The Victors: Eisenhower and His Boys
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5. Carl Carden oral history, EC.
6. John Robinson oral history, EC.
7. Roger Lovelace oral history, EC.
8. John Robinson oral history, EC.
9. J. K. Havener oral history, EC.
10. James Delong oral history, EC.
11. John Meyer oral history, EC.
12. J. K. Havener oral history, EC.
13. A. H. Corry oral history, EC.
14. Charles Harris oral history, EC.
15. Allen Stephens oral history, EC.
16. William Moriarity oral history, EC.
17. A. H. Corry oral history, EC.
18. Carl Carden oral history, EC.
19. John Meyer oral history, EC.
20. Roger Lovelace oral history, EC.
21. J. K. Havener oral history, EC.
22. Ray Sanders oral history, EC.
23. A. H. Corry oral history, EC.
24. Ray Sanders oral history, EC.
25. John Robinson oral history, EC.
26. Arthur Jahnke oral history, copy in EC. Jahnke’s story is told in detail in Paul Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming! The German Account of the Allied Landings and the 80 Days’ Battle for France (New York: Dutton, 1963).
27. James Delong oral history, EC.
28. Charles Middleton oral history, EC.
29. Weigley, Eisenhower’s Lieutenants, p. 94.
30. James Taylor oral history, EC.
31. Jack Barensfeld oral history, EC.
32. James Taylor oral history, EC.
33. Charles Mohrle memoir, EC.
34. Edward Giller oral history, EC.
35. Jack Barensfeld oral history, EC.
36. Peter Moody memoir, EC.
37. William Satterwhite oral history, EC.
38. Donald Porter oral history, EC.
39. Harry Crosby, A Wing and a Prayer. (New York: HarperCollins, 1993), pp. 227–28.
40. Charles Shettle oral history, EC.
14. A LONG, ENDLESS COLUMN OF SHIPS
1. Samuel Eliot Morison, The Invasion of France and Germany 1944–1945 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959), pp. 46–47.
2. Ibid., 79.
3. Dean Rockwell oral history, EC.
4. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 57.
5. John Robert Lewis oral history, EC.
6. Joseph Donlan oral history, EC.
7. Anthony Duke oral history, EC.
8. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 87.
9. Ross Olsen oral history, EC.
10. B. T. Whinney interview, EC.
11. Joseph Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead: The 29th Infantry Division in Normandy (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1989), p. 11.
12. Ronald Seaborne memoir, EC.
13. Ronald Seaborne memoir, EC.
14. Howard Vander Beek memoir, EC.
15. Martin Sommers, “The Longest Hour in History,” Saturday Evening Post, July 8, 1944.
16. Ross Olsen oral history, EC.
17. James O’Neal oral history, EC.
18. Holdbrook Bradley oral history, EC.
19. Cyrus Aydlett diary entry, June 6, 1944, EC.
20. John Howard interview, EC.
21. Piprel’s “Recollection of Events,” EC, translated (and given to EC by) M. Michael Clemençon.
22. USS Harding Action Report, copy in EC.
23. William Gentry memoir, EC.
24. Romuald Nalecz-Tyminski memoir, EC.
25. Kenneth Wright to his parents, 6/11/44, copy in EC.
26. Grant Guillickson oral history, EC. Guillickson stayed in the Navy thirty years. In 1954 he took a competitive exam and earned a commission as an ensign. Eventually he became chief engineer of the USS Forrestal. He retired in 1969 as a commander.
27. Joseph Dolan oral history, EC.
28. A. R. Beyer memoir, EC.
29. Doug Birch oral history, EC.
30. Howard Vander Beek memoir, EC.
31. Warren Tute, John Costello, and Terry Hughes, D-Day (London: Pan Books, 1975), p. 188.
32. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 121.
33. Tute, Costello, and Hughes, D-Day, p. 188.
34. Ibid., p. 167.
35. Ibid., p. 180.
36. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, pp. 122, 125.
37. Eugene Bernstein oral history, EC.
38. W. N. Solkin oral history, EC.
39. Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead, p. 16.
40. Dean Rockwell oral history, EC.
41. Samuel Grundfast oral history, EC.
42. Martin Waarvick oral history, EC.
43. Dean Rockwell oral history, EC.
44. Franz Gockel memoir, EC, translated by Derek Zumbro.
15. “WE’LL START THE WAR FROM RIGHT HERE”
1. Howard Vander Beek and Sims Gauthier oral histories, EC.
2. Arthur Jahnke oral history, copy in EC; Paul Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming! (New York: Dutton, 1963), pp. 50–56.
