Paul Revere's Ride
Page 57
orders for, 85
importance of bridges, 127
training exercises, 86, 186, 385
advance patrol, 185, 324
departs Boston, 113–14
crosses Charles River, 115–17
lands near Lechmere Point, 115
mired in Cambridge marshes, 117–23
marches toward Lexington, 123–28
order to load, 187, 399
approaches Lexington, 181–88
impact of Revere’s capture, 184–86, 399
fight at Lexington, 188–201
approaches Concord, 204
searches town, 404
destroys liberty pole, 404
destroys munitions, 404
accidentally sets fire to town house, 404
Regulars and town join to fight fire, 404
fight at North Bridge, 214
Regulars broken at North Bridge, 214
Smith leads reinforcements to North Bridge, 215
British companies retreat from Barrett’s Mill, 216
retreat from Concord begins, 219
flanking parties, 219
fight at Meriam’s Corner, 221
fight at Bloody Curve, 227
fight at Brooks Hill and Brooks Tavern, 224
fight at Hartwell
Farms, 227
fight at Granite Pasture, 228
fight at Parker’s Revenge, 229
fight at the Bluff, 229
fight at Fiske’s Hill, 229
Regulars broken again after Fiske Hill, 230, 231
forms under fire at Concord Hill, 231
rescued by Percy at Lexington, 232, 242
casualties, 229, 230
strength, 114, 313, 314
inexperience of troops, 186
ammunition, 118
supplies, 118
chronology, 315
time, distance, speed, 126, 317, 414
maps, 116, 217, 223
historians, xvi, 315
Concord Hill (Lexington), 231, 411
Concord Inn, 287
Condon, Lorna, 424
Condy, James Foster, 303
Coney, John, 374
Congregational churches, 40, 60, 158, 159, 179, 375
Continental Congress, 26, 46, 185, 267
Contingency and choice in history, xvii, xviii, xix, 374, 423
BRITISH: George III, and imperial policy, 40–41, 50
Gage: and Whig-imperial dilemma, 37, 41, 58, 64, 76, 85, 265, 379
and Boston massacre, 38
and coercive acts, 39–41
and powder missions, 43–45
and shift to defensive, 48
Leslie, and Salem alarm, 62–64
Gage: plans and micro-manages Concord expedition, 80–85
choice of crossing point, 113–14
choice of landing place, 115–16
Smith: holds troops in Cambridge
marshes, 123, 263
detaches Pitcairn at Menotomy, 127
Pitcairn: puts Adair in van, 127
orders troops to load before entering Lexington, 187
loses control of column, 187–88
Adair: decides to turn right at Lexington, 189–190
circumstances of first shot, 196–94
Pitcairn loses control of men at Lexington, 196–98
Smith: recovers control at Lexington 199
decides to continue march, 199
Laurie, decisions at North Bridge, 211–12
Smith, delay in reinforcing Laurie, 263
Gage: obsession with secrecy delays march of Percy, 233–35
Percy decides to march without ammunition wagons, 242–43
choice of tactics in retreat, 245, 413
choice of Kent Lane route, 259, 414
Gage, loses battle for public opinion, 276–79
inevitability, as an act of choice, 65–77
AMERICAN: Mass. Provincial Congress, decides to establish alarm and muster system, 51, 152
Revere, Paul, “spirit”
and “means”
of resistance 48
organizes intelligence gathering, 51
organizes alarm system, 87–89, 99, 148
advance plans for lantern signals 89, 99
advance plans for escape from Boston by boat, 103–5
Warren, Joseph, decides to trigger alarm system, 94–96
Revere, Paul, designs and executes failsafe alarm procedures, 88, 98–99, 128–29
Adams, Samuel, and policy of “putting
