Book Read Free

The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

Page 222

by Stephen Jay Gould

Van der Pas, P. W. 1970. The correspondence of Hugo de Vries and Charles Darwin. Janus 57: 173-213.

  Van Valen, L. 1973. A new evolutionary law. Evol. Theory 1: 1-30.

  Vermeij, G. J. 1977. The Mesozoic marine revolution: evidence from snails, preda­tors, and grazers. Paleobiology 3: 245-258.

  --------1978. Biogeography and Adaptation. Cambridge MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

  --------1980. Gastropod growth rate, allometry, and adult size: environmental impli­cations. In D. C. Rhoads and R. A. Lutz, eds., Skeletal Growth in Organisms. N.Y.: Plenum, pp. 379-394.

  --------1987. Evolution and Escalation: An Ecological History of Life. Princeton N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press.

  Villee, C. A., W. F. Walker, Jr., and R. D. Barnes. 1989. Biology. Philadelphia PA: W. B. Saunders.

  Vogel, K. 1983. Macht die biologische Evolution Sprunge? Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner.

  Von Baer, K. E. 1828. Uber Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere. Konigsberg: Borntrager.

  --------1866. Uber Prof. Nic. Wagner's Entdeckung von Larven die sich fortpflanzen, [Page 1383] und uber die Padogenesis uberhaupt. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sciences St. Petersburg 9: 63-137.

  Vrba, E. S. 1980. Evolution, species and fossils: how does life evolve? South African Jour. Sci. 76: 61-84.

  --------1983. Macroevolutionary trends: new perspectives on the roles of adaptation and incidental effect. Science 221: 387-389.

  --------1984a. Evolutionary pattern and process in the sister-group Alcelaphini-Aepycerotini (Mammalia: Bovidae). In N. Eldredge and S. M. Stanley, eds., Liv­ing Fossils. N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, pp. 62-79.

  --------1984b. What is species selection? Systematic Zool. 33: 318-328.

  --------(ed.) 1985a. Species and Speciation. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum.

  --------1985b. Environment and evolution: alternative causes of temporal distribution of evolutionary events. South Afr. Jour. Sci. 81: 229-236.

  --------1989. Levels of selection and sorting with special reference to the species level. Oxford Surveys Evol. Biol. 6:111-168.

  Vrba, E. S., and N. Eldredge. 1984. Individuals, hierarchies and processes: towards a more complete evolutionary theory. Paleobiology 10: 146-171.

  Vrba, E., and S. J. Gould. 1986. The hierarchical expansion of sorting and selection: Sorting and selection cannot be equated. Paleobiology 12: 217-228.

  Waagen, W. 1869. Die Formenreihe des Ammonites subradiatus. Paleont. Beitrdge 2: 179-256. Waddington, C. H. 1960. Evolutionary Adaptation. In S. Tax, ed., Evolution After Darwin, Volume I, The Evolution of Life. Chicago IL: Univ. of Chicago Press, pp. 381-402.

  --------1967. Discussion. In P. S. Moorehead and M. M. Kaplan, eds., Mathematical Challenges to the Neodarwinian Interpretation of Evolution. Philadelphia PA: Wistar Institute.

  Wade, M. J. 1978. A critical review of the model of group selection. Quart. Rev. Biol. 53:101-114.

  --------1985. Soft selection, hard selection, kin selection, and group selection. Amer. Naturalist 125: 61-73.

  Wade, M. J., and D. E. McCauley. 1980. Group selection: the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of small populations. Evolution 34: 799-812.

  Wagner, D., R. W. M. Sablowski, and E. M. Meyerowitz. 1999. Transcriptional acti­vation of APETALA1 by LEAFY. Science 285: 582-584.

  Wagner, G. P. 1988. The influence of variation and developmental constraints on the rate of multivariate phenotypic evolution. Jour. Evol. Biol. 1: 45-66.

  --------1989. The biological homology concept. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics 20: 51-69.

  Wagner, P. J. 1995. Testing evolutionary constraint hypotheses with early Paleozoic gastropods. Paleobiology 21: 248-272.

  --------1996. Contrasting the underlying pattern of active trends in morphologic evolution. Evolution 50: 990-1007.

  --------1999. The utility of fossil data in phylogenetic analyses: a likelihood example using Ordovician-Silurian species of the Lophospiridae (Gastropoda: Murchisoniina). Am. Malacol. Bull. 15: 1-31.

  Wagner, P. J., and D. H. Erwin. 1995. Phylogenetic patterns as tests of speciation models. In D. H. Erwin and R. L. Anstey, eds., New Approaches to Speciation in the Fossil Record. N.Y.: Columbia Univ. Press, pp. 87-122.