3. Malvin Pike oral history, EC.
4. Ibid.
5. Warren Tute, John Costello, and Terry Hughes, D-Day (London: Pan Books, 1975), p. 182.
6. There is a copy of Van Fleet’s unpublished memoir in EC.
7. Group interview with the 237th ECB by Ron Drez, EC.
8. Orval Wakefield oral history, EC.
9. Ibid.
10. Martin Gutekunst oral history, EC.
11. Drez group interview with the 237th ECB, EC.
12. John Ahearn oral history, EC.
13. Elliot Richardson interview, EC.
14. Van Fleet unpublished memoir, copy in EC.
15. Malvin Pike oral history, EC.
16. Van Fleet unpublished memoir, copy in EC.
17. Malvin Pike oral history, EC.
18. Malvin Pike and Eugene Brierre oral histories, EC.
19. Ralph Della-Volpe oral history, EC.
20. Marvin Perrett oral history, EC.
21. John Beck oral history, EC.
22. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 120.
23. Russell Reeder, Born at Reveille (New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1966), pp. 247–48.
24. Ibid., p. 248; Charles Jackson memoir, EC.
25. Clifford Sorenson oral history, EC.
26. Charles Jackson memoir, EC.
27. Ross Olsen oral history, EC.
28. Vincent del Giudice oral history, EC. Del Giudice went on to medical school after the war and became an M.D.
29. Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming!, pp. 60–61.
30. Orval Wakefield oral history, EC.
31. For an excellent account of one of the 4th’s regiments, see Gerden Johnson, History of the Twelfth Infantry Regiment in World War II (Boston: Fourth Division Association, 1947).
16. “NOUS RESTONS ICI”
1. Leonard Lebenson oral history, EC.
2. John Delury memoir, EC.
3. D. Zane Schlemmer oral history, EC.
4. Sidney McCallum oral history, EC.
5. L. Johnson oral history, EC.
6. Leland Baker oral history, EC.
7. Summers’s story is told in detail in S. L. A. Marshall, Night Drop: The American Airborne Invasion of Normandy (Boston: Little, Brown, 1962), pp. 216–22.
8. Leland Baker oral history, EC.
9. Marshall, Night Drop, p. 271.
10. Eugene Brierre oral history, EC.
11. Marshall, Night Drop, pp. 273–74.
12. Michel de Vallavieille, D-Day at Utah Beach (Coutances, 1982), p. 56.
13. Frederick von der Heydte interview, EC.
14. This paragraph is based on interviews by Ken Hechler with Bayerlein, Speidel, Jodl, and other German generals, copies in EC, and on Max Hastings, Overlord (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 77.
15. Hastings, Overlord, p. 76.
16. Carwood Lipton oral history, EC.
17. Richard Winters and Harry Welsh interviews, EC.
18. Sam Gibbons memoir, EC.
19. Heydte memoir, EC.
20. Parker Alford oral history, EC.
21. Charles Shettle oral history, EC.
22. Herbert James oral history, EC.
23. Carl Cartledge oral history, EC.
24. William Sawyer oral history, EC.
25. Jack Issacs oral history, EC.
26. David Thomas oral history, EC.
27. Donald Bosworth memoir, EC.
28. Roy Creek oral history, EC.
29. David Jones oral history, EC.
30. O. B. Hill oral history, EC.
31. Marshall, Night Drop, pp. 76–77.
32. Roy Creek oral history, EC. Creek went on: “I would pay particular tribute to Lt. Charlie Ames of E Company 507, Sgt. Asa Ricks, A Company 507, Sgt. Glenn Lapne, A Company 507. They all did everything I asked of them, and much more.” Creek went on to become a battalion commander in the 507th.
33. James Coyle memoir, EC.
34. John Fitzgerald oral history, EC.
35. Allen Langdon, “Ready” (Indianapolis: 82nd Airborne Division Association, 1986), p. 56.
36. Charles Miller oral history, EC.
37. Langdon, “Ready,” pp. 56–57.
38. Otis Sampson oral history, EC. Sampson comes in for high praise in Langdon, “Ready,” p. 57. Langdon also points out that the members of the group “have always been more than a little bit indignant that [S.L.A.] Marshall wrote in Night Drop, ‘Turnbull’s men ran all the way to Ste.-Mère-Église.’ As several have commented, it wasn’t necessary to do so and they didn’t. It was practically a physical impossibility besides.”
