The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich

by William Shirer

  Aga Khan, 751fn.

  Ahnenerbe (Institute for Research into Heredity), 980, 982

  Air Force, German, see Luftwaffe

  Aisne river, 737

  Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord, 730fn.

  Albania, 469, 813, 816, 818, 820, 821, 825, 1006

  Albert Canal, 724, 725

  Alexander I, Czar of Russia, 542, 1015

  Alexander, Gen. Sir Harold, 919, 1033, 1107

  Alexandria, Egypt, 817, 911, 919

  Alfieri, Dino, 751, 756

  Algeria, 814, 923

  Algiers, 923

  Allianz insurance company, 144, 206

  Allied air operations, 1001, 1038, 1040, 1092, 1093, 1099; bombing of Germany, 778–80, 807–9, 954, 1008–9, 1013, 1027, 1031, 1032, 1037, 1096–1100, 1108, 1110

  Allied commandos, 955

  Allied Supreme War Council, 675fn., 696, 717

  Allies, Nazi hopes for dissension among, 1011, 1033, 1042, 1087, 1091–92, 1098

  Alsace, 400, 983fn., 1091, 1094

  Alsace-Lorraine, 58, 286, 436, 641, 742

  Altmark (Ger. auxiliary ship), 679, 680

  Alvensleben, Werner von, 182

  Amann, Max, 49, 80, 246, 760

  Amau, Vice-Minister, 884

  Amen, Col. John Harlan, 532fn., 959

  America First Committee, 827fn., 871

  Amery, Leopold, 611

  Amsterdam, 716, 721

  Andalsnes, 706, 708, 710

  Angell, Norman, 784

  Anglo–German naval agreement (1935), 287–89, 419, 467, 471, 489fn.

  Anglo–Polish treaty (1939), 550, 551, 556–57, 564, 570

  Annunziata, Collar of the, 483

  Anti-Comintern Pact, 299, 353, 439, 455, 459, 465, 476, 506, 523, 539–40, 887

  anti-Hitler conspiracy, 372–82, 404–8, 411–14, 422–26, 517, 530, 558–60, 591, 596, 647–56, 658–59, 670, 692–94, 715, 719, 754fn., 846fn., 848fn., 903–8, 1002, 1012–82

  anti-Semitism, 23–27, 35, 40fn., 41, 45, 48, 91, 106, 149, 236, 238, 251, 372; see also Jews

  “Anton,” 922, 923

  Antonescu, Ion, 800fn., 995

  Antwerp, 717, 718, 724, 725, 761, 772, 1086, 1090, 1099

  Arabia, 810

  Arabian Sea, 805

  Archangel, U.S.S.R., 811, 870fn.

  Arco-Valley, Count Anton, 33

  Ardennes Forest, 718, 723, 933, 1090–96, 1108

  armistice: of 1918, see under World War I; of 1940, see Franco–German armistice; Franco–Italian armistice

  Army, German (and Reichswehr), 63–66, 89, 93, 119, 143, 160, 185, 201, 211, 236, 259, 260, 263, 267, 293, 301, 305, 328, 458, 1104–5

  UNDER THE REPUBLIC: political activities, 3, 31–35, 38, 45, 46, 53–55, 63, 64, 137–38, 150–52, 159–62, 174–75, 179, 182–83, 188, 219; policy on armistice and Versailles terms, 31–32, 53, 58–60, 62, 63, 65, 281, 284, 285; attitude toward Republic, 31–34, 53, 58–61, 64–65, 138–42, 186–87; suppresses leftists, 33–34, 54–55, 65, 165; relations with Nazis (to 1934), 45, 46, 70–73, 77, 138–42, 146, 159–61, 182–83, 185–88, 196–98, 204–7, 214–16, 220, 225–27, 229

  HITLER ERA: subordination to Hitler, 226–27, 229, 318, 320, 324, 355–56, 658–59, 754fn., 840, 866–67; expansion and reorganization by Hitler, 253–55, 281, 284–85, 299, 307, 318–19, 489, 865; generals’ opposition to Hitler, 309, 310, 354, 366–71, 488, 517–18, 643–46, 830–31, 834, 856–58, 915, 917–19, 926–27, 1091; Blomberg-Fritsch affair, 311–21, 354–56; generals’ plot, 317, 372, 374, 378–82, 393, 405, 414, 424–26, 517–18, 558–60, 647–51, 658–59, 693–94, 903–7, 1014–15, 1018–19, 1020–22, 1026–36, 1041–82

