A Bird in Flight Leaves No Trace
Page 34
composition of, 1, 125
editions and translations of, 6–9, 316nn8–9
on one mind, 220
setting of, 22–23
style of, 12–13
title of, 9
eternalism, 161, 247–48
everyday mind, 67, 127
after one great death, 271
busyness and, 209
living in, 132, 288
maintaining, 192
as Way, 35, 84, 226
existence, 21, 94, 176, 254
clinging to, 98, 288
concept of, 105, 127, 155
of dharmas, 61, 62, 111
fundamental problem of, 48, 57–58
link of, 281
transcending, 103, 141
view of, 161, 269, 271
expedient instructions, 27, 33, 155, 258
being dragged around by, 200
Buddha’s teachings as, 115, 142, 152–53
for calming mind, 206
purpose of, 135, 273, 307–8
reality and, 160
three bodies as, 80
three realms as, 198–99
three vehicles as, 82
See also provisional teachings
experience (tiyan/cheheom; jingyan/gyeongheom), 2, 4, 6–7, 87, 290. See also breakthrough
eyes, five types, 47, 278–79. See also individual type
F
faith, 115, 131
arousing, 27, 46, 80
of beginners’, 33
in Buddhist teachings, 147–48
conceptualizing consciousness and, 75
of icchantikas, 71–72
lack of, 81–82
in Mahāyāna, 200
in mind as buddha, 24–25
of noble ones, 100
in nondual nature, 138, 139
as provisional, 249
relying on, 159
of Seon students, 66
fasting, 219
fear, 31, 57, 74, 86
Fenggan, 226
five aggregates (skandha), 48–49, 67–68, 247, 269, 270–71, 275, 281, 282–83
Five Houses, 13, 234
Flower Garland (Huayan/Hwaeom) school, 188, 328n144
Flower Garland Sūtra, 28, 161, 191, 281–82
forbearance, 194, 292, 293
Fourfold Collection (Sajip), 316n5
fruitions, four, 112, 209–10, 273, 274, 321n63
Fu Dashi, 158
Fujian province, 225
G
Gajisan school, 18
ganhwa Seon, 3–5, 10, 13, 176–77, 315n2, 316n5. See also hwadu; kanhua Chan
Gao’an province, 314
Gaofeng Yuanmiao, Essentials of Chan (Chanyao/Seonyo), 218, 316n5
gate of propagation, 134
“Gāthā on the Impermanence of All Compounded Things,” 114
ghost guarding a corpse, 282, 333n202
Goam Sunim, 10
gongan cases, 152
good and evil, 155, 159–60, 198, 245, 252, 309
gradual/sequential stages, 14, 26–27, 36–37, 39–40, 135, 253, 274, 282, 299
gratitude, 38, 104, 168, 192, 306
great matter of birth and death, 217–18, 221–22, 245, 251
Great Vehicle, 109, 114, 199
bodhisattvas’ view of, 72
direct approach of, 45, 64
faith in, 200
fruition of, 308
helping others in, 51
mind of, 91
misguided deeds in, 146, 211
Guangtang Monastery, 20
Guangye stūpa, 314
Guifeng Zongmi, 22, 154
Guizong Zhichang, 227–28
Guizongsi monastery, 228
Guoqingsi monastery, 226
H
habituations, 14, 39, 97, 99, 134
Haklena, 140
Hangzhou, 191
Hanshan, 226
Heart Sūtra, 78, 141, 208, 317n18
Heze school, 154
Hīnayāna. See Lesser Vehicle
hindrances, 6, 135, 212, 213, 292
Hongcheok, 18
Hongren, Fifth Patriarch, 118–19, 120, 169
Hongzhou lineage, 330n176
Hongzhou prefecture, 17, 225, 238
household life, leaving, 119, 225, 280–81