enemy in the wrong.” 79
Revere helps concert this policy, 210
Parker executes policy at Lexington, 188–89, 210, 400–401
Barrett executes policy at Concord, 210
White, Ammi, murder of wounded Regular changes tone of engagement, 215–18, 406–7
Heath: and choice of American tactics, 247–50
command and control, 250–55
Committee of Safety, wins contest for
public opinion, 269–76
Revere assists in this process, 267–69
OTHER CONTINGENCIES: moon, 312
tides, 313
Cook, Samuel, 320
Coolidge, Calvin, 337
Coolidge, Joseph, 169, 321
Cooper, Benjamin, 257
Cooper, Rachel, 257
Cooper, Samuel, 144, 168, 303, 376
Cooper, William, 303, 376
Cooper Tavern, 108, 169, 257
Copley, John Singleton, 2–4, 14, 35, 37, 95, 176, 177, 178, 293
Cornwall, 76
Cotins, Lt. Henry, 310
Counter-intelligence, British, 89, 104, 273
Covenant, idea of, 12, 28, 153
Cox, Joseph, 286
Cox, Lt. Thomas, 322
Crafts, Thomas, 303, 382
Craig, Capt. Thomas Henry, 323
Crandall, Ralph, 424
Crane, John, 303
Craven, Catherine, 424
Cressy, Lee, 424
Cressy, Mary, 424
Cromwell, Oliver, 162, 163
Cromwell’s Head Tavern, Boston, 20, 302, 377, 382
Crosbie, Capt. William, 323
Crossley, Jack, 343
Crown Point, 19, 152
“Cuckolds Come Dig.” 71
Cudworth, Capt. Nathaniel, 222, 409
Culloden, battle of, 34
Cumine, Lt. George, 324
Cumming, Thomas, 398
Curtis, Judith M., 423
Cutler, Timothy, 12
Cutter, Ammi, 412
Cutts, Samuel, 54, 381
Dabney, Virginius, 343
Daland, Benjamin, 63
Dallin, Cyrus, 334, 338
Dana, Elizabeth Ellery, 336
Danforth, Susan, 423
Dann, John, 423
Danvers, Mass., 63, 64, 140, 163, 172, 256, 266, 320
Dartmouth, Earl of, 76–78, 80, 86, 264
Daughters of the American Revolution, 334
Davis, Caleb, 303
Davis, Edward, 303
Davis, Hannah, 165, 166
Davis, Capt. Isaac, 145, 155, 165, 166, 209, 212, 320, 406
Davis, Maj. Robert, 303
Davis, William, 303
Davison, Capt. William, 323
Dawes, Charles, 337
Dawes, Thomas, 303, 376
Dawes, William, 97, 129, 130, 131, 151, 180, 287, 332, 336, 337, 386, 392, 395
midnight ride, 97–98; 110–12; 141–43, 393
historians, 394
illus., 98
Dawson, Lt. George, 310
De Berniere, Ens. Henry, 81, 83, 84, 208, 222, 231, 262, 263, 290, 294
De Lancey, Capt. Oliver, 75, 80, 308
De Witt, William, 340
Debunkers, 336
H. L. Mencken, 338
Helen More, 338
American Mercury, 338
Boston Globe, 337
errors of, 337
debunk Paul Revere’s horse, 337, 389
compared with iconoclasts, 340
Dedham, Mass., 147, 156, 158, 311, 320
Deland, Benjamin, 320
Democracy, 39
Dennie, William, 301, 303
Depositions, American on battle, 275
Derby, Capt. John, 275
Deshon, Moses, 303
Despard, Lt. Andrew, 324
Deutsch, Sanna, 423
Devens, Richard, 90, 105, 106, 130, 141, 330, 389
Devon, 76
Dexter, Samuel, 303, 376
Diamond, William, 181, 188, 319, 398
Disease: camp fever, 269, 286, 287
canker rash, 166
malignant spotted fever, 66
throat distemper, 66
tuberculosis, 149
yellow fever, 376
Disorders, Britain and Ireland, 77
Ditson, Thomas, 70, 73, 220
Dodge, William, 391
Dodge, William III, 320
Doescher, Russell L., 312, 313
Dolbear, Edward, 303
Donahue, Brian, 424
Donkin, Capt. Robert, 323
Doolittle, Amos, 418
Dorchester Heights, 282
Dorr, Ebenezer, 388
Douglass, Joseph, 298
Dover, Mass., 121
Dover, N.H., 311
Dover Farms, 147
Downer, Eliphalet, 256
Doyle, Capt. Peter, 303
Dracut, Mass., 139