  INVASION PLANS AND CAMPAIGNS: Austria, 335, 336; Balkans, 816–17, 820; Britain, 747, 758–67, 774, 781; Czechoslovakia, 363, 366–71, 377–82, 387, 393, 402, 410, 428, 445; Danzig and Memel, 456, 468, 498; Mediterranean area, 913–14; North Africa, 827, 911–13; Norway and Denmark, 673, 681–82, 698–701, 707, 709–11; Poland, 460, 462–63, 496–98, 506, 517–18, 530, 534, 549, 556–60, 569, 589–91, 599, 625, 626, 629, 633, 660–61, 944; Russia, 796–800, 810, 812, 822, 829–32, 834, 844–46, 853, 855–70, 879, 891, 909, 915–19, 922, 925–34, 1014–15; Western Europe, 487, 506, 590, 618, 633, 635, 643–46, 652, 656, 658–59, 693–94, 713, 715–38, 728–29, 731–36, 741

  SETBACKS AND DEFEAT: retreat in Africa, 919–21; Italy, 996, 999–1001; Russian front, 1006–7, 1041, 1043, 1085, 1096–98, 1103; in west, 1036–42, 1085–86, 1088–96, 1099, 1100–2; total mobilization, 1087; desertions, 1088, 1100–1; rout and surrender, 1105–7, 1112–13, 1120–22, 1125, 1126, 1130, 1138, 1139

  WAR CRIMES AND VIOLATIONS OF GENEVA CONVENTION, 939, 945, 947, 952, 957–59, 976, 1029, 1090fn., 1095fn., 1100

  Army, German, units:

  ARMY GROUPS:

  A (eastern front), 915, 928

  A (western front), 718, 726, 732, 733, 762–63

  B (in Alps), 999

  B (eastern front), 916

  B (western front, 1940), 733, 762

  B (western front, 1944–45), 1031, 1038, 1040, 1074–75, 1105

  C, 646

  Center, 853, 856–57, 859, 862, 863, 865, 903fn., 905, 947, 1014, 1018–19, 1041, 1046, 1085

  Don, 926–28

  G, 1138

  H, 1101

  North, 497, 625, 626, 853, 856, 903fn.

  South, 497, 830, 853, 856, 861, 903fn.

  Ukraine-North, 947

  ARMORED GROUPS:

  Third Tank, 863

  Fourth Tank, 863, 865

  ARMIES:

  First, 387, 1138

  First Panzer, 860, 914, 916, 928

  Second, 387, 1043

  Second Panzer, 863, 864

  Third, 387, 497, 625, 660

  Fourth, 387, 497, 625, 860, 863, 864, 865, 868–69

  Fourth Panzer, 914–16, 919, 926–27

  Fifth Panzer, 1093, 1105

  Sixth, 722, 724, 725, 726, 728, 730, 731, 762, 763, 767, 782, 861fn., 909, 914, 915, 919, 922, 926–27, 929, 930–31, 933, 1014

  Seventh, 1037, 1038, 1039

  Eighth, 387, 497

  Ninth, 762, 782, 868, 947, 1120

  Tenth, 387, 497, 626

  Tenth, 959

  Twelfth, 387, 826

  Fourteenth, 387, 497, 626

  Fifteenth, 1037, 1105

  Sixteenth, 762

  Seventeenth, 928, 1007

  Eighteenth, 721, 731, 738

  Nineteenth, 1138

  Replacement (Home) Army, 904, 906, 1015, 1019, 1030, 1034–35, 1044–45, 1048–49, 1057, 1058, 1063, 1064, 1073, 1080, 1087

  West, Army of the, 370

  CORPS:

  Ist, 557

  IIIrd, 413

  XVth Armored, 724

  XVIth Armored, 725

  XIXth Armored, 626, 724

  XXXIXth, 722

  XLIst Armored (Tank), 724, 859

  XLVIIth Armored, 1093

  LXXVth, 956

  Afrika Korps, 911–13, 919–25, 1078

  DIVISIONS:

  2nd Panzer, 727

  3rd Panzergrenadier, 999

  4th Panzer, 626

  6th Panzer, 1028

  9th Panzer, 722

  10th Panzer, 1029

  18th Grenadier, 1088

  21st Panzer, 1039

  23rd Infantry, 375

  28th Rifle, 1074

  163rd Infantry, 703

  258th Infantry, 863

  Volksgrenadier, 1048–49

  BRIGADES, REGIMENTS, BATTALIONS:

  12th Artillery Regt., 355

  17th Bamberg Cav. Regt., 1028

  150th Panzer Brigade, 1092

  Guard Battalion Grossdeutschland, 1061

  MILITARY DISTRICTS (Wehrkreise):

  III (Berlin), 284, 375, 1035, 1061; Berlin Kommandantur, 1030, 1061, 1063

  VII (Munich), 35, 38

  WAFFEN (ARMED) S.S. UNITS, see under S. S.