Huangbo, Mount, 17, 225, 314
Huangbo Xiyun, 1, 7–8, 12, 13, 17–18
and Guizong, 227–28
during Huichang persecution, 229–30, 238–39
influences on, 9
kindness of, 109, 133, 142
with Nanquan, 231, 232, 233–34, 235
passing of, 168, 314
pedagogy of, 102–3, 264
and Pei Xiu, relationship between, 19–20, 22, 70, 84–85, 107, 122, 136, 150, 151, 242
titles of, 230, 314
on tracking antelope, 236–37
travels to Tiantai, 225–26
See also Essentials of Transmitting the Mind-Dharma
Huangbosi (monastery), 17
Huayan doctrinal school, 154. See also Flower Garland (Huayan/Hwaeom) school
Huichang persecution of Buddhism, 230, 239, 240, 314
Huichang reign-era, 19–20
Huike, Second Patriarch, 138–39, 259, 303, 329n159
Huineng, Sixth Patriarch, 13, 17, 18, 318n31
on all dharmas, need for, 60, 137
with Nanyue Huairang, 170
on nonabiding, 166
on no-thought, 195
possession of bowl and robe by, 120–21
school of, 19, 310
on seeing nature, 208
selection as patriarch, 118–19
on spiritual merit and worldly blessings, 148
sudden awakening of, 205
“where can dust alight” verse, 118, 167, 169, 258, 327n132
humility, 82, 181
Hundred Old Cases with Verse Commentary (Xuedou), 268, 284
hwadu (meditative topic), 199, 322n76
clinging in, 248
doubt and, 177
examining (kanhua/ganhwa), 27, 153
live word of, 49
“no” (wu/mu), 50
power of, 292
“What is it?,” 171, 268, 327n135
Hyecheol, 18
I
“I.” See self
icchantikas (incorrigibles), 71–72, 319n37
idealism, 248
ignorance, 26, 116, 181, 201–2, 203, 331n189
black-lacquer bucket of, 217, 218, 220
compassion for, 141–42
creating, 59, 64, 254
as defilements and illusions, 309
discrimination and, 132, 246
eradicating, 274
and extinction of ignorance, 162, 170, 178
fundamental, 74
as locus of enlightenment, 304–6, 307–8
origin of, 330–31n179
of original ground, 281, 282
practice and, 40
presumption of, 29
sense faculties and, 80
illusions, 94, 98, 106, 252, 289, 295, 305, 308–9
impermanence, 275, 308
of all compounded things, 113–14, 117, 210, 221–22, 321–22n67
annihilist view of, 247
of causes and conditions, 129
imprints, 288
insight, 48, 68, 106, 200, 280
insight meditation (vipaśyanā), 6, 64–65
intellect, 11, 19, 49, 161, 174, 179, 210
intellectual understanding, 175, 241
abandoning, 159
avoiding, 43, 56
clinging to, 143
displaying, 32
emptying, 94–95
falling into pit of, 99
hindrance/obstacle of, 135, 204
limits of, 263
not generating, 91–92
overturning, 214, 215
from practicing alone, 211
prizing, 209
seeking, 31
transcending, 22
&
nbsp; of two vehicles, 278
intention, 163, 172, 175, 181, 202, 205, 212–13. See also Buddha’s intent
International Meditation Center (Dongguk University), 10
Iron-Ring Mountains, 160, 161, 179
J
Jiangxi province, 17
Jiyu Sunim, 10
Jogye Order, 10, 13, 18, 19
Juzhi, 248, 330n176
K
Kaiyuan/Kaiyuansi monastery, 20, 238, 239
Kaliṅga, King, 193–94, 291–92
kanhua Chan, 13. See also ganhwa Seon.