  Wake, D. B. 1991. Homoplasy: the result of natural selection or evidence of design limitation. Amer. Naturalist 138: 543-567.

  Wake, D. B., G. Roth, and M. H. Wake. 1983. On the problem of stasis in organismal evolution. J. Theor. Biol. 101: 211-224. [Page 1384]

  Waldrop, M. M. 1990. Spontaneous order, evolution, and life. Science 247: 1543-1545.

  Wallace, A. R. 1870. The measurement of geological time. Nature 1: 399-401, 452-455.

  --------1892. The earth's age. Nature 47: 175.

  --------1893. The earth's age. Nature 47: 227.

  --------1895a. The age of the earth. Nature 51: 607.

  --------1895b. Uniformitarianism in geology. Nature 52: 4.

  --------1909. The origin of the theory of natural selection. Popular Science Monthly 72: 396-400.

  Walther, C, and P. Gruss. 1991. Pax-6, a murine-paired box gene, is expressed in the developing CNS. Development 113: 1435-1449.

  Ward, P. 1992. On Methuselah's Trail: Living Fossils and the Great Extinctions. N.Y.: W. H. Freeman.

  Warren, R., L. Nagy, J. Selegue, J. Gates, and S. Carroll. 1994. Evolution of homeotic gene regulation and function in flies and butterflies: testing the Lewis hypothesis. Nature 372: 458-461.

  Warsh, D. 1990. What goes up sometimes levels off. Boston Globe.

  --------1992. Redeeming Karl Marx. Boston Globe, May 3.

  Waters, J. A. 1981. Evolution of the carboniferous blastoid Pentremites Say: a case for phyletic gradualism or punctuated equilibrium? GSA Abstracts with Pro­grams 13: 576.

  Weatherbee, S. D., and S. B. Carroll. 1999. Selector genes and limb identity in arthro­pods vertebrates. Cell 97: 283-286.

  Weatherbee, S. D., H. F. Nijhout, L. W. Grunert, G. Haider, R. Galant, J. Selegue, and S. Carroll. 1999. Ultrabithorax function in butterfly wings and the evolu­tion of insect wing patterns. Current Biology 9: 109-115.

  Wei, K. 1994. Allometric heterochrony in the Pliocene-Pleistocene planktic foraminiferal clade Globoconella. Paleobiology 20: 66-84.

  Wei, K. Y., and J. P. Kennett. 1988. Phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium in the late Neogene planktonic foraminiferal clade Globoconella. Paleobiology 14: 345-363.

  Weigel, D., and E. M. Meyerowitz. 1994. The ABCs of floral homeotic genes. Cell 78: 203-209.

  Weigel, D., and O. Nilsson. 1995. A developmental switch sufficient for flower initia­tion in diverse plants. Nature 377: 495-500.

  Weiner, A. M., and N. Maizels. 1999. A deadly double life. Science 284: 63-64.

  Weiss, H., and R. S. Bradley. 2001. What drives societal collapse? Science 291: 609-610.

  Weiss, K. M. 1990. Duplication with variation: metameric logic in evolution from genes to morphology. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 33: 1-23.

  Weismann, A. 1891. Amphimixis; oder, die Vermischung der Individuen. Jena: G. Fischer.

  --------1893. Allsufficiency of natural selection. Contemp. Rev. 64: 309-338.

  --------1895. Neue Gedanken zur Vererbungsfrage. Jena: Gustav Fischer.

  --------1896. On Germinal Selection. Chicago IL: Open Court Publishing Co.

  --------1902. Vortrage iiber Descendenztheorie. Jena: Gustav Fischer.

  --------1903. The Evolution Theory. London: Edward Arnold.

  --------1909. The selection theory. In A. C. Seward, ed., Darwin and Modern Sci­ence. Cambridge UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 18-65.

  Weller, J. M. 1961. The species problem. Jour. Paleontology 35: 1181-1192.

  Wells, W. C. 1818. An account of a female of the white race of mankind, part of whose skin resembles that of a Negro. In W. C. Wells, Two Essays (his collected works, posthumously published). London: S. Constable & Co., pp. 425-439. [Page 1385]

  Werren, J. H. 1991. The paternal-sex-ratio chromosome of Nasonia. Amer. Natural­ist 137: 392-402.

  Werren, J. H.
, and L. W. Beukeboom. 1993. Population genetics of a parasitic chro­mosome: theoretical analysis of PSR in subdivided populations. Amer. Naturalist 142: 224-241.

  Werren, J. H., U. Nur, and C. I. Wu. 1988. Selfish genetic elements. Trends Ecol. Evol. 3: 297-302.

  Wessels, N. K., and J. L. Hopson. 1988. Biology. N.Y.: Random House.