39. Langdon, “Ready,” p. 57; Stephen E. Ambrose, Band of Brothers: E Company, 506th (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 103.
40. John Fitzgerald oral history, EC.
41. Ibid.
42. James Coyle memoir, EC.
43. Otis Sampson oral history, EC.
44. Historical Section European Theater of Operations Staff, Utah Beach to Cherbourg, p. 31.
17. VISITORS TO HELL
1. Paul Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming! (New York: Dutton, 1963), p. 76.
2. Robert Walker oral history, EC.
3. A. J. Liebling, “Reporter at Large,” New Yorker, July 15, 1944, p. 40.
4. Robert Walker oral history, EC.
5. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, pp. 28–34.
6. Ibid., pp. 35–41.
7. Carell, Invasion—They’re Coming!, p. 76.
8. Francis Fane, Naked Warriors (New York: Prentice Hall, 1956), pp. 61–62.
9. Joseph Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1989), p. 145.
10. Joe Smith oral history, EC.
11. Charles Jarreau interview, EC.
12. John Barnes oral history, EC.
13. Thomas Valance oral history, EC.
14. S. L. A. Marshall, “First Wave at Omaha Beach,” Atlantic Monthly, November 1960, p. 68.
15. George Roach oral history, EC.
16. Lee Polek oral history, EC.
17. Harry Bare oral history, EC.
18. John Robertson oral history, EC.
19. Harry Parley oral history, EC.
20. Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead, p. 147.
21. Ibid., p. 149; Marshall, “First Wave at Omaha,” p. 69.
22. Benjamin McKinney oral history, EC.
23. Felix Branham oral history, EC.
24. J.T. Shea to Colonel Mason, 6/16/44, copy in EC.
25. Historical Division, War Department, Omaha Beachhead, pp. 55–56; Debs Peters oral history, EC.
26. Robert Walker oral history, EC.
27. Sidney Bingham oral history, EC.
28. Quoted in Balkoski, Beyond the Beachhead, p. 152.
29. George Kobe oral history, EC.
30. John Robert Slaughter oral history, EC. Slaughter wrote an extended memoir of D-Day for the Twenty-Niner Newsletter, November 1990, copy in EC.
31. John Robert Slaughter oral history, EC; Ray Moon memoir, EC.
32. Carl Weast oral history, EC.
33. William Lewis oral history, in an unpublished manuscript put together by John Robert Slaughter, copy in EC.
34. Raymond Howell oral history, EC.
18. UTTER CHAOS REIGNED
1. John MacPhee oral history, EC.
2. Clayton Hanks oral history, EC.
3. Warren Rulien oral history, EC.
4. Charles Thomas oral history, EC.
5. Fred Hall oral history, EC.
6. Forrest Pogue interview with John Spaulding, copy in EC.
7. Kenneth Romanski oral history, EC; U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, 49.
8. H. W. Shroeder oral history, EC.
9. Albert Mominee oral history, EC.
10. Andy Rooney interview with Joe Dawson, copy in EC.
11. Joe Pilck oral history, EC.
12. Paul Radzom and Warren Rulien oral histories, EC.
13. Andy Rooney interview with Al Smith, copy in EC.
14. Buddy Mazzara oral history, EC.
15. H. W. Shroeder oral history, EC.
16. William Dillon memoir, EC.
17. Ernie Pyle, Ernie’s War: The Best of Ernie Pyle’s World War II Dispatches, ed. David Nichols (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986), pp. 278–80.
18. John Ellery oral history, EC.
19. TRAFFIC JAM
1. Eisenhower to Lloyd Fredendall, 2/4/43, Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas.
2. Dean Rockwell oral history, EC.
3. F. S. White’s handwritten after-action report, supplied to the EC by Dean Rockwell.
4. J. C. Friedman oral history, EC.
5. Move Out, Verify: The Combat Story of the 743rd Tank Battallion (Dallas, 1981) p. 27.
6. Paul Radzom and Edward Kelly oral histories, EC.
7. George Ryan oral history, EC.
8. Jerry Eades oral history, EC. He concluded, “Roughly, that’s about what I remember of D-Day, June 6, 1944. ‘Course, our real trouble didn’t start till the next day, and the next and the next.”