karma, 14, 104, 130, 148
appearances and, 132
of bodhisattvas, 213
of buddhas and sentient beings, differences between, 77
compassion and, 190, 192
conditioning by, 129
creating, 261
dissolving old, 214
exhausting debt of, 189
from expedient practices, 134–35
fetters of, 180
fruition of, 38, 53, 104
functioning of, 302
as mirage, 184
misconceptions about, 144
nature and, 219
not giving rise to, 212
obstructions of, 269, 270–71
practice and, 40
propensities of, 206
of saints and worldlings, 100
sharing merit and, 51
Kāśyapa. See Mahākāśyapa
knowing and not knowing, difference between, 42, 117
knowledge
bodhi and, 169–70
deception due to, 204
discarding dry, 217
discriminative, 12
of expedients, 113
as impediment, 135
limits of, 90, 93–94, 108, 112
uncontaminated, 109–10
kōans, 2. See also hwadu (meditative topic)
Korean Buddhism, 2–3, 4, 5, 10, 18, 228, 315n2, 316n5
Kṣāntivādin, the ascetic, 193–94, 291–92, 294
Kṣitigarbha, 189
L
language, 165, 246
as conceptual proliferation, 259
freedom from, 163
investigating, 263
limitations of, 290, 306, 309
as means not goal, 125–26
transcending, 264, 273
See also speech; words and letters
Laṅkāvatara Sūtra, 333n205
Layman Pang (Pang Yun), 218, 226, 302
laypeople, training for, 3–5
learning
cessation of, 93, 95, 163
confusion from, 90–91
limitations of, 55, 112, 121, 138–39, 216–17
looking outside for, 292
as obstruction, 175, 207
Pei Xui’s, 152
Lesser Vehicle, 45, 50, 66–67, 72, 274, 321n63
Li Chen. See Xuanzong, Emperor
Liang kingdom, 138, 325n112
liberation, 21, 34, 47, 51, 93, 136, 208, 313
lifespan, 182
Lingyinsi (monastery), 191
Linji Yixuan, 13, 49, 95, 108, 137, 140, 152, 264, 324n93
Linji/Imje school, 13, 318n31
Linji’s three statements (sanju/samgu), 138, 254, 324n93, 331n183
lion’s roar, 119, 169
living patriarch (huozu/hwalcho), 140
logic and reasoning, 22, 24, 30–31, 86
Longxing Monastery, 20
Lotus Sūtra, 87
on ability to hear Buddha’s teachings, 66–67, 75, 319n39
on Buddha’s wisdom, 306
on “conjured city,” 70
on long-lost son shoveling manure, 215, 329n164
on one vehicle, 83, 320n45
on self-immolation to achieve buddhahood, 103
“Skillful Means” chapter of, 137–38, 324n92
loving-kindness, 32, 190, 192
Lu, Mount, 228
Luoyang, 206
M
Mahākāśyapa, 76, 83, 121, 167, 174, 267, 268, 320n46
Mahākātyāyana, 275
Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, 45, 72, 94, 113, 115, 265–66, 326n127, 330n172
Mahāsthāmaprāpta, 32
Mahāyāna. See Great Vehicle
Maitreya, 156, 281, 282
Mañjuśrī
condemned to Iron-Ring Mountains, 160, 179
as ignorance of original ground, 281, 282
as principle, 31–32, 33
sword of, 269–71
with Vimalakīrti, 284, 285
Manorhita, twenty-second Indian patriarch, 140
Māra, 112, 133, 208, 213, 246–47, 287, 288, 301
Māra’s path/way, 64, 116, 159, 219, 222
master/owner (zhurengong/juin’gong), 48
material possessions, craving for, 291–92
Materialist (Lokāyata) school, 331n185
materiality, 48, 150, 198, 281, 288, 318n28
Mazu Daoyi, 13, 18, 35, 84, 171, 228, 229–30, 302, 327n135, 330n176
Mazu’s Recorded Sayings, 18
McRae, John, 8–9
meditation
bliss of, 24
experience in, 87
provisional means of, 64, 288
reflective function of, 61
in Seon tradition, 2, 4, 5–6, 11, 153, 157, 177
meditative absorption (dhyāna), 27, 208, 318n24
mental activity, 221, 283, 299
mental impulses, 133, 219
mental pathways, cutting, 42
merit, 13, 24, 291
of bodhisattvas, 74
disseminating, 75
exhausting, 210
of offerings, 30, 317n16
of Pei Xui’s questions, 98
rebirth and, 189
sharing, 51
of three vehicles, 34
and worldly blessings, differences between, 148, 325n112
of Xuedou, 268