  Army General Staff, 53, 99, 174, 335, 367, 370, 371, 379, 380, 400, 424, 487, 488, 498, 650, 6
56, 658, 673, 718, 749fn., 756, 758, 763fn., 774, 830, 843, 856–57, 914–19, 933, 1029, 1087, 1130, 1139; banned by Versailles Treaty, 58fn., 62; re-created as Truppenamt, 62; re-established, 281, 284, 285fn.; resignation of Beck as Chief, 370–72, 559; apptmt. of Halder, 370–72; Halder out, Zeitzler named, 917–18; Guderian named, 1080–81; Krebs named, 1112; see also Beck, Ludwig; Halder; Guderian; Krebs; Zeitzler

  Army High Command (Oberkommando des Heeres—OKH), 377–79, 560, 658, 661, 673, 682, 717, 726–27, 759, 762, 764, 774, 782, 812, 822, 856–57, 858, 1027, 1028, 1030, 1057, 1073

  Army Law (July 20, 1933), 208

  Arnhem, 1089

  Arras, 30

  Artists’ Club, 1012

  Aryan superiority, 39, 81–82, 86–89, 103–4, 107, 145, 237, 245, 250, 251

  Asch, 388, 402

  Ashton-Gwatkin, Frank, 416–18

  Asia, 305, 805, 872, 873, 885, 892, 901, 1007

  Asquith, Herbert, 385

  Assmann, Adm. Kurt, 1052fn.

  Associated Press, 477fn., 784fn., 956

  Astakhov, Georgi, 481, 493, 500–1, 505, 506, 513

  Astor, Lady, 376

  Athenia, S. S., 622, 636–38

  Athens, 826

  Atlantic, Battle of the, 877fn., 879–83, 894fn., 895, 898, 901, 912, 913, 1007, 1008, 1099

  Atlantic Charter, 904

  atom bomb, 1099

  atomic energy, 252

  Attolico, Bernardo, 377, 408, 409, 415, 482, 508, 511fn., 551, 552, 554, 556, 565, 566, 587–88, 603, 605–8, 643, 687, 751fn.

  Aufbau Ost (“Build-up East”), 799

  August Wilhelm, Prince, 907

  Auschwitz, 272, 664, 949fn., 967–74, 981, 988

  Austria, 21–28, 36, 64, 94–95, 120, 130, 132, 136, 238, 326, 332, 334, 358, 794, 889, 1105, 1107; Anschluss, 9, 41, 84, 209, 279–309 passim, 322–60, 363–66, 422, 440, 459, 518, 530, 543, 579, 591, 598, 632, 657, 677, 686, 692–93, 710, 904; Dollfuss murder, Nazi agitation, 223, 279–80, 295–96, 322–23, 328, 340–41; German invasion plans, 289, 304–9, 331, 335–37; Hitler ultimatums to, 327–31, 339–42, 344; plebiscite on Anschluss, 334–39, 347, 349–50; Nazi rule established, 348, 350–51; see also Italy, and Anschluss; Miklas; Schuschnigg; Seyss-Inquart

  Austrian Legion, 280, 327

  Austrian National Bank, 351

  “Autumn Journey” (Herbstreise), 768

  Aviation, Ministry of, 282

  Avranches, 1076, 1085

  Axmann, Artur, 1137

  Azores, 817, 879, 901

  Azov, Sea of, 928, 1007

  Babarin, E., 500–1

  Bach-Zelewski, 962fn.

  Baden-Powell, Lord, 784

  Bad Harzburg, 154

  Bad Nauheim, 215, 1108

  Badoglio, Marshal Pietro, 998, 999, 1002fn., 1003, 1006

  Bagdad, 828, 829

  Bahama Is., 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 792

  Baku, 798, 809, 942

  Baldwin, Stanley, 302

  Balkan States, 209, 747, 795, 804, 805, 808, 815, 816, 817, 819, 822–30, 839, 844, 928, 1006, 1090, 1096

  Ballerstedt, Herr, 43

  Ballestrem, Countess, 1025

  Baltic Sea, 549, 674, 695, 710, 808, 833, 839, 847, 853, 909, 1105, 1116

  Baltic States, 484, 494, 495, 501, 502, 514, 515, 521, 534, 541, 542, 630–31, 632, 657, 665–66, 668, 683, 711fn., 747, 793–94, 797, 798, 800, 801, 811, 822fn., 832, 853, 939, 942, 1061

  Bamberg, 127–28

  Banat, 824fn.

  Bank of France, 943

  Bank of Norway, 703

  Baranov, 1097

  “Barbarossa,” 797, 810–13, 818, 822–24, 828–30, 838, 845, 873, 881; see also Army, German, invasion plans and campaigns, Russia; Soviet Union, Hitler’s aims toward

  Bardia, 827

  Barmen, 238

  “barons’ cabinet,” 164–65

  Barth, Karl, 251

  Baruch, Bernard, 784fn., 897fn.