9. R. J. Lindo oral history, EC.
10. William Otlowski oral history, EC.
11. Charles Sullivan oral history, EC.
12. Warren Tate, John Costello, and Terry Hughes, D-Day (London: Pan Books, 1975), p. 131.
13. Ibid., 132–33.
14. Devon Larson oral history, EC.
15. Exum Pike memoir, EC.
16. Don Irwin memoir, EC.
17. James Fudge oral history, EC.
18. Cornelius Ryan, The Longest Day (New York: Popular Library, 1959), pp. 271–72. Ryan wrote that this was the only appearance of the Luftwaffe on D-Day, but in fact there was a bombing run by JU-88s. None did any damage.
19. Robert Schober, Ray Howell, and Cecil Powers combined memoir, copy in EC.
20. Robert Miller oral history, EC.
21. Debbs Peters oral history, EC.
22. John Zmudzinski oral history, EC.
23. Allen McMath memoir, EC.
24. Al Littke oral history, EC.
25. John Mather oral history, EC.
26. Barnett Hoffner oral history, EC.
27. Frank Walk interview, EC.
28. Paul Thompson speech, copy in EC.
29. Franz Gockel memoir, EC, translated by Derek Zumbro.
20. “I AM A DESTROYER MAN”
1. Joe Smith oral history, EC.
2. Robert Giguere oral history, EC.
3. William O’Neill oral history, EC.
4. Samuel Eliot Morison, Invasion of France and Germany 1944–1945 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959), p. 148.
5. Owen Keeler, “From the Seaward Side,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, August 1989, p. 126.
6. William Sentry memoir, EC.
7. Ken Shiffer memoir, EC.
8. Harding action report, copy in EC.
9. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 144.
10. Ernest Hillberg oral history, EC.
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11. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 142.
12. William Sentry memoir, EC.
13. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 143.
14. Ibid., p. 145.
15. Edward Duffy memoir, EC.
16. Keeler, “From the Seaward Side,” 126.
17. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 144; Keeler, “From the Seaward Side,” p. 126.
18. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 147.
19. Robert Miller oral history, EC.
20. Robert Giguere oral history, EC.
21. William O’Neill oral history, EC.
22. Joe Smith oral history, EC.
23. James Knight, “The DD That Saved the Day,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, August 1989, pp. 124–26.
24. Morison, Invasion of France and Germany, p. 149.
25. Ibid., p. 152.
26. William Bacon oral history, EC.
27. Ibid.
28. Pete Martin, “We Shot D-Day on Omaha Beach,” American Legion Magazine, June 1964, p. 19.
29. William O’Neill oral history, EC.
30. Stanley Borkowski oral history, EC.
31. A. J. Liebling, “Reporter at Large,” New Yorker, July 8, 1944, p. 40.
32. Ferris Burke oral history, EC.
33. Frank Fedvik oral history, EC.
34. William Sentry oral history, EC; William Carter memoir, EC; Harding action report, copy in EC.
35. Charles Jarreau oral history, EC.
36. Capa’s account of D-Day, first published in his book Slightly Out of Focus, is reprinted in Robert Capa (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1974), pp. 68–71; Charles Jarreau oral history, EC.
37. Martin, “We Shot D-Day on Omaha Beach.”
21. “WILL YOU TELL ME HOW WE DID THIS?”
1. Ronald Lane, Rudder’s Rangers (Manassas, Va.: Ranger Associates, 1979), p. 108.
2. W. C. Heinz, “I Took My Son to Omaha Beach,” Collier’s, June 11, 1954, p. 25.
3. Donald Scribner oral history, EC.
4. Gerald Heaney oral history, EC.
5. Edwin Sorvisto, Roughing It with Charlie: 2nd Ranger Bn. (Plzeň, Czechoslovakia, 1945), p. 32.
6. Lane, Rudder’s Rangers, p. 111.
7. Donald Scribner oral history, EC.
8. Sidney Salomon memoir, EC.
9. Robert Black, Rangers in World War II (New York: Ivy Books, 1992), p. 197.
10. Donald Scribner oral history, EC.
11. U.S. Army, Historical Section Staff, Omaha Beachhead, p. 75.
12. Sorvisto, Roughing It with Charlie, p. 28.
13. Gerald Heaney oral history, EC.
14. Sidney Salomon memoir, EC.
15. Sorvisto, Roughing It with Charlie, p. 34.