Drummers, 69, 181, 199, 298, 399, 403
Drummey, Peter, 424
Dumfries, Va., 325
Dunkerly, Joseph, 18
Dunmore, Gov. Lord (Va.), 277
Dunster, Henry, 396
Durham, N.H., 55
Dyer, Samuel, 41, 42, 377, 380
Dyert, John, 375
Eames, Capt. Jesse, 222
Earl, Ralph, 196, 213, 328, 418
East Anglia, 77, 98, 99, 106, 399
East Cambridge, Mass., 124
East Guilford, Conn., 325
East Sudbury, Mass., 83, 159, 160
see also Sudbury
Wayland
Eastman, Jane, 423
Eaton, Capt. Joseph, 303
Eaton, Noah, 230
Eayres, Joseph, 301, 303
Eayres, Thomas Stephens, 297
Eckley, 304
Edenton, N.C., 325
Edes, Benjamin, 20, 24, 304, 382
Edes, John, 20
Edes, Peter, 273
Edgell, Capt. Simon, 170, 222
Edinburgh, University of, 298
Edison, Thomas, xvi, 333, 407
Edwards, Sally, 297
Eight Bell Church, see Old North Church
Elizabeth, N.J., 325
Elizabeth I, 32
Elm Brook, 407
Ely, Carol, 424
Emerson, Frank, 168, 406
Emerson, Phebe Bliss, 168, 169
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 289, 332
Emerson, Rev. William, 168, 203–5, 213, 218, 273, 286, 289, 394, 404
Emmes, Samuel, 304
England, Lt. Pook, 323
England, Capt. Richard, 323
English Bill of Rights, 21
English opposition ideology, xix Estabrook, Prince, 286, 320
Etheridge, William, 304
Eton, 80
Evelyn, Lt. William, 126, 262
Everett, Israel, 320
Everett, Mass., 331
Exeter, N.H., 27
Fadree, Isannah, 300
Fairbanks, Joseph, 423
Fairfield, Conn., 325
Fallick, Bernice H., 423
Falmouth, Me., 284
Fanueil Hall, 41
Farmer, Nathaniel, 320
Farny, Michael, 424
Farrington, Capt. Anthony, 308
Fast days, 42, 70
Faulkner, Maj. Francis, 145, 250
Federalist party, 288, 293
Felt, Joseph, 320
Fenno, Samuel, 304
Fenwick, Capt. Lt. Robert, 308
Ferrell, Capt. Ambrose, 304
Fessenden, Thomas, 196
Field, Capt. Joseph, 304
Fifers, 156, 211, 230
Filiopietists, xvi, 389
Films: of midnight ride, Lexington, Concord, 333, 336, 407, 419, 420
Finney, Lt. William, 324
Firearms, range of, 407
see also Musketry
British army, arms and equipment
Militia, arms and equipment
Firle Place, Sussex, 32, 378
Fischer, Anne Whitmore, 424
Fischer, John Anderson, 424
Fischer, John Henry, 424
Fischer, Judith, 424
Fischer, Kate, 424
Fischer, Miles Pennington, 424
Fischer, Norma, 424
Fischer, Susanna, 424
Fischer, William Pennington, 424
Fisher, Dorothy Canfield, 339
Fisher, Keri, 424
Fiske Farm, 230
Fiske Hill, fight at, 221, 229, 231, 410
Fitch Tavern, 227
Fitzgerald, Capt. Edward, 323
Flagg, Bartholemew, 375
Flagg, Josiah, 304, 375
Flags, 162
Bedford, 163, 397
Concord, 204, 403
New England, 403
Sons of Liberty, 403
British regts. carry “colours”
on marches, 385
Fleet, Thomas, 304, 376
Flint, William, 320
Flucker, Thomas, 58, 382
Fontenoy, battle of, 34
Food, scarcity of, in Boston, 65, 262
Foot of Rocks, 125, 181
Forbes, Esther, 301, 338, 339, 344, 376, 382, 413
Ford, Pres. Gerald, 342
Ford, Sgt. John, 158, 224, 409
Fort Ticonderoga, 34
Fort William and Mary, N.H., 52, 54, 55, 381
Fosdick, Thomas, 19, 300
Foster, Bos., 304
Foster, Edmund, 224, 225, 410
Foster, Jacob, 391
Foster, Capt. Samuel, 304
Fowle, Jacob, 328
Fowle, Joshua, 388
Framingham, 147, 168–70, 220, 222, 230, 287, 320, 409
Franklin, Benjamin, 16, 45, 280
Fredericksburg, Va., 325
Freedom, ideas of, xix, 28, 128, 153, 163, 374
hegemonic, 374
natural, 374
ordered, 374
reciprocal, 374