  West, R. M. 1979. Apparent prolonged evolutionary stasis in the middle Eocene hoofed mammal Hyopsodus. Paleobiology 5: 252-260.

  West-Eberhard, M. J. 1986. Review of Evolution Through Group Selection, by V. C. Wynne-Edwards. Jour. Genetics 65: 213-217.

  Westoll, T. S. 1949. On the evolution of the Dipnoi. In G. L. Jepsen, E. Mayr, and G. G. Simpson, eds., Genetics, Paleontology and Evolution. Princeton N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press.

  Whatley, R. C. 1985. Evolution of the ostracods Bradleya and Poseidonamicus in the deep-sea Cainozoic of the south-west Pacific. Special Papers in Palaeontology 33: 103-116.

  Wheeler, W. M. 1909. Predarwinian and postdarwinian biology. Popular Science Monthly 72: 381-385.

  Whewell, W. 1837. History of the Inductive Sciences. London: John W. Parker.

  --------1869. History of the Inductive Sciences, 3rd Edition. N.Y.: D. Appleton.

  White, M. T. D. 1945. Animal Cytology and Evolution. Cambridge UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.

  White, T. D., and J. M. Harris. 1977. Suid evolution and correlation of African local­ities. Science 198: 13-21.

  Whiteman, H. H. 1994. Evolution and facultative paedomorphosis in salamanders. Quart. Rev. Biol. 69: 205-221.

  Whiten, A., and R. A. Byrne. 1988. Taking (Machiavellian) intelligence apart. In R. A. Byrne and A. Whiten, eds., Machiavellian Intelligence. Oxford UK: Ox­ford Univ. Press, pp. 50-55.

  Whitman, C. O. 1919. Orthogenetic Evolution in Pigeons. Carnegie Inst. Washing­ton Publications No. 257.

  Wiester, J. L. 1980. The Genesis Connection.

  Wiggins, V. D. 1986. Two punctuated equilibrium dinocyst events in the Upper Mio­cene of the Bering Sea. AASP Contrib. Series 17: 159-167.

  Willey, A. 1911. Convergence in Evolution. London: Murray.

  Williams, E. 1980. Evolution's believers need a church of their own. St. Petersburg Times.

  Williams, G. C. 1966. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Oxford UK: Oxford Univ. Press.

  --------1975. Sex and Evolution. Princeton NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.

  --------1992. Natural Selection: Domains, Levels and Challenges. N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

  Williamson, P. G. 1981. Paleontological documentation of speciation in Cenozoic molluscs from Turkana Basin. Nature 252: 298-300.

  --------1985. Punctuated equilibrium, morphological stasis and the paleontolog­ical documentation of speciation: A reply to Fryer, Greenwood and Peake's critique of the Turkana Basin mollusk sequence. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 26: 307-324.

  --------1987. Selection or constraint?: A proposal on the mechanism of stasis. In K. S. W. Campbell and M. E Day, eds., Rates of Evolution. London: Allen & Unwin, pp. 129-142.

  Willis, J. C. 1922. Age and Area. Cambridge UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. [Page 1386]

  Wilson, D. S. 1980. The Natural Selection of Populations and Communities. Menlo Park CA: Benjamin Cummings.

  --------1983. The group selection controversy: history and current status. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics 14: 159-181.

  --------1989. Levels of selection: an alternative to individualism in biology and the human sciences. Social Networks 11:257-272.

  Wilson, D. S., and R. K. Colwell. 1981. Evolution of sex ratio in structured demes. Evolution 35: 882-897.

  Wilson, D. S., and E. Sober. 1989. Reviving the superorganism. Jour. Theor. Biol. 136: 337-356.

  --------1994. Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences. Be­havioral Brain Sci. 17: 585-654.

  Wilson, E. O., T. Eisner, W. R. Briggs, R. E. Dickerson, R. L. Metzenberg, R. D. O'Brien, M. Susman, and W. E. Boggs. 1973. Life on Earth. Stamford CT: Sinauer Assoc.

  Wilson, L. G. 1970. Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question. New Haven CT: Yale Univ. Press.

  Wimsatt, W. 1981. Units of selection and the structure of the multi-level genome. PSA 1980, vol. 2, Philosophy of Science Assoc, pp. 122-183.

  Wistow, G. 1993. Lens crystallins: gene recruitment and evolutionary dynamism. Trends Biochem. Sci. 18: 301-306.

  Wolfe, J. A. 1990. Long-term biotic effects of major climatic perturbations. Fourth Int. Cong. Syst. Evol. Biol. Abstract Volume.

  Wollin, Andrew. 1996. A hierarchy-based approach to punctuated equilibrium: an al­ternative to thermodynamic self-organization in explaining complexity. Ab­stract, INFORMS National Meeting, Atlanta GA.

