35, and updated to include the retirements of Justices Stevens and Souter.
18. Myers, “Judicial Service,” p. 48.
19. Ibid.
20. See Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, pp. 429–35.
21. Id. at 429–30.
22. Ward, Deciding to Leave, pp. 186–89.
23. Id. at 122–24; see also United States Supreme Court website, “Frequently Asked Questions” (2012), available at http://www.supremecourt.gov/faq_justices.aspx.
24. G. Edward White, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: Law and the Inner Self (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 467; Novick, Honorable Justice, p. 375.
25. White, Justice Holmes, p. 467.
26. Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, p. 431
27. Ibid.
28. Id. at 430.
29. See Supreme Court Historical Society, “John A. Campbell, 1853–1861,” available at http://www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/associate-justices/john-campbell-1853–1861.
30. The Slaughter House Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873).
31. Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, p. 430.
32. Id. at 431; see also Supreme Court Historical Society, “Charles Evans Hughes, 1930–1941,” available at http://www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/chief-justices/charles-evans-hughes-1930–1941.
33. Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, p. 429.
34. Roy M. Mersky and William D. Bader, The First One Hundred Eight Justices (Buffalo, NY: W. S. Hein, 2004), p. 20.
35. Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, p. 431.
36. Id. at 434.
37. Id. at 430.
38. Id. at 431; Mersky and Bader, The First One Hundred Eight Justices, p. 20.
39. Ward, Deciding to Leave, p. 174.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Epstein et al., The Supreme Court Compendium, p. 430.
44. Id. at 433.
45. Myers, “Judicial Service,” p. 48. This number includes Justices Van Devanter, Reed, Burton, Clark, Stewart, Powell, Brennan, Marshall, White, O’Connor, and Souter. See ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. GTE Sylvania, Inc. v. Continental T.V., Inc., 433 U.S. 36 (1977).
48. Myers, “Judicial Service,” p. 53.
49. Id. at 54.
50. Id. at 54.
51. Supreme Court Historical Society, “Stanley F. Reed, 1938–1957,” available at http://www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/associate-justices/stanley-reed-1938–1957.
52. Myers, “Judicial Service,” pp. 49–50.
53. Id. at 51.
54. Id. at 54–55.
55. Id. at 55.
56. Patrick T. Hand, “Senior Status,” Washington Lawyer (July/August 1993), p. 27 (quoting Justice Powell).
57. Justice O’Connor resignation letter, available at http://www.c-span.org/pdf/resignation_070105.pdf.
SUPREME COURT “FIRSTS”
1. George Pellew, John Jay (New York: Chelsea House, 1980), p. 1.
2. Id. at 8.
3. Id. at 235.
4. Irving Dillard, “John Jay,” in Friedman and Israel, The Justices, vol. 1, pp. 2, 9.
5. Pellew, John Jay, pp. 235–37.
6. Id. at 261.
7. William R. Casto, The Supreme Court in the Early Republic: The Chief Justiceships of John Jay and Oliver Ellsworth (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995), pp. 87–88.
8. Dillard, “John Jay,” in Friedman and Israel, The Justices, vol. 1, p. 17.
9. Leon Friedman, “John Rutledge,” in Friedman and Israel, The Justices, vol. 1, pp. 23, 35.
10. Ibid.
11. Id. at 36.
12. Ibid.; see also Casto, The Supreme Court in the Early Republic, pp. 90–91.
13. Matthew D. Marcotte, “Advice and Consent: A Historical Argument for Substantive Senatorial Involvement in Judicial Nominations,” New York University Journal of Legislation & Public Policy 5 (2001), p. 541.
14. David J. Garrow, “Mental Decrepitude on the U.S. Supreme Court: The Historical Case for a 28th Amendment,” University of Chicago Law Review, 67 (2000), p. 999.
15. Casto, The Supreme Court in the Early Republic, pp. 93–94.
16. Id. at 92–93.
17. Id. at 95.
18. Ibid.
19. John Bilyeu Oakley and Robert S. Thompson, Law Clerks and the Judicial Process: Prescriptions of the Qualities and Functions of Law Clerks in American Courts (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), p. 10.