British imperial elites, 33, 374
Revere’s, xix, 28, 384
“publick liberty.” 384
“English” liberties, 33
iconography of, 72
Freedom Trail, Boston, 343
Freemasonry, 19, 22, 344, 378, 302
French, Allen, xvi, 221, 283
French, Wilfred, 101
French and Indian War, 62, 114, 150, 152, 154, 165, 224
French Reformed churches, 375
Friedman, Ruth, 424
Fritz, Jean, 339
Frost, Capt. Ephraim, 244
Frost, Samuel, 320
Frothingham, Nathaniel, 304
Frothingham, Richard, 330, 331, 388
Gage, Sir John of Firle, 378
Gage, Lady Elizabeth, 32
Gage, Margaret Kemble, 31, 35, 37, 75, 80, 290
as Whig informer, 386, 387
divided loyalties, 96
historians and, 387
probable American informant, 96
Gage, Gen. Thomas, 30, 43, 44, 239, 261, 264, 271, 288
ancestry, 32–33
early life, 33–34
marriage, 35
wealth, 36–37
military career, 34–35, 379
apptd. col., 22d Foot, 308
apptd. Royal
governor (Mass.), 379
summers at Hooper mansion, 382
speech, 33
PERSONAL QUALITIES: honesty, 36
moderation, 37<
br />
conservatism, 35
PRINCIPLES OF: “common rights of mankind.” 31
liberty, xvii, 31, 33, 36
rule of law, 58, 64, 76, 85, 265, 379
hostility to “democracy.” 39
hostility to New England institutions, 39–40
REPUTATION OF: condemned as tyrant in America, 162, 276
condemned for weakness in London, 276
accused of popery and pederasty, 74
COLONIAL UNREST: Stamp Act, 37, 38
Boston Massacre, 38
proposes Coercive Acts, 40–41 380
advice followed by George III and Lord North, 41
proposes mercenaries to control colonies, 381
RETURNS TO BOSTON: plans Powder Alarm, 48
plans Salem Alarm, 58
mounting tensions in Boston, 65
intelligence activities, 51
secrecy, 233, 234, 276
and Adm. Graves, 68
CONCORD EXPEDITION: plans, 78, 85, 86, 186
drafts orders for Concord, 85
expects resistance, 86
betrayal of plans, 97
sends patrol to stop alarm riders, 89
orders followed at Concord, 206
CONCORD EXPEDITION REINFORCEMENT OF: 233
alerts Percy’s 1st Brigade, 411
orders 1st Brigade to march, 233–34
orders resupply, 243
receives news of fighting from Percy, 244
alerts 2d Brigade, 244, 245
orders 2d Brigade to Charlestown, 262
reports battles to London, 273
courts public opinion after battle, 277
subsequent career, 290
historians and, xvii
illus., 379
Gage, Thomas, of Sherburne, 32
Gage, Sir William, 32
Gage’s Light Armed Infantry, 34
Gagetown, New Brunswick, 36
Gainsborough, Thomas, 120
Galvin, Gen. John, 203, 250, 339, 340
Gammell, John, 304
Gardner, Isaac, 320
Gay, Ebenezer, 311
Gay, Jacob, 162
Gentleman, idea of, 376
George II, 239
George III, 30, 35, 40, 41, 50, 72, 73, 76, 236, 244
Georgetown, S.C., 325
Gergen, David, 373
Germain, Lord George, 275, 276
Gerry, Elbridge, 90, 125, 248, 288, 386, 391
Gettysburg, 298
Gibbings, Lt. Thomas, 323
Gibson, Marjorie Hubbell, 423
Gill, John, 20, 273
Gill, Moses, 304
Gironde estuary (France), 6
Gleason, Capt. Micajeh, 222
Glorious Revolution, 32
Glover, John, 300
Goeselt, Elizabeth Garside, 418, 424
Goeselt, Laura, 424
Golden Ball Tavern, illus., 83
Golledge, Robert W., 423
Golwait, Ebenezer, 320
Goodhue, Timothy, 424
Gooding, Thomas, 302
Goodwin, Lydia Lebaron, 298
Gordon, Cpl., 407
Gordon, Lt. William, 324
Gordon, William, 96, 327, 399
Gore, Samuel, 304
Goss, Elbridge Henry, 334, 335
Gould, Harry, 205
Gould, Lt. Edward, 193, 241, 322