  Wolpoff, M. H. 1984. Evolution in Homo erectus: the question of stasis. Paleobiol. 10:389-406.

  Wray, G. A. 1995. Punctuated evolution of embryos. Science 267: 1115-1116.

  Wray, G. A., and C. J. Lowe. 2000. Developmental regulatory genes and echinoderm evolution. Systematic Biol. 49: 151-174.

  Wray, G. A., J. S. Levinton, L. H. Shapiro. 1996. Molecular evidence for deep Precambrian divergences among metazoan phyla. Science 274: 568-573.

  Wright, R. 1994. The Moral Animal. N.Y.: Pantheon Books.

  Wright, S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16: 97-159.

  --------1932. The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection in evo­lution. Proc. 6th Int. Cong. Genetics 1: 356-366.

  --------1960. Physiological genetics, ecology of population, and natural selection. In S. Tax, ed., Evolution After Darwin, Volume I, The Evolution of Life. Chicago IL: Univ. of Chicago Press, pp. 429-475.

  --------1967. Comments on the preliminary working papers of Eden and Waddington. In P. S. Moorehead and M. M. Kaplan, eds., Mathematical Chal­lenges to the Neodarwinian Interpretation of Evolution. Philadelphia PA: Wistar Institute Press: Monograph 5.

  --------1978. Evolution and the Genetics of Populations. Four Volumes. Chicago IL: Univ. of Chicago Press.

  --------1980. Genie and organismic selection. Evolution 34: 825-843.

  --------1982. Character change, speciation and the higher taxa. Evolution 36: 427-443.

  Wynne-Edwards, V. C. 1962. Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behavior. Ed­inburgh: Oliver 8c Boyd.

  Xiao, S., Y. Zhang, and A. H. Knoll. 1998. Three-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite. Nature 391: 553-558.

  Yoon, C. K. 1996. Bacteria seen to evolve in spurts. New York Times, June 25. [Page 1387]

  Yu, K., M. A. Sturtevant, B. Biehs, V. Francois, R. W. Padgett, R. K. Blackman, E. Bier. 1996. The Drosophila decapentaplegic and short gastrulation genes func­tion antagonistically during adult wing vein development. Development 122: 4033-4044.

  Ziegler, A. M. 1966. The Silurian brachiopod Eocoelia hemisphaerica (J. de C. Sowerby) and related species. Palaeontology 9: 523-543.

  [Page 1388]

  Illustration Credits

  Figure

  Source

  p. ii

  From Filippo Buonanni, Ricreatione dell'occhio e della nell'osservation delle Chiocciole (Rome, 1681).

  1.01

  © Elio Ciol/CORBIS.

  1.02

  © John & Dallas Heaton/CORBIS.

  1.03

  From Scilla, 1670.

  1.04

  From Scilla, 1670.

  Part I

  From Filippo Buonanni, Ricreatione dell'occhio e della nell'osservation delle Chiocciole (Rome, 1681).

  2.01

  From Scilla, 1670.

  3.01

  From Lamarck, 1809.

  3.02

  From Lamarck, 1815.

  3.03

  From Lamarck, 1809.

  3.04

  From Spencer, 1893b.

  3.05

  From Darwin, 1859.

  3.06

  From Stauffer, 1975. Reprinted with permission of Can Press.

  4.01

  Drawing by Laszlo Meszoly.

  4.02r />
  Drawing by Laszlo Meszoly.

  4.03

  Drawing by Laszlo Meszoly.

  4.04

  Drawing by Laszlo Meszoly.

  4.05

  Drawing by Laszlo Meszoly.

  4.06

  Drawing by Laszlo Meszoly.

  4.07

  From P. H. Gosse, Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot. (London: John Van Voorst, 1857).

  4.08

  From author's collection.

  4.09

  From Goethe, 1790.

  4.10

  From author's collection.

  4.11

  From Geoffroy Saint-Hailaire, 1830.

  4.12

  From author's collection.

  4.13

  From Owen, 1849.

  4.14

  From Owen, 1849.

  4.15

  From Owen, 1849.

  5.01

  From author's collection.

  5.02

  From Gould, 1977a.

  5.03

  From Gould, 1977a.

  5.04

  From Hilgendorf, 1866.

  5.05

  From the collection of Invertebrate Paleontology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univeversity.

  [Page 1389]

  Figure

  Source

  5.06

  From Gould, 1993e.

  5.07

  From Gould, 1993e.

  5.08

  From Gould, 1993e.

  5.09a

  From De Vries, 1909a, Plate III.

  5.09b

  From De Vries, 1909a, p. 655, fig. 149.

  5.10

  From De Vries, 1909a, Plate I.

  7.01

 

‹ Prev