metaphors and similes, 316n5
adamantine cage, 316n5
ape, 143
arrow falling back to earth, 113, 210
arsenic powder, 250, 330n177
bird in flight, 77, 88, 222, 286, 311
blazing torch, 75
catching fish, forgetting weir, 92, 250, 320n48
chestnut burr, 4
chick and mother pecking at shell, 171
clouds, 54, 67, 68, 77, 135, 208, 253–54, 279
college and elementary-school students, 32
common as fur, rare as horn, 31
of compounded things, 129
digesting one drop of water, 121
doe and fawn died together, 270, 271, 332n193
dog chasing dirt clod, 73, 200, 268
drinking water, 298, 333n211
dust, pulverizing, 199, 301
eating from same bowl, 148
echoes, 262, 263, 289
floating ladle, 26
forks in road, 175
frost added to snow, 250, 330n178
fruit, fully ripe, 73
goose king, 240–41, 330n173
hauling away shit, 310
head seeking its head, 184
honey, 255
iron wall, 4, 27
jewels, 60–61
king’s ordination, 262
lightning flash, 211, 289
lion’s roar and foxes’ brains, 258
lotus flower, 271
medication and malady, 58
mercury, 188
mirrors, 52, 105–7, 182, 310
monkey, 206
moon, moonlight, shadows, 78, 130
ocean and rivers, 30
raft, 92
ram’s horns, 265–66, 267
sands of Ganges, 24, 29, 34, 128–29, 255, 296
silver mountain, 4, 27
snowflake on red-hot brazier, 207, 222, 278, 328n156
stamping seal in air, 173, 289
stream flowing in one direction, 221, 222
sun, 19, 27, 28, 42, 111
sword in royal armory, abs
ence of, 94, 265–66
taste of seawater, 188, 328n144
thief mistaken for one’s son, 59
thirsty person seeking water, 203
tumbleweeds, 158
turtle brushing its tracks, 77
wrestler with jewel on forehead, 44, 45–46, 47
yellow leaf, pretending its gold, 115, 126, 214, 257, 331n186
middle way, 21, 144, 150, 159–61, 175, 191, 221, 248, 289, 310
Min province, 225
mind, 23–24, 58, 162, 199
and body as spontaneous, 92–93
as bright and dark, 39
as buddha, 99–100, 127, 130, 138–39, 171–72, 176, 201, 245
clinging to, 56–57
continuity of, 117
emptiness of, 74, 220, 257
essence of, 19
free from panting, 209, 329n159
as free from views, 161
of free person, 212
functioning of, 310
as fundamental cause, 206, 207
as genuine transmission, 63
as illusory, 65–66
leaving no trace of, 112, 140, 204
nature of, 22, 103–4, 139–40
noble and worldly, 97–99
no-mind and, 37–38, 77–78
as nonabiding, 111–12, 205
nonarising of, 193–94
not grasping with mind, 23
not seeking with mind, 9, 44, 58, 93
original quiescence in, 25
pacifying, 139, 303
pure, 41–42
recognizing one’s own, 202, 208
resting, 95–96, 132–33, 137, 194
and sense objects, as not different, 67–69, 277–78
as signless, 259
as transcending fixed locus, 91
unconditioned, 159
unwavering, 135
mind seal/mind-stamp, 20, 243, 259, 267
mind-dharma, 1, 9, 44, 72–73, 83, 166–67, 220–21, 251
mind-eye, 139
mind-to-mind transmission, 59, 76–77, 83, 103–4, 166–67, 172, 175, 184–85, 259, 299
mirages, 26, 46, 50, 52, 58, 179, 295
created and destroyed, 99–100, 276
creating, 92, 303
deception by, 148, 201–2
dharma as, 116
entrapment by, 176
freedom from, 177
generated by dharma body, 81
impermanence of, 117, 139
karma as, 184
as mind, 107
myriad practices as, 129
as obstructions, 73
preaching dharma and, 79
thoughts as, 253
three realms as, 199
time and space as, 183
vanishing of, 111
morality, 59–60
mundane world, 68, 132, 211
myriad practices. See bodhisattva practices, myriad
N
Nanquan Puyuan, 18, 228, 231, 232, 233–34, 235
Nanyue Huairang, 18, 170
Naturalists, 256, 331n185
nature, 58, 106, 216
and characteristics, as not different, 32, 33
as empty and numinous, 220–21
empty space and, 28–29, 67–68
enlightened, 57–58, 91
illuminating, 121, 267