The Devil in History

Home > Other > The Devil in History > Page 44
The Devil in History Page 44

by Vladimir Tismaneanu


  charismatic politics: post-Communist. See also leader charisma/personality cult; mysticism; party charisma

  Charter Czechoslovakia

  Chávez, Hugo

  Cheka

  Chernenko, Konstantin

  Chernyaev, Anatoly

  Chernyshevky, Nikolai, “Crystal Palace,”

  Chesterton, Gilbert K.

  chiliasms: Communist Manifesto; Communist Party; fantasies of salvation; Fascism; Leninism; revolutions (1989-91) and. See also eschatology; millennialism

  China; anti-Fascism and imperialist propaganda of; Chinese propaganda; contemporary; Cultural Revolution; “High Stalinism,”; Leninist parties coming to power; mass murder. See also Mao Zedong

  Chirot, Daniel

  Chișnevschi, Iosif

  citizenship: Communism abolishing; Fascism eroding; nationalist “thick” notion of; revolutions (1989-91) and rebirth of, 1901. See also civil society

  civilization: Communism; Nazism

  civil society: and anti-Semitism; Communist disintegration of; despotism's destruction of; dissidents and new epoch of; “institutional amphibiousness” causing; Marx on state and; nationalism competing with; post-Communism and; revolutions (1989-91) and; Russia's “gelatinous,”; sixties upheavals and; uncivil society. See also citizenship; civilization

  class consciousness; Lenin and; Marx and. See also bourgeoisie; proletariat

  “class genocide,”

  “class instinct,”

  class murder (“sociocide”)

  class struggle; East European Communist leaders and; Gorbachev and; Leninist; Marxist; Soviet and Yugoslav visions; Stalinist. See also proletariat; revolutionary class

  Clementis, Vladimir

  Cohen, Stephen E.

  Cohn, Norman

  Cold War

  Cominform (Communist and Workers' Parties)

  Comintern (Third Communist International); Dimitrov; on Fascism; Geminder; propaganda machine

  command economies

  Communism; anomy; anti-Fascist; anti-Nazi resistance movements; The Black Book of Communism; conversion to; deradicalization; differences between Fascism and; as ecclesiology; evil identified by; ideology; l'illusion lyrique; intentionality; Jacobinism; leader charisma/personality cult; messianism; “mismemory of,”; and morality; neo-Communism; New Man; “People-as-One,”; public and private person; redemptive mythologies; revisionism; revolutionary passion; science and; similarities with Fascism; social engineering; three layers in societies of. See also Bolshevism; Communist criminality; Communist Party; Communist utopia; enemies; hegemony; internationalism; Leninism; Marxism; post-Communism; Soviet Union

  Communist criminality: compared with Fascism; dissidents vs.; Gorbachev denouncing Stalin for; Khrushchev denouncing Stalin for; memory/amnesia/silence about; moral blindness toward; number of victims; post-Communism and; purges; radical evil; Romania; Soviet Union; Stalin's crimes against the party; suffering under; terror; utopia and; violence sanctified

  Communist heroic ethos; Bolshevik; Leninism; Marxist; Stalinist; War Communism and “building of socialism,”

  Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels); vs. bourgeoisie; vs. capitalism; class struggle; Ianoși and; millenarian redemption; monism, proletarian development; social democracy and; violence glorified by

  Communist Party: Albanian; Big Lie; Bohemia and Moravia; Cominform (Communist and Workers' Parties); Comintern and; Czechoslovak; German (KPD); ideological hegemony; Jews in; party charisma; Polish; post-Communism and; revisionism and; Romania; Russian; Russian Federation; Spanish; Western; Yugoslavia. See also Central Committee; Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); Congresses; factionalism; Politburo; vanguard party

  Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU): anti-Fascism; “capitalist encirclement,”; Congress of Victors (Seventeenth Congress); Gorbachev and; ideological hegemony; Institute of Marxism-Leninism; intraparty conflicts; Kommunist; power monopoly; resolution on energy resources to Eastern Europe; The Short Course of History of the CPSU; Twentieth Congress of 1956 (and Khrushchev's Secret Speech denouncing Stalin); Twenty-second Congress (1961); Twenty-seventh Congress (1986). See also Central Committee of the CPSU

  Communist utopia; anti-anti-utopianism; anti-Fascist; armed; Bukharin committed to; criminality and; enduring magnetism of; Fascist similarities; ideology and; Leninist; Marxist; neo-Marxists and; revisionism and; revolutions ending (1989-91); shipwreck of; Stalinist; structural challenges

  concentration camps. See camps

  confessions: forced. See also show trials Congresses: Fifteenth Party Conference (1927); Third Party Congress of the KPD. See also Comintern (Third Communist International); Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU)