  Basel, 563

  Bastogne, 1093–95

  Batum, 809

  Bavaria, 28, 33–36, 38, 42–44, 48, 51, 63–67, 280, 1105, 1141; Hitler difficulties with govt., 118, 119, 130–31, 160, 164 (see also Beer Hall Putsch); local govt., abolished, 200; Nazi rule in, 201, 219, 1023; see also Munich

  Bavaria, Kingdom of, 95

  “Bavarian Joe,” 316

  Bavarian People’s Party, 118, 195, 201

  Bavarian “People’s State,” 33

  Bayerlein, Gen. Fritz, 912fn., 913fn.; 920

  Bayreuth, 101–2, 105, 109, 279, 297, 1061

  BBC, 247, 558, 619, 755, 1001, 1037, 1122

  “Beast of Belsen,” see Kramer, Josef

  Bechstein, Carl, 145

  Bechstein, Helene, 46

  Beck, Col. Józef, 377, 421, 455–57, 459–61, 463–65, 466fn., 467, 469, 475, 476, 536–37, 543fn., 574–75, 580, 586–87, 605fn.

  Beck, Gen. Ludwig, 142, 281, 285fn., 313, 335, 355, 373, 918; opposes Hitler’s military plans, 293, 309, 316–17, 365–71, 488; resigns as Gen. Staff Chief, 370–71, 374, 424–25; in anti-Hitler conspiracy, 374, 375, 380fn., 382, 422–26, 517, 559, 649–50, 670, 846fn., 848fn., 904, 907, 908, 1014–18, 1030, 1032–33, 1035, 1036, 1042–43; named head of First Army, 387; July 1944 bomb plot, 1045–48, 1054, 1058–61, 1065, 1067–68, 1073, 1075; death, 1067–68

  Becker, Dr., 960

  Beer Hall Putsch, 4, 10, 13, 67–80, 112fn., 118, 139, 146, 221, 223, 280, 312, 701; anniversary celebrations, 77, 121, 653, 882, 922, 925, 1010

  Beethoven, Ludwig von, 17, 97, 242, 326, 933, 970

  Beigbeder y Atienza, Col. Juan, 786

  Belgian Army, 718, 724, 727–31

  Belgian government in exile, 729

  Belgium, 58, 294, 302, 307, 470, 516, 531, 533, 561, 590, 616, 633, 645, 841, 1074; German plans for invasion of, 486, 487, 519fn., 644–47, 649–52, 656, 658, 665, 669, 671–72, 694, 710, 711, 714–20, 739, 793; invasion and battle of, 713, 720, 723, 728–31, 737, 738, 954, 1090; King surrenders, 729–31; German occupation, 734, 759, 906, 943, 956–57, 1009, 1031, 1047; liberation, 1085, 1086, 1099

  Belgrade, 823–26, 971

  Bell, Dr. George, 1017–18, 1024

  Below, Col. Nicolaus von, 1130, 1131fn.

  Belsec, 272, 967, 968

  Belsen, 981

  Beneš, Eduard, 346, 358–60, 363–65, 381fn., 383, 390, 391, 393, 397, 402, 414fn., 420, 421, 441, 443–45, 448, 456, 464, 784

  Benghazi, 819, 921, 922

  Berchtesgaden (and the Obersalzberg), 9, 51, 112, 129, 130, 167, 169, 284, 309, 311, 324, 360, 361, 363, 364, 365, 368, 475, 494, 521, 523, 525, 925, 1027, 1028, 1038, 1041, 1105–7, 1116, 1118, 1127; Berghof, 51, 131fn., 325, 326fn., 752, 834, 838, 1107, 1111; Berghof diplomatic conferences, 232, 298, 302, 325–30, 331, 333, 334, 338, 340, 344, 349, 384–87, 391, 406, 426, 455, 457, 499, 507, 509–10, 513, 546, 548, 551, 562, 800, 821–23; Berghof military meetings, 369–70, 378, 496, 515–18, 528, 559, 660, 752, 764, 797–98, 819, 845, 880, 1041; plot to eliminate Hitler at, 1033, 1045, 1046fn.; Wachenfeld (villa), 85, 131, 133,

  Berchtold, Joseph, 121

  Berg, Paul, 709fn.

  Bergen, 681, 695, 696, 701, 707, 721

  Berger, Gottlob, 1114–15

  Berggrav, Bishop Eivind, 709fn.

  Berghof, see under Berchtesgaden

  Berlin: Allies advance on, 1088–89, 1097, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1108; Battle of, 1073, 1106, 1112, 1117–21, 1127, 1128, 1130, 1132, 1135–37; bombed by Allies, 778, 779, 780, 807, 807–9, 1110; govt, of, 275; life in, during 1920s, 118; Mussolini visit, 301; peace rumor riot, 643fn.; people’s apathy to war, 396–97, 399, 413, 593, 595, 597, 599, 615–16, 670; revolutionary agitation (1918), 52, 54–55; S. A. violence in, 147, 166