20. Paul R. Baier, “The Law Clerks: Profile of an Institution,” Vanderbilt Law Review 26 (1973), p. 1130.
21. Ibid.
22. Mark R. Brown, “Gender Discrimination in the Supreme Court’s Clerkship Selection Process,” Oregon Law Review 75 (1996), pp. 362–363 and n.21; Ruth Bader Ginsburg, “The Washington College of Law Founders Day Tribute,” American University Journal of Gender & Law 5 (1996), p. 1.
23. David J. Danelski, “Lucile Lomen: The First Woman to Clerk at the Supreme Court,” Journal of Supreme Court History 24 (1999), p. 48.
24. Ginsburg, “Founders Day Tribute,” p. 2.
25. Ibid.
26. Data compiled by Supreme Court research librarian Jill Duffy.
27. Kluger, Simple Justice, p. 292.
28. Id. at 292–93.
29. Dennis J. Hutchinson, The Man Who Once Was Whizzer White: A Portrait of Justice Byron R. White (New York: Free Press, 1998), p. 196.
30. Clare Cushman, The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1995), p. 537.
31. Phyllis A. Kravitch, “Women in the Legal Profession,” Mississippi Law Journal 69 (1999), pp. 62–63.
32. Mary L. Clark, “Why Care About the History of Women in the Legal Profession?,” Women’s Rights Law Reporter 27 (2006) p. 60.
33. Kaiser v. Stickney, 26 L. Ed. 176 (1880).
34. Carl E. Swisher, Carl Brent Swisher. and Paul A. Freund, History of the Supreme Court of the United States, vol. 5, The Taney Period, 1836–64 (New York: Macmillan, 1974), p. 31.
35. See Carl Brent Swisher, Roger B. Taney (Hamden, CT: Archon, 1961), pp. 316–17.
36. Id. at 104.
37. Watts v. Indiana, 338 U.S. 49, 54 (1949).
38. John Henry Hatcher, “Fred Vinson: Congressman from Kentucky. A Political Biography: 1890–1938” (diss. University of Cincinnati, 1967), p. 82.
39. Id. at 98.
40. Id. at 95.
PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS
itr.1 David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images
1.1 John Martin/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
1.2 Attributed to Rembrandt Peale/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
1.3 Jim Berryman/The Washington Star, June 3, 1952
1.4 Eileen Colton/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United Stat
es
1.5 Guernsey LePelley/© 1974 The Christian Science Monitor (www.CSMonitor.com). Reprinted with permission.
2.1 AP photo
2.2 University of Michigan Museum of Art, Bequest of Henry C. Lewis, 1895.42, Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
2.3 Unknown artist/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
2.4 Harris & Ewing, Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
2.5 Illustration by Taylor Jones/© 1981 The Charleston (W. Va.) Gazette
3.1 Unknown artist/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
3.2 Photograph © 1996 Fred J. Maroon
3.3 E. Moebius/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
3.4 Franz Jantzen/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
3.5 Franz Jantzen/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
7.1 Louis Prang & Co. Lithographers, Library of Congress
7.2 A 1954 Herblock Cartoon, © The Herb Block Foundation
7.3 Art Lien, Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
8.1 Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
8.2 Charley Humberger, National Park Service/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
8.3 Richard Hofmeister, Smithsonian Institution/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
8.4 Michael Evans, The White House/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
8.5 Mary Anne Fackelman, The White House/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
8.6 Franz Jantzen/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
8.7 Ray Lustig/The Washington Post/Getty Images
9.1 Eileen Colton/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
9.2 Franz Jantzen/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
10.1 Napoleon Sarony, Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
10.2 Harris & Ewing/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
10.3 © Yousuf Karsh
12.1 Steve Petteway/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
12.2 Attributed to Benjamin Falk/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
12.3 Harris & Ewing/Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
12.4 AP photo/George Widman
BY SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR
Lazy B
The Majesty of the Law
Out of Order
Chico
Finding Susie
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR was born in El Paso, Texas, and raised on the Lazy B Ranch. She attended Stanford University, where she took Wallace Stegner’s writing course. She began her public service in Phoenix, and was majority leader of the Arizona Senate before becoming a judge. She is the author of Lazy B, a memoir about growing up in the Southwest, and The Majesty of the Law, a reflection on American law and life. President Reagan nominated her as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and she served from 1981 to 2006. She served as Chancellor of the College of William & Mary, and is on the board of trustees of the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia.
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