  Conquest, Robert

  conscience

  “conspiracy of academicians,” See also intellectuals

  conspiracy theories; East and Central Europe; Islamist; about Jews; nationalist; Russian; similarities between Communism and Fascism; Stalinist

  Constantinescu, Miron

  Constituent Assembly, Lenin disbanding (1918)

  constitutionalism: post-Communism. See also democracy

  constitutions, Soviet

  cosmopolitanism: Jews accused of; Răutu's “Against Cosmopolitanism and Objectivism in Social Sciences,”; rootless; Soviet terror vs., See also Zhdanov, Andrei/Zhdanovism

  Costea, Mirel (Nathan Zaider)

  Council for Economic Mutual Assistance (CEMA)

  Courtois, Stéphane; The Black Book of Communism

  criminality: number of victims. See also Communist criminality; dehumanization of the enemy; evil; genocide; purges; terror

  Croatia: “competitive authoritarianism,”; Croatian Spring; president Tudjman

  Cuba: Castro; mass murder; revolution

  Cultural Revolution: Chinese; Soviet

  culture of responsibility

  Czechoslovakia; Charter; Communist Party; ideological apparatchiks; neutrality of intellectuals; People's Democratic Republic; socialism with a human face; Stalinist purge vs. Jews; velvet divorce. See also Czechoslovakian dissidents; Prague

  Czechoslovakian dissidents (1987-89). See also Havel, Václav; Patočka, Jan

  Czech Republic; Bohemia; lustration law

  Dahrendorf, Ralf

  Dan, Fyodor

  Daniel, Yuli, Sinyavski-Daniel trial

  Danubian confederation, Communist

  Darwinism

  Dawisha, Karen

  de-Bolshevization

  Declaration of Moscow Conference of Socialist Clubs

  Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploited People (1918)

  Dedkov, Igor

  dehumanization of the enemy; Communist; Fascist; “objective enemies,”

  demagogy: dangers of; messianic; nationalist; xenophobic

  de Maistre, Joseph

  democracy; anti-Fascist; Bolshevist; Communism vs.; delegative; dissidents; electocracies and; Fascists vs.; Gorbachev and, “grayness,”; illiberal; intraparty; liberal; “managed,”; nationalism and; “people's,”; post-Communist threats to; post-democracy; proletarian; revisionism and; revolutions (1989-91) and; Western. See also pluralism; social democracy

  deportation: Nazi; Soviet

  deradicalization, Communist

  de-Stalinization

  detotalitarianization

  Deutscher, Isaac

  devil: in history See also evil

  dialectics; Diamat (dialectical materialism); of disenchantment; refunctionalization

  dictatorship: Bolshevik; consensus; “democratic,”; of “foreigners,”; over mind and body; over needs; of proletariat; pro-Nazi; of purity; repressive ideocratic; of ritual. See also Hitler, Adolf; Mussolini, Benito; Stalin, Joseph

  Dictatorship over Needs (Heller, Fehér, and Márkus)

  Dimitrov, Georgi

  Diner, Dan

  di Palma, Giuseppe

  disenchantment: with Marxism; with Nazism; post-Communism

  dissidents; conflicts among; Gorbache
v and; Lenin for persecution of; one of three layers in Communist societies; samizdat; Soviet Union; Western Europe. See also resistance; revolution

  dissidents of East and Central Europe (1987-89); vs. Communist criminality; intellectuals; lack of influence after 1989; post-Communism; reinvention of politics; revisionism and; and revolutions (1989-91). See also Czechoslovakian dissidents; Polish dissidents

  diversity: revolutions (1989-91) leading to,. See also pluralism

  Djilas, Milovan “doctor's plot,” Stalin and domesticism

  Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, Demons

  double-talk and double-think. See also amnesia; falsification

  Dubček, Alexander

  Dubiel, Helmut

  Durkheim, Emile

  East and Central Europe; anti-Fascism; anti-Nazi resistance movement; civil society; “competitive authoritarianism,”; de-Bolshevization; de-Stalinization; domesticism; Europeanization; ideological apparatchiks; vs. Jews; law of political synchronization; Leninism; post-Communism; post-Leninist; reinvention of politics; revisionism; Sovietization; Stalinist; uncivil societies. See also dissidents of East and Central Europe; revolutions (1989-91); individual countries

  East Germany (GDR): civil society; dissidents (1987-89); ideological apparatchiks; Leninism; Modrow; national Stalinism; Party of Democratic Socialism

  economics: bourgeois capitalist entrepreneurs; CEMA; de-Stalinization and; East and Central Europe; forced labor; Gorbachev and; Leninist; Marxist; of mass killing; Pauker-Luca sabotage; privatization and; recession; revolutions (1989-91) and; Short Course of Political Economy. See also class struggle; economies

  economies: command; globalized; market, See also capitalism

  Ehlen, Peter

  Ehrenburg, Ilya; The Black Book of Nazi Crimes against Soviet Jews

  Eichmann, Adolf

  Eisenstadt, S. N.

  Eisner, Gerhart

  Ekiert, Grzegorz

  Eley, Geoff

  Éluard, Paul

  enemies: of Communism; constructing; evil; of Fascism; “objective,” See also aliens; bourgeoisie; conspiracy theories; dehumanization of the enemy; Jew

  Engels, Friedrich; Marx-Engels Archive. See also Communist Manifesto

  engineering. See social engineering

  English, Robert

  Enlightenment: Communism and; Fascism and universalism of. See also humanism

  epistemic infallibility

  eschatology: Communism similar to Fascism in; Communist Party; Marxism-Leninism; post-Communism; revolutionary. See also chiliasms; millennialism; redemptive mythologies; salvationism; utopia

  Estonia, Soviet/Russian occupation

  The Eternal Jew

  ethics. See morality

  ethnic cleansing. See also genocide

  ethnicization: of memory; of terror. See also biological distinctions

  ethnocentricity: nationalist. See also ethnic cleansing; ethnicization; racialization/de-racialization

  “European civil war,”

  Europeanization, East and Central Europe

  European Union (EU)

  evil; Bolshevik New Faith and; Communism “more evil” than Nazism; of Communist regimes; enemies of Communism and Fascism; Kant's “Concerning the Indwelling of the Evil Principle with the Good, or, on the Radical Evil in Human Nature,”; Nazi enemies; salvationism and; Stalinism and; traditional morality. See also criminality; devil; falsification; radical evil

  Evola, Julius

  experiments, on human beings

  exterminist policies: extermination camps; Leninist; Nazi; Stalinist. See also genocide; purges

  externalization, of source of failure

  Fabian, David

  factionalism, Communist. See also Mensheviks; Trotsky, Leon / Trotskyites

  Falcon, Irene

  Falk, Barbara

  falsification: East and Central European regimes; homo prevaricatus; of idea of good; Marxist “false consciousness,”; Putin regime; Short Course of History of the CPSU; Stalinist. See also amnesia; Big Lie; fantasies of salvation; truth

  fantasies of salvation

  Fascism; vs. Bolshevism; Communist anti-Fascism; differences between Communism and; ideology; Italian; leader charisma; and morality; party charisma; post-Communism and; redemptive mythology; revolutionary movement; revolutionary passion; similarities with Communism; Stalinism syncretized with; ur-Fascism; utopia of; violence sanctified by; Western anti-Fascism. See also enemies; Mussolini, Benito; Nazism

  Fehér, Ferenc; Dictatorship over Needs (Heller, Fehér, and Márkus)

  Field, Noel

  Figes, Orlando

  Final Solution. See Holocaust

  Fitzpatrick, Sheila

  forced confessions. See also show trials

  forced labor. See also gulag

  France: The Black Book of Communism; Bonapartism; Solzhenitsyn and; Sorbonne occupation

  Franco, Francisco

  Frankfurt School

  Frank, Semyon, Vekhi (Landmarks)

  freedom; anti-Fascism; The Black Book of Communism and; dissidents and; easier to gain than to guarantee; kingdom of; Kolakowski on; leap from necessity into; Lenin and; Luxemburg on; Marxist; Nazism and; October Revolution (1917); painful leap into; party charisma; post-totalitarian; of press; reinvention of politics; revisionism and; revolutions (1989-91) and; species. See also human rights; “rights talk”; salvationism

  Freedom House

  French Revolution (1789)

  Freud, Sigmund

  Fritzsche, Peter

  Frolov, Ivan

  Fromm, Erich

  Furet, François; Passing of an Illusion/Le passé d'une illusion; “Sur l'illusion communiste,”

  Garton Ash, Timothy; The Magic Lantern; Ottomanization

  gas chamber. See Holocaust

  Gauck, Joachim

  Gellately, Robert

  Geminder, Bedřich

  genocide; “class genocide,”; Communism similar to Nazism in; Marxism and; Nazi; Pol Pot regime in Cambodia. See also Holocaust; purges

  Gentile, Emilio

  Georgescu, Teohari

  Geremek, Bronislaw

  Gerlach, Christian

  Germany: Berlin Wall falling; The Black Book of Communism; Communist Party (KPD); Communist Writers' Union; “loss of utopia,”; memory of evil; Merker. See also East Germany (GDR); Nazism

  Getty, J. Arch

  Geyer, Michael

  Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe

  Gide, André

  Gill, Graeme

  Gioventù fascista

  Girard, René

  glasnost

  Goebbels, Joseph; Michael: A German Destiny

  Goldmann, Lucien

  Gomulka, Wladislaw

  good: Bolshevik New Faith and; falsification of idea of; freedom as; Kant's “Concerning the Indwelling of the Evil Principle with the Good, or, on the Radical Evil in Human Nature,”; post-Communist competing visions of the common good; salvationism and; shared vision of public good; Stalinism and; traditional morality. See also morality; truth

  Gorbachev, Mikhail; and democracy, frankness and truth; glasnost; Gorbachev effect; Leninism abandoned by; perestroika; revisionism; Stalin condemned by; “What to Do with the Party?” (with Mlynář); “young policy academic elite,”

  Gorky, Maxim

  Gorshenin, K. P.

  Gorz, André

  Gottwald, Klement

  Gouldner, Alvin W.

  Gramsci, Antonio

  Grand Narratives

  Gray, John, Black Mass

  Great Patriotic War for the Defense of the Motherland

  Great Terror, Stalinist

  Griffin, Roger

  Grillparzer, Franz

  Grossman, Vassily; The Black Book of Nazi Crimes against Soviet Jews; Forever Flowing; Life and Fate

  Grósz, Károly

  gulag, Soviet; as fratricide. See also camps; terror

  Gyurcsányi, Ferenc

  Habermas, Jürgen; The Structural Transformation of the Publ
ic Sphere

  Hager, Kurt

  Halfin, Igal

  Hannah Arendt Award (2000)

  Hanson, Stephen

  Haraszti, Miklós

  Harrington, Michael

  Hassner, Pierre

  Havel, Václav; Czech presidency; dictatorship of the ritual; “existential revolution,”; Klaus as rival; living in truth; post-totalitarian system; Power of the Powerless; Prague Declaration; reinvention of politics; self-empowerment through citizenship; shared vision of public good; teacher Patočka

  Hegel, G. W..F. “litany of lamentations,”; Marxism influenced by; real as rational; world-historical events

  hegemony: Communist parties; Communist regimes; ideological; Lenin cultural; parallel; radical Left; Soviet Union's reassertion of. See also political monopoly

  Heidegger, Martin

  Hell

  Hellbeck, Jochen

  Heller, Agnes; Dictatorship over Needs (Heller, Fehér, and Márkus)

  Helsinki Agreement (1975)

  Hendrich, Jiři

  Herf, Jeffrey

  heroic ethos: Bukharin case; dissident as hero; Fascism; Western anti-Fascism. See also Communist heroic ethos

  Himmler, Heinrich

  Hirschman, Albert, The Rhetoric of Reaction

  Hitler, Adolf; defeat; vs. democracy; enemies of; leader charisma; mission; plot against (1944); redemptive mythology; reinvention of politics; self-entitlement; Strasser brothers disenchanted with; takeover of power. See also Nazism

  Hobsbawm, Eric

  Ho Chi Minh

  Hodos, George H.

  Holier, Denis

  Holocaust; comparing Nazism and Communism and; hypermnesia about; Manea; memory of; Soviet countries impacted by; Stalinist anti-Semitism obfuscating; Stockholm international conference (2000)

  Holquist, Peter

  homo prevaricatus

  homo sovieticus

  Honecker, Erich

  Hook, Sydney

  Horkheimer, Max

  Horthy, Miklós

  Howard, Dick

  Howard, Marc

  Hoxha, Enver

  humanism: Bolshevik; Communist pretense; Marxism and; Nazis and; revisionism and; secular; Western. See also Enlightenment

  human rights; post-Communism; Soviet movement

  Hungary: Civic Union (FIDESZ); Democratic Forum (MDF); Democratic Opposition; de-Stalinization; dissidents (1987-89); Grósz; Gyurcsány; “High Stalinism,”; Horthy; Hungarian Committee; Kádár's; not exactly totalitarian; Orbán; political turmoil and antigovernment demonstrations (2006); post-Communism; Rajk; Révai; revisionism; Revolution (1956); routinization engineered by pragmatic elites. See also Budapest

 

‹ Prev